Young adult stroke is not rare disease and have diverse causes. We studied 135 young adults aged 15 - 45 years who had been admitted to Severance Hospital with a diagnosis of cerebral infarction from January 1990 to June 1995. The results are as follows. 1. The diverse causes of earshot infarction in young adults have been found in most patients(88.2%). The major causes of cerebral infarction in young adults were atherosclerosis(32.6%) and cardioembolism(32.6%). The causes were significantly different between younger(15 - 30 years old) and older(31 - 45 years old) patients. 2. The major risk factors of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction were hypertension(29 patients), smoking(14 patients), and hyperlipidemia(11 patients). 3. The major causes of cardioembolism were valvular heart disease(21 patients) and prosthetic valve(I0 patients). The mitral valve prolapse was discovered only in one patient. 4. Fourteen patients had non-atherosclerotic vasculopathies. The moyamoya disease was the most common cause of them. 5. The other causes of cerebral infarction were found in 17 patients and the major causes were alcohol intoxication and postoperative thromboembolism. 6. The cerebral infarction occurred mostly in the carotid artery territory(95 patients) and the distribution of the involved vascular territory was not different between younger and older age groups. 7. The clinical outcomes were good in most patients (86, 7%). From the above results, we demonstrated that young adults with cerebral infarction had various causes and showed favorable clinical outcomes. We also found that the causes of cerebral infarction varied between younger and older groups. Our findings suggest that careful and thorough case-by-ease evaluation may be mandatory to clarify the causes of cerebral infarction in young adults.
Carotid Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Infarction ; Mitral Valve Prolapse ; Moyamoya Disease ; Rare Diseases ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Thromboembolism ; Young Adult*

Purpose: : This study aimed to comprehensively understand the work experience of the person in charge of the adequacy evaluation of small-and medium-sized hospitals and explore its meaning and essence in-depth. Methods: : This was a descriptive qualitative study. The study participants were 10 nurses who understood the purpose of this study and participated voluntarily. Data collection was conducted via in-depth interviews in January 2021. The interviews were conducted 1-2 times per participant and lasted approximately 40-50 minutes per session. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: : The work experience of the person in charge of the adequacy evaluation of small-and medium-sized hospitals included four themes: “difficulty in preparing for evaluation,” “negative views on evaluation,” “lack of a support system,” and “positive improvements and changes due to an evaluation.” Conclusion : Based on the above results, an education program and support system should be developed to strengthen the competence of nurses in charge of the adequacy evaluation of small- and medium-sized hospitals.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the predictive factors of COVID-19 vaccination behavior by evaluating the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: Data were collected from August 6 to August 31, 2022 from 235 college students (aged 20~29 years) across 12 universities using a structured web-based survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS and AMOS software. Results: Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination, subjective norms, and intention to be vaccinated significantly influenced COVID-19 vaccination behavior. Attitudes and subjective norms indirectly affected COVID-19 vaccination behavior through intention to vaccinate, whereas intention to vaccinate had a direct effect. The moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the relationship between subjective norms and intention to vaccinate was significant. Conclusion Interventions that foster a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and bolster subjective norms and perceived behavioral control can boost the intention to be vaccinated and facilitate the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.

Purpose: To identify the differences in perception of and adherence to the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guidelines among health care workers, patients, and the general public and to use them to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Methods: From October 16 2020 to November 30, 2020, a survey was conducted among 85 health care workers, 85 patients, and 82 general public regarding the perception of and adherence to the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guidelines. Results: Patients scored significantly higher than the general public in the adherence to the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guideline, and there was no difference between health care workers and general public, and patients and health care workers. In the multivariate analysis, the factors that influence the adherence of the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guide were found in women and the perception of the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guideline. Conclusion In order to promote the implementation of the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guideline, it is necessary to increase the perception of the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guideline and provide additional education in men. It is necessary to investigate the reason behind why men have low adherence to the COVID-19 social distancing behavior guideline.

