No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

Objectives: It is crucial to establish the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks at army training centers to develop preventive measures. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the COVID-19 transmission patterns and risk factors in a sequence of outbreaks at an army training center from June to August 2021. Methods: This study included 1,324 trainees at an army training center where outbreaks occurred from June to August 2021. The outbreak was qualitatively analyzed according to the period, attack rate, demographic characteristics, vaccination history, and living areas. An aerodynamic experiment was performed to evaluate aerosol transmission in living areas. Results: Three outbreaks occurred at the army training center from June to August 2021. The first, second, and third outbreaks lasted for 32, 17, and 24 days, and the attack rates were 12.8%, 18.1%, and 8.9%, respectively. Confirmed cases were distributed in all age groups. Recruits and the unvaccinated were at higher risk for COVID-19. The aerodynamic experiment verified the possibility of aerosol transmission within the same living area. Conclusion COVID-19 transmission at army training centers should be minimized through quarantine and post-admission testing during the latency period as part of integrated measures that include facility ventilation, vaccination, indoor mask-wearing, and social distancing.

Saphena varix is very rare disease that characterized by isolated distention of the saphenous vein below the sapheno-femoral junction. Saphena varix must be differentiated from other medical problems that can cause a groin mass. A 49-year-old man presented with a palpable mass on the right upper thigh and he'd had the mass for 6 months. There was no history of trauma, and the mass was especially noticeable when he was standing. On the physical examination, a 5 cm-sized soft, nontender, compressible mass was detected at the right upper medial thigh near the femoral foramen. Doppler sonography showed a saccular venous dilatation of the great saphenous vein just below the saphenofemoral junction. On computed tomography, there were superficially dilated veins in the right thigh and calf, a focal saccular aneurysm at the proximal segment of the right greater saphenous vein and no evidence of deep vein thrombosis. Aneurymal excision and stripping of the greater saphenous vein were performed. No complication was observed at the 2 week follow-up.
Aneurysm ; Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Groin ; Hernia, Femoral ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Rare Diseases ; Saphenous Vein ; Thigh ; Varicose Veins ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis