No abstract available.
Pheochromocytoma* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms* ; Thymidine Kinase* ; Thymidine*

No abstract available.
Acetylcholinesterase* ; Aluminum* ; Animals ; Brain* ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase* ; Choline* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR spectrum and MR cholangiographic imaging findings of clonorchiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 26 patients with confirmed clonorchiasis by either stool tests (n=24) or surgery (n=2). MR imaging was performed on a 1.5 T system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) with a torso coil. Axial T1-and T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced dynamic images and MR cholangiography were obtained. Image analyses were used to identify abnormalities of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and the presence of hepatobiliary malignancy. All MR examinations were reviewed by the consensus of two abdominal radiologists. RESULT: Intrahepatic bile duct abnormalities were seen in 23 (89%) of the 26 patients. The most common finding was mild dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct which was found in 21 (81%). "Too many intrahepatic ducts" were found in 16 (62%), wall enhancement and thickening in 21 (81%) and filling defects and ductal stricture in the intrahepatic bile duct in 6 (24%) and 3 (12%) patients, respectively. Extrahepatic ductal dilation was found in 5 (19%) and 9 (35%) revealed hepatobiliary malignancy. CONCLUSION: MR imaging revealed various findings of clonorchiasis, including dilatation, wall enhancement, stricture of the intrahepatic ducts and filling defect within the intrahepatic bile duct.
Adult ; Aged ; Cholangiography/methods ; Clonorchiasis/*diagnosis/radiography ; Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the ovary revealed by MR imaging before and after radiotherapy in premenopausal patients with cervical carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three premenopausal patients with cervical carcinoma underwent radiation therapy at an average dosage of 11,279 (external: 5,352; internal: 5,927) cGy. Before and after this therapy, all underwent pelvic MR imaging using a 1.5T MR scanner (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, U.S.A.). The average interval of follow-up MR imaging was 7.2 months, and axial T1-weighted and axial and sagittal T2-weighted MR images were obtained. The presence, size number of follicles, and differentiation of the zonal anatomy of the ovary were determined by two radiologists, who reached a consensus. RESULTS: After radiation therapy, all patients ceased menstruation. For ovaries, the detection rates before and after radiation therapy were 94% (62/66) and 39% (26/66) (p<0.05), respectively, and average ovary size was 2.6x1.9x2.2 cm before and 1.7x1.3x1.4 cm after therapy (p<0.05). The average number of ovarian follicles before and after therapy was 5.1 and 3.1, respectively (p<0.05). T2-weighted imaging, demonstrated differentiation of zonal anatomy in 74% of cases (46/62) before radiotheraphy, and 15% (4/26) after (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that after radiation therapy in premenopausal patients with cervical cancer, detection rates, average size, and the number of ovaries decreased, findings which are similar to those for normal postmenopausal ovary. MR imaging can reveal structural change in ovaries.
Cervix Uteri* ; Consensus ; Female ; Fluconazole ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menstruation ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovary* ; Radiotherapy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: To investigate the perfusion characteristics of VX2 carcinoma and liver parenchyma in an animal model, and to evaluate the usefulness of perfusion CT in assessing the angiogenesis of hepatic VX2 carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rabbits (control, 5; VX2 carcinoma, 5) weighing 2.5 to 3.5 (average, 3.1) Kg were involved in this study. Between 7 and 14 days after implanting VX2 carcinoma, ultrasonography and CT were performed for the purpose of detecting this. Using the cine mode and involving four simultaneous sections, four perfusion CT images were obtained every second for 60 seconds. One radiologist measured the size of the region of interest (ROI) at each liver location, and using the time-density curves for each tumor and normal liver, semi-quantitative perfusion parameters -namely blood volume, mean transit time (MTT), blood flow, and time-to-peak enhancement-were determined. The microvascular densities (MVD) of VX2 tumors and normal liver were correlated with the perfusion CT findings. RESULTS: In the control group, there were no significant differences in perfusion parameters between the left and right hepatic lobes. In the VX2 carcinoma group, there were significant differences between the lobe containing the tumor and adjacent hepatic lobes with respect to blood volume (34.80 vs. 27.2 ml/100 g), MTT (14.1 vs. 19.4 sec), blood flow (119.7 vs. 84.3 ml/100 g/min), and time-to-peak (32.4 vs. 36.9 sec) (p<0.05). The blood volume (27.2 ml/100g) of the hepatic lobe with the VX2 tumor was higher than that of normal liver (22.8 ml/100 g) (p< 0.05), but blood flow (84.3 vs. 66.8 ml/100 g/min), MTT (19.4 vs. 21.3 sec) and time-to-peak (36.9 vs. 38.7 sec) values were not different. The MVD of VX2 tumors was higher than that of normal liver (p<0.05), and significantly higher than that of adjacent and contralateral liver (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: At perfusion CT, blood volume and blood flow of VX2 carcinomas increased more than those of normal liver, as were both mean transit time and time-to-peak. It was confirmed histopathologically that the angiogenesis of VX2 carcinoma was higher than that of normal liver. In conclusion, perfusion CT may be a practically useful diagnostic tool capable of reflecting the neoplastic angiogenesis of the liver.
Blood Volume ; Liver ; Models, Animal ; Perfusion* ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of the CT cholangiography by using helical CT with multiplanar reformation in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT was performed in 36 patients of extrahepatic biliary obstruction confirmed by operation or invasive cholangiography(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography). The cause of obstructions were 18 benign diseases(11 common bile duct stones, four choledochal cysts, three pancreatitis) and 18 malignant diseases(seven common bile duct carcinomas, seven pancreatic head carcinomas, three ampullary carcinomas, one periampullary duodenal carcinoma). After helical scanning through the extrahepatic bile duct, retrospective reconstruction of the helical data was performed. And then, CT cholagiogram was obtained with multiplanar reformation. We evaluated the technical success rate and the accuracy in determinating the level and the cause of the obstruction. We compared findings of the CT cholangiogram with that of operation or invasive cholangiography. RESULTS: In 100%(36/36) of cases, CT cholangiography could be obtained successfully. The accuracy of the CT cholangiography in determinating the level of the obstruction was 100%(11 cases of suprapancreatic duct, 13 cases of intrapancreatic duct, 13 cases of infrapancreatic duct and ampulla), and the accuracy in determinating the cause of the obstruction was 91.7%(all cases of 18 benign diseases, and 15 cases of 18 malignant diseases). CONCLUSION: In evaluating the obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts, the CT cholangiography by using helical CT with multiplanar reformation is an useful noninvasive method in determinating the level.and the cause of biliary obstruction and therefore could replace t~e invasive cholangiography.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Cholangiography* ; Choledochal Cyst ; Common Bile Duct ; Head ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