This study was carried out to provide a basis for the development of a safety manual for kitchen accident prevention by identifying the safety situation and awareness through risk assessment of kitchen areas. The study was conducted in two phases. First, kitchen accidents and area risk assessment were investigated from February 2014 to September 2014, after which safety awareness of hospital foodservice employees was assessed in a survey. The results of this study were as followes. All of the respondents were women. The evaluation point of kitchen area risk assessment was reduced by 14%. After improvement, an initial score of 108 points decreased to 93 points. The number of accidents was also reduced by 78%; 14 accidents were decreased to three. The most common area of accidents was the kitchen area (58.8%), and burns was the most common accident (35.3%). Most of the employees deemed "enough staff" as the most major factor for good foodservice. "High indoor temperature and poor ventilation in the kitchen area" was chosen as the most common problem in the foodservice workplace. Taken together, our study quantitatively evaluated safety issues in hospital foodservice kitchen areas and provides a basis for the development of a safety manual for kitchen accident prevention.
Accident Prevention ; Burns ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Humans ; Risk Assessment* ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in patients who underwent the procedure. METHODS: Forty-eight patients scheduled to undergo unilateral TKA because of primary knee osteoarthritis were included in this study, which was conducted at a medical center between October 2006 and October 2009. In these 48 patients, 96 hips were evaluated. Measurement of BMD was performed preoperatively and one month, three months, six months, and one year after unilateral TKA. Repeated measured analysis of variance and paired t-tests for comparison of two repeated samples were used to compare differences between time points (preoperation, one, three, six, and 12 months) and between the operative and nonoperative sides. RESULTS: Preoperatively, BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip on the operative side were lower than on the nonoperative side; however, there was no statistical difference. BMD of both femoral neck areas was significantly lower than preoperative BMD at one month and three months after TKA. BMD of both trochanter areas was significantly lower than preoperative BMD at one month and three months after TKA. BMD of both total hips was significantly lower than preoperative BMD at three months after TKA. However, no statistical differences of changes in BMD were observed between the operative and nonoperative sides at each measurement time. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, TKA was found to affect both proximal femurs during the acute period. However, TKA did not affect a change in BMD of the proximal femur during one year postoperative.
Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/*adverse effects ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Female ; Femur Neck/*physiopathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANCE: The neurological manifestations associated with Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infection includes meningoencephalitis, Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS), Bell's palsy, myelopathy, and radiculopathy. To the best of our knowledge, the neurological manifestation associated with EBV infection has never been reported in Korea. Cases & RESULTS: We have found five patients (3 men, 2 women, mean age 28.4 years ; range 23-42) with EBV-associated neurological illness between August 1994 and July 1995. Serum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests for anti- early antigen(EA) IgM and anti-Epstein Barr nucleic acid (EBNA) IgG was positive in all patients, suggestive of reactivated EBV reaction. They showed a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations: 2 meningoecnephalomyelitis, 1 meningoencephalitis and cervical radiculopathy, 1 meningoencephalitis, and 1 GBS. T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging studies showed high signal intensity lesions in three of the four patients who had meningoencephalitis. Outcomes were excellent in all but one patient. CONCLUSIONS: We present five patients with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with EBV infection. We suggest that one should suspect the EBV infection in a variety of neurological diseases of uncertain etiology.
Bell Palsy ; Brain ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningoencephalitis ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Cord Diseases

Idiopathic peripartum cardiomyopathy is an uncommon malady disease. Making the diagnosis is often difficult and it is always necessary to exclude other prior heart disease and other causes of left ventricular dysfunction in pregnant women. Heart failure in these women ensues when the cardiovascular demands of normal pregnancy are further amplified when the common complications of pregnancy complications superimposed upon these underlying conditions that cause compensated ventricular hypertrophy. This may be aggravated by making a late diagnosis and providing inappropriate treatment. We experienced a 38-year-primigravida who has diagnosed with idiopathic peripartum cardiomyopathy and underwent elective cesarean section with general anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Cesarean Section ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Peripartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnant Women ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Cystic sebaceous adenomas are rare neoplasms that can arise in salivary glands. Among the salivary glands, the most commonly reported location is the parotid gland where it must be differentiated from other intraparotid masses. Unfortunately, its imaging features are not well-known as a result of its rarity. We report a case of cystic sebaceous adenoma that manifested as a gradually enlarging mass within the parotid gland of a 60-year-old man.
Adenoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands

Cystic sebaceous adenomas are rare neoplasms that can arise in salivary glands. Among the salivary glands, the most commonly reported location is the parotid gland where it must be differentiated from other intraparotid masses. Unfortunately, its imaging features are not well-known as a result of its rarity. We report a case of cystic sebaceous adenoma that manifested as a gradually enlarging mass within the parotid gland of a 60-year-old man.
Adenoma* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands