Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of attitude and practice regarding sexual health care in patients with cancer among nurses. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Participants were 152 nurses who care patients with cancer at a general hospital in Gangwon province. Data were collected from November 7 to 10, 2016 using self-report questionnaire including each 17 item of sexual health care scale-practice and attitude. Results: The subjects’ average age was 29.8±6.3 years, and oncology nursing experience was 7.3±6.2 years. Nurses’ attitude was the average score of 26.6 out of 51. Practice was 2.63 out of 21. Formal education about sexual health care (t=2.01, P=0.048) had significant influenced on nurses’ attitude and age (F=4.45, P=0.013) and working site (F=3.28, P=0.013) on nurses’ practice. The relationship between nurses´attitude and practice toward cancer patients´ sexual health nursing was statistically significant (r=0.33, P=0.001). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that it is imminent for nurses to acquire various information about sexual problems with patients during cancer treatment. Educational programs for sexual health care for nurses need to be developed to provide cancer patients to improve their sexual health.

BACKGROUND: Several antibiotics can be used to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB-VAP) including high-dose sulbactam. However, the effectiveness of high-dose sulbactam therapy is not well known. We report our experience with high-dose sulbactam for treatment of CRAB-VAP. METHODS: Medical records of patients with CRAB-VAP who were given high-dose sulbactam between May 2013 and June 2015 were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients with CRAB-VAP were treated with high-dose sulbactam. The mean age was 72.0 ± 15.2 years, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 15.1 ± 5.10 at the time of CRAB-VAP diagnosis. Early clinical improvement was observed in 65.5% of patients, and 30-day mortality was 29.3%. Early clinical failure (odds ratio [OR]: 8.720, confidence interval [CI]: 1.346-56.484; p = 0.023) and APACHE II score ≥ 14 at CRAB-VAP diagnosis (OR: 10.934, CI: 1.047-114.148; p = 0.046) were associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose sulbactam therapy may be effective for the treatment of CRAB-VAP. However, early clinical failure was observed in 35% of patients and was associated with poor outcome.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; APACHE ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated* ; Sulbactam*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate working condition in way of measuring working posture and muscle tension using the desktop personal computer and notebook personal computer having different screen height. METHOD: Seventeen healthy men performed wordprocessing task in three workstation: desktop PC on the conventional computer table (DPC (on)); desktop PC under the 'inside' type computer table (DPC (under)); notebook PC on the table (NPC). The viewing distance and angle, head and neck angle, thoracic bending and trunk inclination were measured. Muscle tension of right posterior neck muscle, upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and upper back muscle was also measured by integrated electromyogram (IEMG). RESULTS: 1) The viewing distance was the longest in DPC (under). 2) The lower the screen height, the more downward viewing angle and more flexed position in upper neck. 3) The posterior neck muscle tension was the lowest in DPC (on). 4) Stooped position was most frequently seen in NPC and the highest tension of posterior neck muscle and upper back muscle was shown in NPC. 5) In relation between postural analysis and muscle tension, muscle tension decreased with increasing backward reclining position, and the neck and thorax became more erect with increasing in viewing distance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the stooped posture was worst and most frequently seen in NPC. If neck flexion is avoided, DPC (under) position could lessen the visual and musculoskeletal problem. More Ergonomical study would be needed about working posture using computer.
Back Muscles ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Muscle Tonus* ; Neck ; Neck Muscles ; Posture* ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Thorax

Complicated crown fractures of maxillary anterior teeth caused by trauma in adolescence can cause functional and aesthetic problems. For crown fractures with pulp exposure, various restorative methods can be considered depending on the amount of remaining tooth structure. Direct resin restorations are the most traditional and effective method, but they are likely to discolor and break over time. Fixed prosthesis have a high possibility of re-restoration due to marginal disharmony due to tooth movement during the growth period, and restorations using post which are mainly performed for extensive crown fractures increase the risk of root perforation and root fracture. However, endocrown is an integrated structure that gains retention force from the pulp space, enabling effective reconstruction from a biomechanical perspective and providing advantages in restoring function and aesthetics.Therefore, endocrown can be considered as a restoration method for complicated crown fractures caused by trauma in adolescence.

Hyperglycemic state frequently presents with neurologic manifestations including choreoathetosis, ballismus, dysphagia, seizures, and coma. Also, hyperglycemic hemianopia has been rarely reported to cause temporary damage to the visual cortex, resulting in homonymous hemianopia. A 65-year-old man was admitted because of right homonymous hemianopia accompanied by hyperglycemia. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography showed focal hyperperfusion in the left occipital lobe. Herein we report a case of reversible homonymous hemianopia with cerebral hyperperfusion associated hyperglycemia without seizure.

PURPOSE: Mantoux test was widely used to identify the tuberculosis. But no reliable method exists for distinguishing tuberculin reactions caused by previous BCG vaccination from those caused by mycobacterial infections. So we studied Mantoux response in infants who had received BCG vaccination in the first month of life. METHODS: Mantoux testing was carried out in 143 healthy infants aged from 3 to 15months who had received BCG vaccination in the first month of life. Among them, 81 received Japan 172 strain BCG vaccination with multiple puncture method and 62 Copenhagen 1331 strain with intradermal method. RESULTS: The mean Mantoux reactions in the Japan 172 strain group were as follows : 10.0mm at 3 months, 9.7mm at 4-6months, 11.4mm at 7-9months, and 10.5mm at 10-15months. The mean Mantoux reactions in the Copenhagen 1331 strain group were as follows : 7.6mm at 3 months, 7.5mm at 4-6months, 7.5mm at 7-9months, and 6.8mm at 10-15months. Infants who received Japan strain had significantly larger sized induration in all ages. About 50% of Japan strain BCG-vaccinated infants had more than 10mm of tuberculin reaction. CONCLUSION: Infants who received Japan strain had significantly larger sized tuberculin reaction in all ages. Although the size of induration is more than 10mm in Tokyo strain BCG-vaccinated child, vaccine effect should be generally considered.
BCG Vaccine ; Child ; Humans ; Infant* ; Japan ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Punctures ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between Ni-Cr alloy and composite resin using universal adhesive systems coMPared to conventional method using metal primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, a total of 120 cast commercial Ni-Cr alloy (Vera Bond 2V) disks were embedded in acrylic resin, and their surfaces were smoothed with silicon carbide papers and airborne-particle abrasion. Specimens of each metal were divided into 6 groups based on the combination of metal primers (Metal primer II, Alloy primer, Metal & Zirconia primer, MKZ primer) and universal adhesive systems (Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37degrees C for 24 hours. Shear bond strength testing was performed with a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1 m/min. Data (MPa) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences between Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal, Metal Primer II and Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Metal & Zirconia Primer (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Universal Adhesive system groups indicated high shear bond strength value bonded to Ni-Cr alloy than that of conventional system groups using primers except Metal Primer II. Within the limitations of this study, improvement of universal adhesive systems which can be applied to all types of restorations is recommended especially non-precious metal alloy. More research is needed to evaluate the effect of silane inclusion or exclusion in universal adhesive systems.
Adhesives ; Alloys* ; Head ; Water

An 8-year-old male was admitted because of dysphagia and substernal pain suffered while eating followed by postprandial vomiting for 2 years. He was always hungry due to postprandial vomiting and willing to eat again just after vomiting. After this meals, he used to jump up and down to shake off the substernal discomfort. A narrowing of the gastroesophageal junction was noted by esophagogram. Manometry revealed high Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure (51.6mmHg), incomplete LES relaxation during swallowing, loss of esophageal peristalsis and a positive pressure of the esophageal body compared to intragastric pressure. After the 1st balloon dilatation, symptoms were much improved even though LES pressure still remained high (37.2mmHg). About 2 months after the 1st balloon dilatation, symptoms relapsed and we managed him with a 2nd balloon dilatation. Symptoms were more improved than after the 1st dilatation and LES pressure normalized as well. Since the 2nd dilatation, symptoms have not recurred for 3 years. We present an 8-year-old boy with achalasia successfully managed by the use balloon dilatation.
Child ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dilatation* ; Eating ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Humans ; Male ; Manometry ; Meals ; Peristalsis ; Relaxation ; Vomiting