Adult albino rabbits were used in this study. The retina was treated with laser photocoagulation around the retinal break. The histopathologic findings were evaluated with light and electron microscopes to determine how quickly chorioretinal adhesion was produced after photocoagulation. Adhesion between the rod and cone layer and the pigment epithelium appeared within 1 hour after photocoagulation, probably due to direct burn effect of the laser. A scar tissue appeared in the chorioretinal lesion 5 days after photocoagulation, derived from the proteinaceous coagulum and accompanying fibrosis.
Adult ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Epithelium ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinal Perforations

PURPOSE: To reassess the diagnostic value of plain radiographs, compared with computed tomography, in thediagnosis of acute traumatic spinal fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients (total 64 cases) withacute traumatic spinal fracture were studied using plain radiographs and computed tomography. Fracture site andtype (according to the three-column theory), classification as major or minor injury, stability of fracture, andthe presence of associated soft tissue change were evaluated on plain radiographs and CT. The results of the twoimaging techniques were compared. RESULTS: Excluding eight cases of C1 and C2 fractures, 41 cases involvedfractures of the vertebral body, and 15 involved only the posterior column. Plain radiographs and CT showed,respectively, 27 and 25 cases of simple compression fracture, 13 and 16 of bursting fracture. One case ofcompression fracture was not detected on plain radiographs. The results of classification as major (43/56) orminor (13/56) injury were equivalent on plain and CT films. For the evalvation of unstable fracture, plainradiographs were superior to CT(stable fracture, 46/64; unstable fracture, 18/64), while for the evaluation ofsoft tissue change, CT was better than plain radiographs. CONCLUSION: If correct procedures are meticulouslyadhered to, plain radiographs of acute traumatic spinal injury provide good information for the diagnosis oftraumatic fracture.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Spinal Fractures* ; Spinal Injuries

Twenty-four factories registered at the Ministry of Labor as factories using or producing cadmium in 1991 were investigated to know the present state of occupational exposure to cadmium in 1992. Nine factories among 24 stopped using or changed to other substances and 1 factory didn't produce any more, but delivered it to other factories through imports. Therefore, only 14 factories were producing or using cadmium. But, alloying materials were uspplied to about 20 and more factories, however, they couldn't be investigated because of limited information. Three factories had less than 50 workers were 3, 6 had 50-300 and 5 had more than 300. About 167 workers were exposed to cadmium. According to the classification by process, there were 4 alloy processes, 2 refinary, 2 elctroplating, 2 dry cell making, 1 industrial battery and 1 copper refinary. 8 factories used metal cadmium, 3 cadmium oxide, 2 cadmium sulfide, and 1 cadmium hyroxide. One factory was importing cadmium stearates only and supplying them to the PVC making factories. The amount of metal cadmium producing in 2 refinary factories was about 50-65 ton per month. The other cadmium compounds were imported. According to exposure level of cadmium in air of the 10 factories examined, each factory could be divided into high, moderate and low exposure groups. 1 battery recycling factory and 3 alloy factories were in the high exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.06679, 0.05481, 0.02492, and 0.003mg/m3, respectively. Refinary and industrial battery making factories were in the middle exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.00773 and 0.00613 mg/m3, respectively. Finally, low exposure group were copper smelting, dry cell case making, duplicator drum making and electroplating factory and their mean air concentrations were 0.00096, 0.00071, 0.00057 and 0.00054 mg/m3 respectively.
Alloys ; Cadmium Compounds ; Cadmium* ; Classification ; Copper ; Electroplating ; Korea* ; Occupational Exposure* ; Osmeriformes ; Recycling ; Stearates