Ischemia results when the decrease in tissue perfusion exceeds the tissues ability to increase an oxygen extraction from the blood. Brain edema has been defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid within brain parenchyma associated with a volumetric enlargement of the brain tissue. In most instances, the labelling of edema as vasogenic or cytotoxic is only relative. For cerebral protection, there were many possible techniques which could increase or maintain cerebral perfusion and reduce cerebral metabolic demand for oxygen. This study was carried out the effect of mild
Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Edema ; Ischemia ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Tissues

Lymphomatoid papulosis, first described by Macaulay in 1558 is a chronic disease characterized by the recurrent self-healing papulonecrotic or nodular skin lision, showing histological features of malignant lymphoma. The clinical course is variable, with rogression to disseminated malignant lymphoma in up to 10-20% of patients. Ki-1 appears to the a representative marker for large cells ir lymphomatoid papulosis and these cells can be detected in l-1 lymphorna, Hodgkins diseasen other disorders with aetivated T cells. However, positive Ki-1 staining is useful for supporting a diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis, under the appropriate clinical and histopathologic findings. We report a case of positive lymphomatoid papulosis which is characterized by the typical findings of clinical, histojpathological and immunohistochemica sizdies.
Chronic Disease ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes

PSTT has been established as a separate entity distinct from choriocarcinoma since 1983, because of its different morphological features, biologic behavior and response to chemotherapy. Most cases of PSTT have indolent clinical courses, but there have been several reports showing malignant behavior resulted in death of the patient. We report a case of PSTT showing vaginal metastatis. In biopsy specimen, it was difficult to make differential diagnosis from squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix due to uniform and mononuclear cytologic characteristics. Immunohistochemical stains for hPL and hCG were not typical for either PSTT or choriocarcinoma. We suggest that poorly differentiated PSTT may synthesize the lesser amount of hPL than typical PSTT and it may behave more aggressively.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Biopsy

Ten healthy adult female patients scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy were evaluated for their rates and degrees of absorption following subarachnoid administration of 150 mg of 5% lidocaine in 5% dextrose solution. The mean blood concentrations of lidocaine measured at 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after subarachnoid administration were 0.34+/-0.23, 0.78+/-0.27, 1.10+/-0.26, 1.24+/-0.24 and 1.07+/-0.19 mcg/ ml, respectively. The mean values of Cmax and Tmax obtained from these measurements were 1.30+/- 0.21 mcg/ml and 57+/-17 minutes, respectively. These results revealed that in comparison with other regional administration, absorption of lidocaine follwing subarachnoid injection is slower.
Absorption ; Adult ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lidocaine*

To test the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia and/or abnormalities of red cell membrane Na^+ transport are concerned in the pathogenesis of hypertension, we investigated the relationship between blood pressure, insulin level and red cell membrane Na^+ transport in patients with acromegaly which is frequently associated with hypertension, hyperinsulinemia and abnormalities of red cell membrane Na^+ transport.The results were as follows;1) BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in patients with acromegaly than in control subjects.2) Fasting glucose and insulin levels were higher, and both serum glucose and insulin responses after a 75g glucose load were significantly increased in patients with acromegaly as compared with control subjects.3) Vmax of Na^+-Li^+ countertransport were significantly higher in patients with acromegaly than in control subjects while red cell Na^+ concentration and Vmax of Na^+, K^+ ATPase were similar in the two groups.4) In multiple stepwise regression analysis, age was directly correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in acromegaly. On the other hand both insulin level and red cell membrane Na^+ transport showed little correlation with either systolic or diastolic pressure. 5) Prevalence of hypertension in acromegaly was 39%(9 out of 23) and only age except for blood pressure was significantly higher in hypertensive acromegalic patients than in normotensive acromegalic patients while GH level, insulin levels and red cell membrane Na^+ transport were similar in the two groupsThese results suggest that hyperinsulinemia or abnormalities of red cell membrane Na^+ transport are not causally related to hypertension in patients with acromegaly.
Acromegaly ; Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cell Membrane ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Prevalence

Since human listeriosis was firstly described by Nyfeldt in 1929, Listeria monocytogenes as a cause of septic abortion has been well known. It primarily affects pregnant woman and neonates, the elderly, and persons with immune-system dysfunction due to immunosuppressive drugs, malignant tumors or AIDS. Although several large epidemic listeriosis have been reported in the English literatures, it is still an underdiagnosed and underreported cause of congenital sepsis and septic abortion, because it is not always easy to isolate the organism in culture. There are 17 cases reports of Listeria monocytogenes infection in Korea, however, most of which were described about the bascteriologically proven cases. We describe placental findings of a septic abortion caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 15 weeks gestation in a 23-year-old primigravida woman. Placental examination showed characteristic and relatively specific patterns of granulomatous microabscesses composed of necrotic nuclear debris in the center and surrounding epithelioid histocytes enmeshed in fibrin between the acutely inflamed villi. There were numerous gram positive bacilli on Brown-Brenn stain.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

Granulomatous(lobular) mastitis is a distinct disease entity of unknown etiology which is characterized by noncaseating granulomatous lobulocentric inflammation. We describe a rare case of granulomatous(lobular) mastitis of a 36 year-old pregnant woman a review of the literature. The mass which was discovered in the third month of her pregnancy, began as a localized, nontender mass on the left breast and persisted during her entire pregnancy. It decreased slightly in size when she began taking post-partum bromocriptine. Clinically and mammographically, the mass was highly suspected as a carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. Fine needle aspiration smears revealed numerous aggregates of granulomas composed of epithelioid histiocytes admixed with multinucleated giant cells of Langhans' and foreign body type, and collections of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Ziehl-Neelsen, silver methenamine and PAS stain were negative for acid-fast bacilli, fungus, and bacilli on the smear respectively. Histologically, granulomatous inflammation was centered on the breast lobules. Caseation necrosis was absent, instead, numerous microabscesses were formed in the center of the granulomas. Cultures of the fresh tissue for the AFB, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and fungus were all negative. Excision of the mass was performed without further treatment and there was no recurrence of the mass 6 months postoperatively. An autoimmune mechanism, infection, and some association with oral contraceptives have been suggested as etiologic factors in the literature.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 3, Human* ; Korea* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length*

The pure epithelioid malignant schwanoma is a rare form of malignant schwanoma and differs from the ordinary epithelioid malignant schwanoma because of the absence of a spindle cell component. We present a case of purely epithelioid malignant schwanoma arising in the parapharyngeal area from vagus nerve without difinite evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. The patient was a 28-year-old man with palpable right neck mass and swallowing difficulty during 2 years. The mass was an ovoid encapsulated tumor and measured 5x3x3 cm in dimension. The cut surface showed brownish tan homogeneous nodular appearance with partly myxoid area. Microscopically the tumor showed nodular pattern composed of epitheliod cells which were arranged in both tight clusters and stringy cords. The cells were ovoid in shape and had vesicular nuclei with single prominent eosinophilic nucleolei and sometimes abundant intracytoplasmic mucin. Mitoses were infrequent. Ultrastructural study showed rudimentary cell junction and degenerated cytoplasmic organelles including scattered mitochondriae, short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. There were no definite basement membrane and melanosome. Immunohistochemical study showed the cells being positive for S100 protein, neuron specific enolase and myelin basic protein and negative for cytokeratin.
Male ; Humans