No Abstract Available.
Humans

Sacral perineural cyst is one group of extradural meningeal cyst at the sacral region. These lesions are distinguished from other spinal cysts because perineural cyst does not communicate with subarachnoidal space. Fluid filled cysts may compress adjacent nerve roots causing low back pain and sciatica which are dramatically improved by surgical excision. Differential diagnosis from other cysts can be accomplished by failure of collection of dye into cyst by initial myelography. C-T myelography rules out other mass lesions and often reveals communication of perineural cyst that filled with contrast medium. Magnetic resonance imaging well demonstrates three dimensinnal configures of an intraspinal cystic mass in initial study. However it is important to recognize that these cysts are one of causes of radiculopathy. We report three cases of sacral perineural cysts with radiculopathy.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelography ; Radiculopathy ; Sacrococcygeal Region ; Sciatica ; Tarlov Cysts*

The operative treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures has three principal aims; restoration of the height and width of the calcaneus, reconstruction of the subtalar and calcaneocuboid joint surfaces, and stable osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the open reduction and internal fixation by the extended lateral approach for the treatment of the intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Twenty-one calcaneal fractures of 20 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using an extended lateral approach from April, 1993 to March, 1994. The autogenous iliac bone graft was done in all patients. These patients were evaluated from 12 to 24 months (average 15.2 months) after surgery. The following results were obtained; 1. Seventecn cases (80%) out of 21 were estimated as good or excellent result. 2. Preoperative Bohler's angles, Gissane's angles and inclination angles were observed as average -0.5degrees, 101degrees and 38degrees respectively, and these were improved as average 23.3degrees, 117degrees and 54degrees, postoperatively. 3. There were two cases of skin necrosis as complication. In conclusion, the extended lateral approach is one of the good methods for the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures. We think that accurate reduction of the posterior facet, acceptable recovery of Bohler's angle and early postoperative mobilization are the most important things for the best result of the intraarticular calcaneal fracture surgery.
Calcaneus ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Joints ; Necrosis ; Skin ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common disorder, but its diagnosis is often overlooked. Although there are several evaluating instruments, they are difficult to use in busy outpatient clinics because of its length. Furthermore, scales developed for screening are insufficient in the standardization. The purpose of this study is to measure reliability and validity of scale that can efficiently detect the anxiety patients in busy primary care setting. METHODS: With translation and assistance from psychiatrist, the questionnaire was developed. From March to July 2000, anxiety and control group at the department of family medicine in Seoul Joongang Hospital were tested with the questionnaire. After one week later, test was retaken. Reliability was verified by calculating Kappa value. Also validity was verified by comparing the scores between the anxiety group and the control group. Then sensitivity and specificity were evaluated, and the cutoff point was determined. RESULTS: Kappa values were ranging from 0.65 to 0.88. For each cutoff point 3, 4, 5, and 6 in total items, sensitivities were 99%, 97%, 82%, 64% and specificities were 55%, 75%, 94%, 98%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We translated an Goldberg's anxiety screening scale and estimated its reliability and validity. As the purpose was screening, we determined score 5 as the best cutoff points.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Primary Health Care ; Psychiatry ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: In this study we evaluated the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) in eyes with uveitic glaucoma (UG) compared with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 60 eyes with UG and 402 eyes with POAG that were followed up for at least 1 year after trabeculectomy with MMC between June 2000 and December 2012. The review included intraocular pressure (IOP), number of anti-glaucoma medications, and postoperative complications. Surgical success was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier life-table method based on 2 definitions of successful IOP control with topical anti-glaucoma medications: Definition A (IOP < or = 15 mm Hg) and Definition B (IOP < or = 18 mm Hg). Risk factors for surgical failure of trabeculectomy were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Success rate at 5 years after trabeculectomy was lower in UG than in POAG (65.8% vs. 76.4%, Definition B), but without significant difference. However, UG had a significantly lower cumulative probability of success than POAG based on Kaplan-Meier survival curves (p = 0.049 and 0.044, respectively). Postoperative hypotony and hypotony maculopathy was more frequent in UG (p = 0.044 and 0.044, respectively). In UG, the Cox proportional hazards model showed postoperative shallow anterior chamber was associated with surgical failure in both Definition A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term results of trabeculectomy with MMC in eyes with UG showed successful IOP control similar to POAG. Trabeculectomy with MMC is a reasonable surgical option for the management of UG.
Anterior Chamber ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Trabeculectomy*

