Bcl-2 oncoprotein is being localized to mitochondria and interfering with programmed cell death (apoptosis) independent of promoting cell division in the lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. The bcl-2 oncoprotein expression has been reported in follicular lymphomas as well as in diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia and a variable propotion of Hodgkin's lymphoma cases. Recent evidence suggests that some lymphomas protected from apoptosis is conferred through expression of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) latent membrane protein which turn to cause upregulation of bcl-2. To define the role of the bcl-2 oncoprotein and EBV in lymphoid malignancy, we tried immunohistochemical studies with anti-bcl-2 antibody and In situ hybridization (ISH) with EBV-encoded small nuclear RNAs(EBER) in the paraffin embedded sections of 46 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 20 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cases. Bcl-2 oncoprotein expression was found in 37 of 46 cases (80%) of NHL with relatively strong cytoplasmic staining, and in 14 of 20 cases (70%) of HL with weak cytoplasmic staining in limited small numbers of RS, Hodgkin and lacunar cells. The widespread presence of bcl-2 oncogene in many different types of both NHL and HL supports that the extended cell survival through overexpression of bcl-2 gene protein may be a growth advantage of neoplastic lymphoid cells. In the ISH analysis for EBV, the presence of EBV was detected in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of HL, compared to 6 of 44 cases(13.6%) of NHL. It appears to be no direct correlation between overexpression of bcl-2 oncoprotein by neoplastic lymphoid cells and the presence of EBV in NHL but it seems to be a definite association between EBV and HL.

The authors report two cases of clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. Two patients developed asymptomatic hepatitis and got better with conservative care. We decreased the dosage of clozapine and added hepatic protectors, resulting in normalized laboratory findings. The authors also reviewed side effects of clozapine in this report. We reviewed the suggested mechanism of either clozapine or chlorpromazine-induced hepatitis. Clozapine influences the liver cell via cytochrome P 450 and chlorpromazine does so via mild cholestasis. There may be a possibility that a patient who has experienced drug-induced hepatitis is vulnerable to clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. In this respect, those who have experienced drug-induced hepatitis must be observed more closely.
Chlorpromazine ; Cholestasis ; Clozapine ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver

The osteopoikilosis is commonly known as harmatoma in which metaphyseal and epiphyseal area of long bones and the bone of pelvis, hands, feet and et al, contain islands of dense cortical bone with normal Harversian system without any symptoms. The radiologic findings of the osteopoikilosis is multitude of oval or well-circumscribed areas of increased density, 2 to 10 mm in size, in symmetrical distribution and normal uptake in bone scan. Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, which is transmitted by autosomal dominant, is characterized by the association of osteopoikilosis and connective tissue nevi which are popular and symmetrically distributed lesions on chest, back, buttock, thigh or arm. Authors report three Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome, studied by CT scan, MRI, bone scan and bone and skin biopsy, among five patients associated with osteopoikilosis found by simple radiologic study from ten members in one family with their pedigree.
Arm ; Biopsy ; Buttocks ; Connective Tissue ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Islands ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nevus ; Osteopoikilosis ; Pedigree ; Pelvis ; Skin ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the long-term clinical outcome of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) in children according to their neurologic status. METHODS: The study retrospectively analyzed the data of 82 children (62 neurologically impaired and 20 neurologically normal children with primary gastroesophageal reflux disease) who had undergone LNF between 2003 and 2012. The main outcome measures were the occurrence of recurrence that required reoperation and post-procedure complications such as infections, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal complications including ileus, dysphagia, and delayed gastric emptying. RESULTS: The median age at the time of the LNF was 25 months (range, 1-192 months), and the median of body weight was 10.0 kg (range, 2.8-37.0 kg). The average weight gain was 1.55±1.68 kg at 6 months, 3.32±2.30 kg at 1 year, and 5.63±4.22 kg at 2 years after surgery. Six (9.7%) of the 62 neurologically impaired patients and two (10.0%) of neurologically normal lost their body weight or had no weight changes. Eight (12.9%) of the 62 neurologically impaired children had required redo surgery because of gastroesophageal reflux disease recurrences, while 2 (10.0%) of the 20 neurologically normal children had experienced recurrences. In the neurologically impaired children, the postoperative complications included pneumonia (n=1), wound infection (n=1), urinary tract infection (n=1), dysphagia (n=1), delayed gastric emptying (n=1), and ileus (n=2). All of these complications were not found in the neurologically normal group, except for only one case of infectious colitis. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The outcomes of laparoscopic fundoplication were similar in the neurologically impaired children and in the neurologically normal children.
Body Weight ; Child* ; Colitis ; Deglutition Disorders ; Fundoplication* ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Ileus ; Laparoscopy ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pneumonia ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Weight Gain ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare job satisfaction, quality of life (QOL), incident report rate and overtime hours for 12-hour shifts and for 8-hour shifts in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHODS: A descriptive survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 36 staff nurses from a PICU in a regional hospital in Korea. Data were collected using self-administrated questionnaires regarding job satisfaction and QOL at 6 months before and after the beginning of 12-hour shifts. Incident report rate and overtime hours for both 12-hour and 8-hour shifts were compared. Comparisons were made using chi2-test, paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: After 12-hour shifts were initiated, job satisfaction significantly increased (t=3.93, p<.001) and QOL was higher for nurses on 12-hour shifts compared to 8-hour (t=7.83, p<.001). There was no statistically significant change in incident report rate (chi2=0.15, p=.720). The overtimes decreased from 36.3+/-34.7 to 17.3+/-34.9 minutes (Z=-8.91, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results provide evidence that 12-hour shifts can be an effective ways of scheduling for staff nurses to increase job satisfaction and quality of life without increasing patient safety incidents or prolonged overtime work hours.
Intensive Care Units* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Korea ; Patient Safety ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Management*

OBJECTIVE: Korea Institute of Drug Safety and Risk Management works for signal detection and safety information generation by analyzing spontaneous adverse event reports database. As the number of reports and detected signals of aripiprazole by each data mining indices were more than other drugs, aripiprazole was selected as a subject of study. METHODS: 1989-2012 spontaneous reporting database was analyzed and the model drug ingredient was aripiprazole. We estimated proportional reporting ratio, reporting odds ratio, and information component for data mining. Then we assessed the causality through review of local and foreign drug labels and literatures. RESULTS: In reconstructed 1989-2012 spontaneous reporting database, there were 2,062 reports on aripiprazole and 2,565 aripiprazole-adverse events pairs. As a result of data mining analysis and signal prioritization, 78 adverse events were detected, 20 adverse events of them were not included in drug label. After literature review, back pain, epistaxis, xerophthalmia and ejaculation disorder were generated as novel safety information on aripiprazole. CONCLUSION: Those 4 novel safety informations of Aripiprazole, back pain, epistaxis, xerophthalmia and ejaculation disorder had become listed on the local label in April 2013.
Back Pain ; Data Mining ; Ejaculation ; Epistaxis ; Korea ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Management ; Xerophthalmia ; Aripiprazole

Advances in genomic processing technology have been applied to the human microbiota and have provided the understanding of the effect of the microbiota in human health and disease. Especially, studies of the gut microbiota have revealed that changes in gut microbiota are related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. With weight gain, there is an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Certain bacteria have increased the ability to ferment dietary substrates, thereby increasing hosts' energy intake and weight gain. After transplantation of microbiota from lean donors, insulin sensitivity of recipients increased along with proliferation of butyrate-producing intestinal microbiota. One important finding after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the relative overabundance of Proteobacteria, which is different with the changes seen in weight loss without bypass surgery. Due to the change of microbiota's composition after bypass surgery, the gut environment is changed to unfavorable for energy absorption including decrease of polysaccharide fermentation. Therefore this change may contribute to the improvement of insulin resistance and loss of body weight. According to these results, modifying the gut microbiota through diet, probiotics, fecal transplants, and surgery might be included as therapeutic options for the diseases linked to imbalance in the microbiota.
Absorption ; Bacteria ; Bacteroidetes ; Bariatric Surgery ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Fermentation ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Microbiota* ; Obesity ; Probiotics ; Proteobacteria ; Tissue Donors ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Thrombocytopenia*

Traumatic scars on skin covering areas of high movement, especially areas on the face, can be stressful for patients. We report two cases of traumatic scars that occurred on the chin, and that were successfully treated with a combined therapy of 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) and intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin. After the treatment, good cosmetic results were achieved in both patients. The only adverse effect during and after the treatments was mild pain, which resolved within several days without any additional treatment. In conclusion, the combination of 595-nm PDL and intramuscular botulinum toxin injection was shown to be a safe and effective treatment for traumatic scars on the mobile chin area in Korean patients.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Chin ; Cicatrix* ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Lasers, Dye* ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the vertical distance between umbilicus to aortic bifurcation on coronal view in Korean women and their relation with body mass index (BMI) and woman's age. METHODS: This retrospective study included 257 women who visited emergency center at university-based hospital from January to December 2011. All women underwent abdomino-pelvic computerized tomography (CT) due to various symptoms in a supine position. By using the electronic coronal CT images, the vertical distance between umbilicus and aortic bifurcation was measured. If aortic bifurcation was located below umbilicus, the distance was expressed as minus value (i.e., caudal to umbilicus). Age of woman, body weight, height and calculated BMI (kg/m2) were also recorded. RESULTS: Aortic bifurcation was located caudal to umbilicus in 52.9% and cephalad to umbilicus in 37.4%. The vertical distance had a negative relationship with BMI (r=.0.180, P=0.004), as well as woman's age (r=-0.382, P<0.001). However, a multivariate analysis revealed that the vertical distance had a significant negative relationship with woman's age (P<0.001) but not with BMI (P=0.510). An equation could be drawn to estimate the vertical distance by using woman's age and BMI: vertical distance (mm)=12.6-0.3x(age)-0.2x(BMI). CONCLUSION: The vertical distance from umbilicus to aortic bifurcation on coronal view showed a significant inverse correlation with woman's age, however, the distances varied widely. Most older or obese Korean women had aortic bifurcation caudal to umbilicus.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Supine Position ; Umbilicus*