A closed eyeball model was designed to estimate the chorioretinal adhesion of the laser-photocoagulated region. We used it to measure the duration of development of retinal detachment during vitrectomy before and after killing the test rabbits. During testing, negative pressure was applied into the vitreous cavity of the pigmented rabbits. Laser burns were produced in the posterior retina by exposure to an argon blue-green laser beam with a focus diameter of 200 microns of 0.1 to 0.2 second duration and 150 to 250 mW intensity. One hour and one, two, five, seven and fourteen days following laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy was done with a cutting rate of 500 per minute, aspiration pressure of 50 mmHg and infusion pressure of 55.2 mmHg. After core vitrectomy, the rabbit was killed with an intravenous bolus of 100 mg sodium pentobarbital solution. After killing the rabbit, the vitreous cavity was continuously aspirated under the pressure of 25 mmHg while the infusion was stopped. The changes of the fundus, especially development of retinal detachment, were observed in the laser-treated and untreated regions before and after killing the rabbit. When retinal detachment was noted anywhere before killing the rabbit, this postmortem change was not observed. One hour following laser photocoagulation, the laser-treated retina was detached during core vitrectomy before killing the rabbit, and the untreated area was not detached. One day following photocoagulation, the retina was intact before killing the rabbit. After killing the rabbit, the laser-treated retina was detached in four minutes and the untreated retina in 18 minutes postmortem.
Adhesiveness ; Animal ; *Laser Coagulation ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*physiology ; Rabbits ; Retina/*physiology ; Retinal Detachment/prevention & control ; Time Factors

Two avulsed ears attached by very narrow subcutaneous pedicles were repaired with only cutaneous sutures and showed complete survival. The results showed that the entire auricle could be fully vascularized by just a single small vascular branch. This clinical result is compatible with our previous findings in anatomical study concerning arterial supply of the auricle.
Ear ; Sutures

The patient with unilateral or bilateral inverted nipple has both functional and cosmetic impairments. The structural and histopathologic features of inverted nipple are that inverted nipple has less fibromuscular tissue than normal nipple and has short lactiferous duct and dense fibrous tissue. For these reasons, surgical correction of inverted nipple requires release of the short lactiferous ducts and providing the bulkiness under the nipple. We combined the concept of both adding the bulkiness under the nipple and creating a tight neck at its base without sacrificing the duct system. We rotated the bilateral diamond shaped deepithelized dermal flaps around the nipple areolar complex for providing the nipple bulkiness without division of lactiferous duct and reinforced it with the purse-string suture around the dermal flap for providing the stability. This two rotational dermal flap method was applied 12 inverted nipple in 6 patients and followed up for 2 months to 24 months. We have got the satisfactory results in cosmetic and functional aspect without any complication such as sensory change, relapse, and nipple necrosis.
Diamond ; Humans ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Nipples* ; Recurrence ; Sutures

After the intraocular bleeding was inuced by amputation of the rabbit retinal artery, the level and duration of the level of the intraocular pressure to control the bleeding was studied. Then, the eyes were enucleated and evaluated for the effect of the increased intraocular pressure. In 3 of 4 eyes studied, the bleeding is controlled at the height of 140-145 cm of the infusion bottle for 10 seconds. And the maintenance of the height of 125 cm for 15 seconds was effective in one eye. Although the expanded intercellular space in the outer nuclear layer, destruction of the photoreceptors and formation of the vacuoles appeared in the first week, they were only the temporary findings for they disappeared after second week. In the rebbit, the retinal arterial bleeding is able to be controlled at the level of about 100 mmHg of the IOP for about 10 seconds effectively and safely.
Amputation ; Extracellular Space ; Hemorrhage ; Intraocular Pressure ; Retina* ; Retinal Artery ; Retinaldehyde ; Vacuoles

Multipe Evanescent White Dot Syndrome is a clinical disorder of unknown etiology usually resulting in acute visual loss It affects primarily the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, Ocular manifestations may include multiple white dots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, granulaity of the macula, optic nerve swelling and anterior chamber and vitreous cells. Fluorescein angiogram discloses hyperfluorescence in association with the white spots and late staining and dye leakage from disc capillaries. We experienced a case of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome and reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Anterior Chamber ; Capillaries ; Dental Caries ; Fluorescein ; Optic Nerve ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium

120 eyes of 119 patients with retinal detachment were treated with an encircling silicone sponge scleral buckling in the department of Ophthalmolgy, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center from September 1, 1988, to January 31, 1991. Results were as follow 107 eyes among 120 eyes (89.2%) showed anatomical success, and 54 eyes of them (45%) showed functional success. As the preoperative factors, the case of over 20/70 vision (100%, p>0.05, 100%, p<0.05), cases of duration of detachment for less than one month (92%, p>0.05, 57%, p<0.05), cases of preoperative no hypotony (above 5mmHg) (99%, p<0.05, 56%, p<0.05), cases of no myopia (below -Sph 4.50) (85%, p>0.05,61%, p<0.05) of retinal detached eyes, and non-involved case of a macula(97%, p>0.05, 54%, p<0.05) showed favorable anatomical and functional success rate. The presence and degree of the proliferative vitreoretinaopathy affected the anatomical and functional success rate, but the age of patients did not affect the success of surgery.
Academic Medical Centers ; Humans ; Myopia ; Porifera* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicones*

Morning glory syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly in optic disc, which is characterized by defect in optic disc due to optic nerve dysgenesis, abnormal retinal vessels, and chorioretinal pigment disturbance around optic disc. Retinal detachment in morning glory syndrome occurs in 26% to 38% of the cases, which is thought to be non-rhegmatogenous in nature and usually develops in posterior pole of the retina. Surgical treatment is indicated in cases with bullous and total retinal detachment in morning glory syndrome. The authors successfully reattached the detached retina in a 3 year old boy with morning glory syndrome using trans pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckling, retinotomy, silicone oid injection, and endolaser photocoagulation. The authors followed up for 15 weeks after operation, and the vision of left eye was counting finger and the retina remained to be reattached.
Child, Preschool ; Fingers ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Optic Nerve ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleral Buckling ; Silicones ; Vitrectomy

Adult albino rabbits were used in this study. The retina was treated with laser photocoagulation around the retinal break. The histopathologic findings were evaluated with light and electron microscopes to determine how quickly chorioretinal adhesion was produced after photocoagulation. Adhesion between the rod and cone layer and the pigment epithelium appeared within 1 hour after photocoagulation, probably due to direct burn effect of the laser. A scar tissue appeared in the chorioretinal lesion 5 days after photocoagulation, derived from the proteinaceous coagulum and accompanying fibrosis.
Adult ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Epithelium ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Perforations

An improved retinal tack and applicator have been increasingly used as an adjunct in the repair of complicated retinal detachments. We used this technique in 7 consecutive cases of complicated retinal detachment. After a mean follow-up of 3 months, anatomical reattachment including partial reattachment was achieved in 5 eyes among 7 eyes, and 6 eyes had improved vision or no change(one improved to 20/70). Retinal tacks appear to be a useful tool either temporarily or permanently in preventing retraction and detachment of the retina until adjunctive diathermy, cryopexy, or photocoagulation becomes effective.
Diathermy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Light Coagulation ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

Since Purtscher's original discriptions similar clinical signs have been described following acute compressive neck or chest injuries, chest compression, val salva maneuvers, long bone fractures, acute pancreatitis and after childbirth. The appearance of Purtscher's retinopathy are believed to be due to ischemic episodes particularly in the end arterioles around the macula and disc. We experienced two cases of Purtscher's-like retinopathy in patients with systemic hypertension who had not any recent trauma history and reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Arterioles ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Neck ; Pancreatitis ; Parturition ; Thoracic Injuries ; Thorax