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

BACKGROUND: Anesthesiologists should understand the physiology of intraocular pressure and the implications of anesthetic drugs and maneuvers on intraocular pressure(IOP). Although most anesthetics reduce IOP, succinylcholine causes a transient but significant increase in IOP. And thiopental by itself does not prevent to increase blood pressure, IOP. This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of propofol on IOP changes during tracheal intubation. METHODS: IOP was measured with a hand-held applanation tonometer in the eye. Baseline(control) IOP was measured before the induction of anesthesia(stage 1) and serial measurements of IOP were made after administration of the induction agent before intubation(stage 2), immediately after intubation(stage 3) and 10 minutes after intubation(stage 4). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were recorded simultaneously. According to induction agent and neuromuscular blocker, the 60 patients were divided into control group(C; thiopental, succinylcholine), pretreatment group(T) using defasciculation dose of vecuronium bromide, propofol group(P; propofol, succinylcholine) and vecuronium group(V; propofol, vecuronium bromide). RESULTS: Administration of either propofol or thiopenal resulted in a significant reduction in IOP(P<0.01). At stage 2, IOP of gpoup P and V were significantly lower than that of group C(P<0.05). At stage 3, IOP increased significantly compared to the values of stage 1 in all group(P<0.01). At stage 4, IOP decreased significantly compared to the values of stage 1 in all group(P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups in IOP at stage 4. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol may be a useful induction agent of general anesthesia for opthalmic surgery, but cannot prevent to increase IOP during endotracheal intubation.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Physiology ; Propofol* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide

No abstract available.
Appendix* ; Carcinoid Tumor*

Background: The number of elderly people with comorbidities who experience dysphagia associated with geriatric disorders, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s dementia, is increasing. Consequently, the demand for long-term prescriptions of powdered medications is expected to rise. Most patients procure repackaged prescription medications from pharmacies; however, the guidelines regarding their expiration dates are unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess awareness among adults regarding the expiration dates and drug stability issues associated with repackaged prescription medications, including powdered medications. Methods: A questionnaire with 16 components was designed and distributed online (August 1-September 1, 2019) to adults aged 19 years or older. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis and chi-square test, were conducted on the obtained data. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data from 254 respondents were analyzed; 191 (75.20%) respondents worked in non-healthcare-related fields. A significant number of healthcare workers recognized the stability issues associated with powdered medications (p<0.001). However, a large proportion of healthcare workers were not aware of the expiration dates (p>0.05). Conclusions More than half of the total respondents, including healthcare workers, were not familiar with the appropriate expiration dates of repackaged prescription medications. The establishment of evidence-based guidelines regarding drug expiration dates and the dissemination of awareness among patients are required. Furthermore, clinical practices including repackaging or pulverizing medications for long-term prescriptions should be avoided owing to the associated drug stability issues.

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as a safe, economical tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, about 30% of the samples are categorized as indeterminate. Hence, many immunocytochemistry markers have been studied, but there has not been a single outstanding marker. We studied the efficacy of CD56 with human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in diagnosis in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III. METHODS: We reviewed ThinPrep liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with Papanicolaou stain from July 1 to December 31, 2016 (2,195 cases) and selected TBSRTC category III cases (n = 363). Twenty-six cases were histologically confirmed as benign (six cases, 23%) or malignant (20 cases, 77%); we stained 26 LBC slides with HBME-1 and CD56 through the cell transfer method. For evaluation of reactivity of immunocytochemistry, we chose atypical follicular cell clusters. RESULTS: CD56 was not reactive in 18 of 20 cases (90%) of malignant nodules and showed cytoplasmic positivity in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. CD56 showed high sensitivity (90.0%) and relatively low specificity (83.3%) in detecting malignancy (p = .004). HBME-1 was reactive in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of malignant nodules and was not reactive in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. HBME-1 showed slightly lower sensitivity (85.0%) than CD56. The specificity in detecting malignancy by HBME-1 was similar to that of CD56 (83.3%, p = .008). CD56 and HBME-1 tests combined showed lower sensitivity (75.0% vs 90%) and higher specificity (93.8% vs 83.3%) in detecting malignancy compared to using CD56 alone. CONCLUSIONS: Using CD56 alone showed relatively low specificity despite high sensitivity for detecting malignancy. Combining CD56 with HBME-1 could increase the specificity. Thus, we suggest that CD56 could be a useful preoperative marker for differential diagnosis of TBSRTC category III samples.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Bone Marrow ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Nodule