Endocervicosis refers to the presence of benign mucinous glands of endocervical type in ectopic site. It is rare and usually detected incidentally by histologic examination. The urinary bladder is the most common site, but peritoneum, small bowel, abdominal scar, outer wall of the cervix, vagina, and lymph nodes have been documented. Because this is the first documented report of endocervicosis arising in the rectus muscle in korea, we report this with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Cervix Uteri ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucins ; Muscles ; Peritoneum ; Urinary Bladder ; Vagina

No abstract available.
Intestinal Volvulus* ; Pregnancy*

Biomaterial surfaces can be characterized by their chemical, morphologic, and electrical surface features. The adhesion and proliferation of different types of mammarian cells on various surfaces depends on polymer surface characteristics like water wettability and charge. In clinical aspect, bone to bone cement interface loosening has been one of the causes of failure of the prosthetic implantation. In this study, the bone cement was, thus, modified by mixing a monomer with amino group, which is a positively charged chemical group, to improve cellular adhesion and proliferation and to decrease bone to bone cement interface loosening. To incorporate amino-charged groups in the bone cement, we used dimethylaminoethyl- metacrylate (DAEMA) as a adding material. As experimental materials, CMW1 bone cement (control) and CMW1 mixed with monomer containing 1mol% dimethylaminoethylmetacrylate (DMA1) and CMW1 mixed with monomer containing 3mo1% dimethylaminoethylmetacrylate (DMA3) were used. To estimate the wettability of surface of bone cement, water contact angle was measured using contact angle goniometer and water absorption was measured using the disc samples. Osteoblasts were isolated from neonatal, Spraque-Dawley rat calvaria. After 3 culturing passages, the osteoblasts were plated on the cement disks, which are placed in a 24-well tissue-culture plate, at a density of 1 X 10 (5) cells/cm. After culturing for 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours, the number of attached cells on each cement discs were counted and cell morphologies were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). No significant difference in the water contact angle (63-64degrees) is statistically found between 3 groups (P>0.05). The water absorbencies of DMA1 (3.61+/-0.28%) and DMA3 (6.70+/-0.56%) were higher than that of the control (2.59+/-0.21%). Diametral tensile strength were decreased at DMA1 and DMA3 groups in comparing with control and that of DMA3 was smallest (P< 0.05). After culturing 2 hrs, the cell areas of control group was 158.1+/-64.2mm (2), while those of DMA1 and DMA3 were 280.4+/-102.2 and 665+/-209.8mm (3) and the shape factor of control was 0.391+/-0.184, while those of DMA1 and DMA3 were 0.179+/-0.056 and 0.274+0.144, respectively. The osteoblasts that cultured on the DMA1 and DMA3 cement discs were well spread and flattened than control cement discs at each culturing periods. Attached cell number on DMA1 and DMA3 cement plates were increased than that of control cement disc (P<0.05). There is, however, no significant difference between DMA1 and DMA3 (P>0.05) at each culturing period. In summary, well spread osteoblasts and increased attachment and growth of them were observed, when they were plated on the amino-charged cement discs. The histocompatibility of the amino-charged cements may increase the attachment between bone and cement. However, mechanical strength may decrease due to higher water absorbency. The author will further study to find the material that is cytocompatible and that does not lead to deteriorate mechanical properties.
Absorption ; Animals ; Bone Cements* ; Cell Count ; Histocompatibility ; Osteoblasts* ; Polymers ; Rats ; Skull ; Tensile Strength ; Water ; Wettability

This study was aimed to investigate whether soy protein hydrolysates had beneficial effects on serum and tissue lipid contents and appetite-related hormones as compared with intact soy protein. Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93M diet containing high fat (18% w/w) with low protein (10% w/w). After four weeks, the rats were divided into four groups (n = 8/group) and fed experimental diets with different nitrogen sources and levels, respectively; 10% soy protein isolate (10SPI), 25% soy protein isolate (25SPI), 25% soy protein hydrolysates (25SPH) and 25% soy macro-peptide fractions (25SPP, MW > or = 10,000) for six weeks. Weight gain was significantly higher in 25% nitrogen sources-fed groups than in 10% group (10SPI). In 25SPP, perirenal fat mass and serum total lipid were significantly lower than in other groups. As for appetite-related hormones, serum ghrelin concentration was not shown to be different among groups but leptin concentration was significantly decreased in 25SPP. It can be concluded that soy macro-peptide fractions as compared with intact soy protein may have beneficial effects on reducing fat mass and serum lipid.
Animals ; Appetite ; Diet ; Ghrelin ; Humans ; Leptin ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Nitrogen ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Soybean Proteins ; Weight Gain

Purpose: To compare the degree of meibomian gland drop-out associated with Demodex infestation using non-contact meibography. Methods: We performed noncontact meibography using an infrared digital camera on 24 adult subjects infested by Demodex and 40 without infestation. The right upper and lower lids were scored based on the loss of meibomian glands, and the scores of the upper and lower eyelids were summed to obtain the total meiboscore for each subject. Meiboscores were evaluated according to Demodex infestation and gender in each group. Results: Sixty-four eyes of 64 people were enrolled in this study. The study subjects had an average age of 67.9 years (range, 40-79 years; men, 65.2 years; women, 69.1 years). There was a significant association between Demodex infestation and total meiboscore and upper and lower eyelid meiboscores (p = 0.000, p = 0.002, p = 0.004, respectively). There was no significant difference in the meiboscores between men and women. Age and meiboscore suggested a weak positive correlation; however, the R2 value was low, due to the concentrated age distribution of the study population. Conclusions Based on noncontact meibography, the authors concluded that the prevalence of changes in the meibomian glands was significantly related to Demodex infestation; however, there was no significant difference between men and women.

