Adenosis tumor is a ra re tumor of the breast and primarily consists of adenosis. Authors report a case of surgically proved adenosis tumor in a 31-year-old woman. Mammogram showed a Iobulated, well-circumscribed mass with several surrounding radiolucent halos. In the center of the mass several linear radiolucent densities were seen with the appearance of a conglomerated well-circumscribed mass such as fibroadenoma. These linear radiolucent densities were consistent with the fat between the fibrous sclerosis in pathologic specimen. Ultrasonogram showed a well-circumscribed mass with homogeneous low echogenicity, partial posterior enhancement, and bilateral acoustic shadowings.
Acoustics ; Adult ; Breast* ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Sclerosis ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Ultrasonography

In contrast to the nodular renal blastema which is defined by nests of primitive metanephric cells after 36 weeks of gestation, the nephroblastomatosis is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of the primitive cells. This lesion is presumed to be closely related to the development of Wilms' tumor. We report a case of bilateral nephroblastomatosis associated with Wilms' tumor in a child. This 4 1/2 year-old girl was admitted because of a 10 cm-sized round mass in the right kidney, and smaller nodules in the left kidney and the lung. After three cycles of chemotherapy and subsequent disappearance of the nodules in the left kidney and lung, she underwent a right nephrectomy and a wedge resection of the left kidney. A round Wilms' tumor mass was seen in the lower pole of the right kidney. Remaining right renal cortex showed multiple, slightly depressed gray-white nodules associated with multiple samll cysts. They were comprised of multifocal subcapsular nests of primitive nephrogenic cells with focal tubular or glomerular differentiation. They resembled fetal renal tissue. In the left kidney, similar nests of primitive cells were also noted. These lesions were interpreted as multifocal perilobar type of nephroblastomatosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVES : The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of computerized cognitive rehabilitation training on inpatients with schizophrenia in the rehabilitation unit. METHODS : Thirty-eight patients with schizophrenia from the Yongin Mental Hospital Rehabilitation Ward were randomly assigned either to a computerized cognitive rehabilitation group or to a control group. The rehabilitation group received 12 sessions of computerized cognitive rehabilitation training (Cog-Trainer) over 3 months. This training program consisted of ten units, each of which consisted of 3 levels, practice, application, and advanced. Neurocognitive functions were assessed at the beginning and end of the training period. Cognitive measures included Span of Apprehension (SPAN), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Digit Span, Trail Making Test, and the Stroop Test. RESULTS : Compared to controls, subjects receiving computerized cognitive rehabilitation training experienced a significant improvement in attention, concentration, and working memory. CONCLUSION : These results indicate that computerized cognitive rehabilitation training can contribute to improvement in cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia. Further study to generalize these results is required.
Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Memory, Short-Term ; Pilot Projects ; Schizophrenia ; Trail Making Test

BACKGROUND: The incidence of primary osteoarthritis of elbow is very low in individuals without work-related risk factors, and primary osteoarthritis of the elbow is rarely symptomatic. Because it is difficult to prove these conditions are work-related, the patients with work-related elbow osteoarthritis don't tend to be compensated in Korea. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 51-year old male, with an occupational history as a sledgehammer user for 23 years. He has been complaining of pain for 3 years. Physical examination of the elbow showed painful end-range motion and the radiographs showed osteophytes and, loose bodies, but relatively-preserved joint spaces, which were typical characteristic of primary osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: The authors report on a case of primary osteoarthritis of both elbows that was associated with repetitive high shear force due to long-term use of the sledgehammer.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Korea ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteophyte ; Physical Examination ; Risk Factors

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep duration, social jetlag (SJL), and subjective sleep disturbance according to the individual chronotype in rotating shift nurses. Methods: A total of 344 rotating 3-shift nurses (mean age 28.67 years) were recruited at one university affiliated hospital. They completed the following questionnaires, which were used to assess their chronotype and sleep: the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), self-reported sleep duration of work days (SDW shift) and free days (SDF shift) in each shift (day [D], evening [E], night [N]), and sleep disturbance (Insomnia severity index, ISI). SJL shift was calculated as the difference in midsleep (MS = sleep onset+1/2 sleep duration) between work days (MSW) and free days (MSF). Results: Subjects were divided into 3 chronotype groups according to the MEQ; morning (MG, 4.4%) intermediate (IG, 57.8%), and evening groups (EG, 37.8%). SDW D was shortest (4.68 hr) and SDF E was longest (8.93 hr) in the EG. SJL D was longest in the EG (3.77 hr), and SJL N was longest in the MG (7.37 hr). The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 33.3% (MG), 29.6% (IG), and 40.0% (EG), respectively, without any statistical significance. Conclusion In order to improve the sleep of shift workers, it is recommended that the evening chronotypes should reduce the day shifts and the morning chronotypes should reduce the night shifts. We also propose a study to determine whether these shift assignments can improve the sleep in shift nurses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep duration, social jetlag (SJL), and subjective sleep disturbance according to the individual chronotype in rotating shift nurses. Methods: A total of 344 rotating 3-shift nurses (mean age 28.67 years) were recruited at one university affiliated hospital. They completed the following questionnaires, which were used to assess their chronotype and sleep: the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), self-reported sleep duration of work days (SDW shift) and free days (SDF shift) in each shift (day [D], evening [E], night [N]), and sleep disturbance (Insomnia severity index, ISI). SJL shift was calculated as the difference in midsleep (MS = sleep onset+1/2 sleep duration) between work days (MSW) and free days (MSF). Results: Subjects were divided into 3 chronotype groups according to the MEQ; morning (MG, 4.4%) intermediate (IG, 57.8%), and evening groups (EG, 37.8%). SDW D was shortest (4.68 hr) and SDF E was longest (8.93 hr) in the EG. SJL D was longest in the EG (3.77 hr), and SJL N was longest in the MG (7.37 hr). The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 33.3% (MG), 29.6% (IG), and 40.0% (EG), respectively, without any statistical significance. Conclusion In order to improve the sleep of shift workers, it is recommended that the evening chronotypes should reduce the day shifts and the morning chronotypes should reduce the night shifts. We also propose a study to determine whether these shift assignments can improve the sleep in shift nurses.

Many young women suffer from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of isoflavone on serum sex hormone and PMS during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We investigated the incidence of PMS in 116 Korean female college students. The incidence of PMS was 19.8%. Among them, 9 PMS and 13 control were given 90 mg isoflavone per day during 2 menstrual cycles. The changes in anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, serum parameters including sex hormones, and PMS symptoms were observed. Isoflavone supplementation did not affect anthropometric measurements. However, SBP and DBP were significantly decreased in control. Dietary intakes were not changed after supplementation of isoflavones. Serum SHBG was lower in PMS group than in control and significantly decreased in control with isoflavone supplementation. PMS symptoms such as backache, sweet, salty, and fatty food craving, coffee/tea drinking, and anxiety were significantly lessened. Based on these results, isoflavone supplementation may benefit young women by reducing some of PMS. Further studies of soy isoflavones effect on sex hormone and PMS may help to prepare for PMS management.
Anxiety ; Back Pain ; Drinking ; Female* ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoflavones ; Luteal Phase ; Menstrual Cycle ; Premenstrual Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level has been recommended as the first diagnostic test for differentiating between ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS) and ACTH-dependent CS. When plasma ACTH values are inconclusive, a differential diagnosis of CS can be made based upon measurement of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) level and results of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDST). The aim of this study was to assess the utility of plasma ACTH to differentiate adrenal CS from Cushing' disease (CD) and compare it with that of the HDST results and serum DHEA-S level. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, multicenter study from January 2000 to May 2012 involving 92 patients with endogenous CS. The levels of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, 24-hour urine free cortisol (UFC) after the HDST, and serum DHEA-S were measured. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients had adrenal CS and 35 patients had CD. The area under the curve of plasma ACTH, serum DHEA-S, percentage suppression of serum cortisol, and UFC after HDST were 0.954, 0.841, 0.950, and 0.997, respectively (all P<0.001). The cut-off values for plasma ACTH, percentage suppression of serum cortisol, and UFC after HDST were 5.3 pmol/L, 33.3%, and 61.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma ACTH measurement were 84.2% and 94.3%, those of serum cortisol were 95.8% and 90.6%, and those of UFC after the HDST were 97.9% and 96.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Significant overlap in plasma ACTH levels was seen between patients with adrenal CS and those with CD. The HDST may be useful in differentiating between these forms of the disease, especially when the plasma ACTH level alone is not conclusive.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone* ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Dexamethasone ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion* ; Plasma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that can affect any organ, the exact cause of which is uncertain. Currently, investigations of crystalline silica improve the mechanism how it works the course of autoimmune diseases and some hypothesis supports that it also can attribute to sarcoidosis. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 53-year-old male, who works as a stonemason for 30 years. Sarcoidosis was suspected based on his chest X-ray and CT(Computed tomography). A biopsy was performed and he was indeed diagnosed with sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION: It is thought that sarcoidosis is more prevalent in the people who work at places with a risk of exposure to crystalline silica. This case suggests that if a patient gets sarcoidosis after being exposed to crystalline silica, or after once being diagnosed with silicosis, his or her sarcoidosis may have occurred due to exposure to crystalline silica.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Biopsy ; Crystallins ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; Sarcoidosis ; Silicon Dioxide ; Silicosis ; Thorax

Little data exists on metabolic syndrome (MetS) related with intake, especially for the South Korean. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for nutritional assessment in the population with MetS in South Korea. Randomly selected female participants, mean age 21.9 years (n = 38) were invited to answer the FFQ twice (FFQ1 and FFQ2) over a nine-month interval and to complete twelve-day diet records (DR) during the months between in South Korea. The correlation coefficients for nutrient intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2 varied from 0.253 (niacin) to 0.573 (cholesterol), and the energy intake-adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from 0.187 for protein to 0.662 for iron. The energy intake-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients for comparison of FFQ1 and the DRs ranged between 0.277 (vitamin B1) and 0.768 (fiber), and between 0.229 (zinc) and 0.859 (fat) for comparison of DRs with FFQ2. The percentages of study subjects classified into the same quartiles in both the DRs and FFQ1 ranged from 15.8% (vitamin B6) to 47.4% (calcium), and for the same quartiles in DRs and FFQ2 from 13.2% (vitamin B1) to 44.7% (potassium). The FFQ has reasonably good validity and reproducibility. Further research is needed for an assessment of reproducibility and validation of present FFQ in the subjects with MetS.
Diet Records ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Nutrition Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea