No abstract available.
Transplants* ; Urinary Incontinence*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Binding Sites* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats* ; Serotonin*

No Abstract Available.
Allografts* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

Though high stone free rates were reported with ESWL monotherapy or anatrophic nephrolithotomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy with or without ESWL appears to be the procedure of choice for most staghorn calculi. A total of 41 patients with staghorn calculi underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL) alone or primary percutaneous debulking followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) of residual stone fragments. For the objective analysis of the results of PNL stone removal rate was calculated with stone surface area which was determined by computer analyzer. For staghorn calculi smaller than 2000 mm2(38/41), a mean stone removal rate of about 90% was achieved in the PNL. When stone surface area exceeded 2000 mm2(3,41), the mean stone removal rate was 78.8%. The stone removal rates stratified by stone surface area were not significantly different. The stone free rate was 31.7% in the PNL only but 75.6% in the PNL with or without ESWL. The higher mean stone removal rate and stone free rate was achieved in the kidneys with non-dilated collecting system than those with hydronephrosis, but it was not statistically significant.
Calculi* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Shock

BACKGROUND: Smoking greatly increases the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Besides direct harm from smoking, some dietary pattern of smokers have been reported to increase such risk. This study aimed to analyze various nutrients by smoking status, and to find out whether smokers maintain harmful dietary patterns. METHODS: One thousand and six hundred fourteen men were selected who visited the health promotion center of an university hospital in Seoul. The inclusion criteria was the completion of dietary survey. Dietary analysis was done by calculation of amounts of each nutrients from 24-hour recall method. We compared total intake of each nutrients and total calories by smoking status with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then we adjusted the results for exercise and education level by ANCOVA (analysis of covariance). RESULTS: The study subjects were 840 current smokers (52.0%), 479 ex-smokers (29.7%) and 295 non-smokers (18.3%). The consumption of total fat and cholesterol was significantly high in smokers than non-smokers (P=0.012, P=0.005). The alcohol intake was higher in smokers and ex-smokers than non-smokers (P <0.001, P=0.007). The smokers and ex-smokers had less calcium than non- smokers (P=0.001, P=0.044). Furthermore, the smokers exercised less than ex-smokers and non-smokers (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The smokers consumed more total fat and cholesterol which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. They also had less calcium and drank more alcohol. Comprehensive approach which includes intervention for dietary intakes in addition to smoking cessation is desirable to decrease health risk for smokers.
Analysis of Variance ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Male* ; Osteoporosis ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED), and the correlations of ED with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the antihypertensive drugs that are used for CVD patients as risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 cardiology outpatients suffering with CVD were enrolled in this study. The patients were screened for ED by using questionnaire that included the 5-item Version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); the patients were reviewed for a medical history, including the risk factors for CVD and their current antihypertensive medications. RESULTS: Overall, 58% of the patients had various degrees of ED, including mild in 9.5%, moderate in 2.5% and complete dysfunction in 46%. The prevalence of complete ED was significantly higher than the other ED types. The risk factors for patients with CVD were hypertension (70.0%), smoking (61.5%), coronary artery disease (CAD) (55.0%), overweight (47.0%), age (40.5%), lipid abnormalities (24.5%) and diabetes (16.5%). Especially, the patients having an older age, CAD and smoking had a significantly higher prevalence of ED than those patients with the other risk factors. Although the patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed significant correlations for the antihypertensive drugs with the prevalence of ED, all the antihypertensive drugs were not independently associated with the presence of ED on the multivariable logistic regression test. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data on the prevalence of ED and the significant correlation of ED with old age, CAD and smoking for the patients with CVD. Although it is a well known fact that CVD is associated with ED, most physicians do not ask the patients questions about it, and most of the patients are too embarrassed to discuss their ED with them. Therefore, understanding the relationship between ED and CVD is essential.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Cardiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Outpatients ; Overweight ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: This study was conducted for the purpose of a structural model analysis of family health of women who came to Korea for being married to Korean men. METHODS: The data were collected from 260 immigrant women at multicultural centers located in C and B cities from May 10th to 30th, 2012. The variance analysis on the samples was conducted by using the maximum likelihood minimization function with AMOS 7.0. The fitness was evaluated by means of the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI with a 90% confidence interval. RESULTS: First, immigrant women's self-esteem and acculturative stress were found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Second, their self-esteem and acculturative stress have direct effects on their marital adjustment. Third, their marital adjustment was found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Forth, immigrant women's Korean language ability was found not to have significant direct effects on their marital adjustment and family health. CONCLUSION: In order to enhance the family health of immigrant women, it is necessary to develop and apply nursing programs in consideration of immigrant women's self-esteem, marital adjustment and acculturative stress.
Aminopeptidases ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Language ; Marriage ; Models, Structural ; Negotiating ; Porphyrins ; Social Adjustment ; Transients and Migrants

OBJECTIVES: To suggest direction for improving policies by understanding current management of narcotics or psychotropic drugs and analyzing their distributions and usage. METHOD: We conducted a comparison analysis between health insurance claims and the amount supplied to health care institutions for narcotics or psychotropic drugs through health insurance claims data and drug distribution supply data from 2010 to 2012 collected from Korea Pharmaceutical Information Service Center (KPIS). Furthermore, we carried out literature investigation and online search to comprehend the current management of narcotics drugs in Korea. RESULTS: The amount supplied to medical institutions for all drugs in 2012 was 19.4 trillion won, which increased from 19.5 trillion in 2011 by 0.54%. For narcotic drugs, the amount supplied was 318.4 billion won in 2011 and increased to 335.1 billion won by 5.3% in 2012, which exceeded the rate of increase for the amount supplied for all drugs. The proportion of amount claimed in the total amount supplied to medical institutions for all drugs was 60.5% in 2012, whereas the proportion of amount claimed for narcotic drugs was 55.6%, which showed that narcotic drugs were used relatively less within health insurance. Furthermore, management of the current domestic distribution supply data focuses on manufacturing and medical institution supply stages. CONCLUSION: Hereafter, the management of narcotics or psychotropic drugs needs to be improved by reinforcing active monitoring in optimal prescription and usage in patients by collecting and analyzing information on drug usage of patients.
Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Information Services ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Narcotics* ; Prescriptions ; Psychotropic Drugs

OBJECTIVES: Cord blood stem cells have been widely used as donor cells for bone marrow transplantation recently. These cells can give rise to a variety of hematopoietic lineages to repopulate the blood. Recent observations reveal that some bone marrow cells and bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) can grow to become either neurons or glial cells. It is, however, unclear whether or not there exists stems cells which can differentiate into neurons in the blood during the early stages of postnatal life. METHODS: Human cord blood stem cells were prepared from human placenta after full term delivery. To induce neuronal differentiation of stem cells, beta-mercaptoethanol was treated. To confirm the neuro-glial characteristics of differentiated stem cells, immunocytochemical stain for NeuN, neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), microtubule associated protein2(MAP2) was performed. RT-PCR was performed for detecting nestin mRNA and MAP2 mRNA. RESULTS: We showed in this experiment that neuro-glial markers(NeuN, neurofilament, MAP2, GFAP) were expressed and axon-like cytoplasmic processes are elaborated in the cultured human cord blood stem cells prepared from new born placenta after full term delivery. Nestin mRNA was also detected in fresh cord blood monocytes. Conclusions: These results suggest that human cord blood derived stem cells may be potential sources of neurons in early postnatal life.
Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cytoplasm ; Fetal Blood* ; Humans* ; Microtubules ; Monocytes ; Nestin ; Neural Stem Cells ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Placenta ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors ; Umbilical Cord*

PUROPOSE: We analyzed retrospectively the result of urodynamic studies of the female patients with overactive bladder to reveal the incidence of accompanying bladder outlet obstruction and compared the urodynamic charateristics according to the diagnostic criteria for bladder outlet obstruction to help make the appropriate diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 230 women who underwent urodynamic studies for evaluation of overactive bladder were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified as having obstruction based on two criteria, including one pressure flow cutoff point criteria (free Qmax < 12ml/sec and pdetQmax > or = 20cmH2O) (group I) and moderate or severe obstruction by the Blaivas- Groutz nomogram (group II). Urodynamic characteristics of the patients in Group 1 and 2 were compared with those of 42 patients having only overactive bladder without any voiding symptom (OAB group). RESULTS: Of the patients 31 (13.5%) were in group I, 42 (18.3%) in group II. Qmax of group I was the lowest among 3 groups. Detrusor pressure at maximum measurable flow and maximum detrusor pressure during voiding in group 1 and II were significantly higher than in OAB group. Detrusor overactivity was more observed in group I and II, and there was no signigicant difference in the presence of voiding symptoms between group I and II. Only 9 patients (4%) had obstruction by both of criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high incidence of bladder outlet obstruction in the patients of overactive bladder and non-specificity of the symptoms by bladder outlet obstruction, thorough urodynamic study may be helpful in detection and treatment of bladder outlet obstruction of the overactive bladder patients. The further study for the criteria of female bladder outlet obstruction should be necessary to make its accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nomograms ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urodynamics