The aim of this study was to develop various types of a dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) for estimating the habitual sodium intake and to evaluate the validity of a 125 item dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ 125) with the DFQ 70, DFQ 36 and DFQ 15. For the DFQ 125, one hundred and twenty five dish items were selected based on the information of sodium content of a one serving size, consumption frequency and dish items that contributed most to the variation of sodium intake. Frequency of consumption was determined through nine categories ranging from more than 3 times a day to almost never to indicate how often the specified amount of each food item was consumed during the past 6 months. The sodium intake estimated with DFQ 125 was 5775.0 +/- 3636.3mg, 12.6% higher than that estimated with a 24 hr urine analysis (5009.7 +/- 1541.9mg) and significant correlation was observed between them (r = 0.3315, p < 0.001). When sodium content in broth leftover was subtracted from the total intake, the actual sodium intakes was decreased to 5309.6 +/- 3076.6mg, which was 3.2% higher than that with a 24-hr urine analysis. Overall, 56% of subjects in the lowest quintile of sodium intake computed with DFQ 125 were also in the lowest of adjacent quintile while categorization into the opposite quintile were 4.9%. DFQ 70 was developed from DFQ 125 by omitting the food items not frequently consumed, selecting the dish items that showed higher sodium content per one portion size and higher consumption frequency. The sodium intake estimated with DFQ 70 (5026.6 +/- 3107.1mg) showed only 0.2% difference from that estimated with a 24-hr urine analysis, significant correlation with it (r = 0.3199, p < 0.001) and higher proportion of subjects to be classified into the same or adjacent quintile. The sodium intake estimated with DFQ 36 or DFQ 15 was also significancy correlated with that estimated with a 24-hr urine analysis (r = 0.3441, p < 0.001; r = 0.321, p < 0.001 respectively) and more. The proportion of subjects was classified into the same or adjacent quintile. However, the actual sodium intake estimated with DFQ 36 or DFQ 15 were 3534.0 +/- 1804.6mg and 2508.0 +/- 1261.5mg, respectively, 31.3% or 51.3% less than that estimated with a 24-hr urine analysis. It seems the DFQ 125 with subtraction of sodium content in broth leftover or DFQ 70 can be used quantitatively to estimate sodium intake of adults. DFQ 36 or DFQ 15 can be used as a screening tool or to assess the changes of sodium intake after nutrition education.
Adult* ; Education ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Portion Size ; Serving Size ; Sodium*

BACKGROUND: The intrapleural instillation of tetracycline for pleural sclerosis had been most commonly used in patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion or recurrent pneumothorax for a long time. Unfortunately, at a time of expanding use of this agent, the production of injectable tetracycline hydrochloride used for pleurodesis was discontinued by its sole manufacturer in mid-1991 because the manufacturer was unable to meet US Food and Drug Administration purity standards. So we performed a preliminary study of doxycycline, as a alternative pleural sclerosant on rabbit pleura and compared its efficacy with that of tetracycline. METHOD: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2 to 3kg(mean 2.6kg) were divided into three groups. In each groups, one tetracycline(20 mg/ml/kg) and two doxycycline solutions(7 mg/ml/kg and 20 mg/ml/kg) instillated into the right pleural space through an 18-gauge angiocath with care to prevent pneumothorax. All rabbits were sacrificed after 28 days. RESULTS: 1) In the group of tetracycline 20 mg/ml/kg(six rabbits), five rabbits showed partial pleural symphysis with several fibrous bands, and one rabbit died on 22th day. 2) In the group of doxycycline 7 mg/ml/kg(six rabbits), three rabbits showed partial pleural symphysis and the other three rabbits showed complete pleural symphysis without necrosis of underlying parenchymal lung tissue. 3) In the group of doxycycline 20 mg/ml/kg(six rabbits), two rabbits showed complete pleural symphysis without lung necrosis, another two rabbits showed complete pleural symphysis with lung necrosis, and the other two rabbits died on 4th and 13th day, respectively. CONCLUSION: We concluded that doxycycline is a highly effective sclerosing agent having stronger pleurodesis effect with that of tetracycline by dose base and its optimal dosage was considered as 7 mg/ml/kg with minimal complications.
Doxycycline* ; Humans ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; Pleurodesis* ; Pneumothorax ; Rabbits ; Sclerosis ; Tetracycline ; United States Food and Drug Administration