No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis*

The crossing laminar screw fixation might be the most recently developed approach among various fixation techniques for C2. The new construct has stability comparable to transarticular or transpedicular screw fixation without risk of vertebral artery injury. Quantitative anatomical studies about C2 vertebra suggest significant variation in the thickness of C2 lamina as well as cross sectional area of junction of lamina and spinous process. We present an elderly patient who underwent an occipito-cervical stabilization incorporating crossed C2 laminar screw fixation. We preoperatively recognized that she had low profiles of C2 lamina, and thus made a modification of trajectory for the inferiorly crossing screw. We introduce a simple modification of crossing C2 laminar screw technique to improve stability in patients with low laminar profiles.
Aged ; Humans ; Spine ; Vertebral Artery

Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) of infancy and early childhood. We analyzed clinical and radiological features of 76 patients with lower respiratory infections by respiratory syncytial virus, which were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescent test or culture of nasal aspirate in Hep-2 cell monolayer, during the period of January-December, 1991. There were peaks of incidences in March-May and November-December, accounting for 87% of eases. Sixty-two cases (82%) were under 1 year of age. Fifty cases(66%) had underlying diseases. Major radiographical findings were overaeration (83%), parahilar peribronchial infiltrates(67%), segmental or subsegmental atelectasis(32%), and segmental or lobar consolidation(16%). In 15 cases(20%), overaeration was the only radiological findings. There was no evidence of pleural effusion or hilar lymph node enlargement in all cases. By considerig clinical features(symptoms, age. Underlying diseases, epidemic seasons) in addition to the radiological findings, radiologists would be familiar with lower respiratory infection by respiratory syncytial virus. Air space consolidation, which is generally though to represent bacterial pneumonia, is also observed not infrequently in respiratory syncytial virus infections.
Child* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Respiratory Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) spp. is a major pathogenic organism of nosocomial and community-acquired urianry tract infections, and causes infrctions in the immunocompromised host, and in particular, bloodstream infetions in patent with indwelling devices. High prevalance of methicillin resistance has been noticed in CNS which also have been recongnized as an important multidrug resistant pathogen. The optimal phenotypic method for detecting methicillin resistance still remains controversial, and new guidelines for detecting methicillin resistance of CNS was proposed by NCCLS in January 1999. We evaluated the relationship between mecA gene by PCR method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests according to the new NCCLS guidelines. METHODS: A total of 82 CNS isolates were examined for MICs and penicillin MICs by disk diffusion and agar dilution method according to NCCLS guidelines, and detections, and detection of mecA gene by PCR. RESULT: In disk diffusion method, 66 strains (80.5%) and 63 strains (76.8%) showed resistance to penicillin and oxacillin, respectively, and in agar dilution method, 71 strains(86.6%) and 53 strains (64.6%), respectively. In PCR method, mecA genes were detected in 49 strains(59.8%). Comparing with mecA gene detection by PCR method, the sensitivity of disk diffusion and agar dilution method was 95.8% and 89.8%, repectively. However, the sensitivity of disk diffusion and agar dilution method was 65.3% and 75.5%, respectively using previous NCCLS criteria. CONCLUSION: The new criteria of NCCLS detects the methicillin resistance induced by mecA gene more sensitively than previous one.
Agar ; Coagulase* ; Diffusion ; Immunocompromised Host ; Methicillin Resistance ; Oxacillin ; Penicillins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus*

We compared the pain produced during different phases of phacoemulsification cataract surgery using a scleral pocket incision under pinpoint anesthesia with that under intracameral anesthesia. This prospective study comprised each 100 cataract patients who had no complications influencing the degree of pain during surgery. Patients were asked about pain immediately after each phase and pain occurring during each phase was measured using 4 step verbal scale(from 0 to 4). In both anesthesia,conjunctival reposition was the most painful.Pinpoint injection was statistically significantly more painful than induction of intracameral anesthesia.The pain score during conjunctival reposition and at 1hr after surgery were significantly higher under intracameral anesthesia than under pinpoint, but during most of phases under both anesthesia,the pain score was relatively low. Intracameral anesthesia is easy,safety and dose not require additional ocular damage during induction of anesthesia,so if combined with topical anesthesia,it is very effective during cataract surgery using scleral pocket incision.
Anesthesia* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Hyperlipoproteinemias*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Glycogen Synthase ; Glycogen ; Insulin ; Rats

Augmentation mammoplasty with anatomical breast implant, which was first introduced in Korea in February 2012, is expected to increase along with the round implant. This study reports the early experience of a single surgeon with this implant to Korean female patients. A total of one hundred patients who performed augmentation mammoplasty with Replicon(R) (POLYTECH Health & Aesthetics, Dieburg, Germany), a kind of anatomical breast implant, from February 2012 to August 2012 were studied. Patient's satisfaction with breast shape and touch was assessed using linear analogue scales with a maximum score of 5. All of the patients received augmentation mammoplasty for cosmetic purpose. Ninety-one patients were satisfied with their results. Neither implant malrotation nor capsular contracture was checked during the average follow up period of 7.9 months. Even though it is a preliminary report of early studies, we can see that anatomical implant is suitable for Korean female patients who have small breast, mild ptotic breast and constricted lower pole, given that anatomical implant proved excellent results in this studies.
Breast ; Breast Implantation ; Breast Implants ; Contracture ; Cosmetics ; Esthetics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mammaplasty ; Weights and Measures