Pseudochylothorax is an uncommon pleural effusion disease characterized by the presence of cholesterol crystals or high lipid content not resulting from a disrupted thoracic duct. Most of the cases reported so far had been found in patients with long-standing pleural effusion due to a chronic inflammatory disease such as old tuberculous pleurisy or chronic rheumatoid pleurisy. Authors encountered a case of pseudochylothorax in a 45-year-old man who had been treated for tuberculous pleurisy 6 years before his visit to authors' hospital. After that, he had visited the emergency department many times for removal of pleural effusion. The patient's chest X-ray revealed dyspnea and large left-sided pleural effusion. Although a large amount of pleural fluid was removed with a drainage catheter, massive pleural effusion was likely to recur, and the underlying lung was able to fully re-expand. Accordingly, decortication was done, and the patient's symptom was improved without postoperative complications.
Catheters ; Cholesterol ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleurisy ; Postoperative Complications ; Thoracic Duct ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pleural*

A palpable mass in lower abdomen of a neonate or an infant can be most frequently considered as an inguinal hernia, whereas pediatric adnexal torsion is less commonly considered in differential diagnosis but can occur. Pediatric adnexal torsion may be difficult to diagnose clinically but the immediate diagnosis may lead to more frequent salvage of affected adnexa. Sonography is the preferred imaging study. It usually confirms a pelvic mass but may not establish the diagnosis. The correct diagnosis of adnexal torsion is often made at exploration. Therapy for adnexal torsion remains controversial. While extirpation has been the standard of treatment in the past, there are current proponents of conservative therapy with adnexal preservation.
Abdomen ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristic MR imaging findings of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor(DNT). MATERIALS & METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed MR images and pathologic findings of seven patients(five maleand two female, mean age 22) with surgically proven DNTs. We analyzed the location, size, configuration, signal intensity and contrast enhancement of nodules and accompanying calcifications, surrounding edema and calvarialchanges. RESULTS: All tumors were located in the cortical and subcortical portions of the temporal lobes. Most tumors showed small well-demarcated gyriform cystic nodules with almost the same signal intensity as that of the cerebrospinal fluid. Nodule margins were more sharply delineated on T2 than on T1-weighted images because on the former the peripheral portion of nodules shows high signal intensity. None of the patients showed surrounding edema or mass effect. On contrast-enhanced study, one of five patients showed subtle peripheral enhancement. Two patients showed included dense calcified nodules adjacent to cystic nodules, and two showed overlying calvarial thinning. CONCLUSION: Multiple small gyriform intracortical cystic nodules and occasional dense nodular calcifications are the characteristic findings of DNTs, and these may be differentiated from other focal lesion sin patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with the help of MR imaging.
Edema ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial* ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Lobe

OBJECTIVES: To estimate time-variant reproductive number (Rt) of coronavirus disease 19 based on either number of daily confirmed cases or their onset date to monitor effectiveness of quarantine policies. METHODS: Using number of daily confirmed cases from January 23, 2020 to March 22, 2020 and their symptom onset date from the official website of the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the district office, we calculated Rt using program R’s package “EpiEstim”. For asymptomatic cases, their symptom onset date was considered as -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2 days of confirmed date. RESULTS: Based on the information of 313 confirmed cases, the epidemic curve was shaped like ‘propagated epidemic curve’. The daily Rt based on Rt_c peaked to 2.6 on February 20, 2020, then showed decreased trend and became <1.0 from March 3, 2020. Comparing both Rt from Rt_c and from the number of daily onset cases, we found that the pattern of changes was similar, although the variation of Rt was greater when using Rt_c. When we changed assumed onset date for asymptotic cases (-2 days to +2 days of the confirmed date), the results were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Rt can be estimated based on Rt_c which is available from daily report of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimation of Rt would be useful to continuously monitor the effectiveness of the quarantine policy at the city and province levels.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate time-variant reproductive number (Rt) of coronavirus disease 19 based on either number of daily confirmed cases or their onset date to monitor effectiveness of quarantine policies. METHODS: Using number of daily confirmed cases from January 23, 2020 to March 22, 2020 and their symptom onset date from the official website of the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the district office, we calculated Rt using program R’s package “EpiEstim”. For asymptomatic cases, their symptom onset date was considered as -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2 days of confirmed date. RESULTS: Based on the information of 313 confirmed cases, the epidemic curve was shaped like ‘propagated epidemic curve’. The daily Rt based on Rt_c peaked to 2.6 on February 20, 2020, then showed decreased trend and became <1.0 from March 3, 2020. Comparing both Rt from Rt_c and from the number of daily onset cases, we found that the pattern of changes was similar, although the variation of Rt was greater when using Rt_c. When we changed assumed onset date for asymptotic cases (-2 days to +2 days of the confirmed date), the results were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Rt can be estimated based on Rt_c which is available from daily report of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimation of Rt would be useful to continuously monitor the effectiveness of the quarantine policy at the city and province levels.