Although squamous cell carcinomas compose the majority of invasive cervical cancers, adenocarcinomas account for 10-20% of cervical cancers. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are strongly involved in the development of cervical neoplastic lesions squamous cell type. However, little is known about the association of HPV with adenocarcinoma because of its rarity, The p53 gene acts as a tumor suppressor and has been implicated in controlling cell cycle progression at the Gl-S transition, and absence or mutant of p53 gene is related to tumor progression. The present study was undertaken to identify clinical profiles, to characterize HPV infection status and p53 overexpression in the cervical adenocarcinoma and to investigate the prognostic significance of these findings. Thirty-six paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were obtained and patients clinical records were reviewed from tumor registry. Tissues were analyzed for the detection of HPV 16/1S by multiplex PCR and for the expression of p53 protein by immunohistochemical staining. Eighty-four percent of the cases were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18. HPV 16 positive rate was 36.1%, HPV 18 was 72.2%. The rate of double infection with HPV 16 and 18 was 25.0%. The p53 overexpression was detected in 11.1%. The overall 5 year-survival rate (YSR) was 72.2%. There were no significant difference in survival rate between HPV 18-positive and HPV 18-negative groups. The 5 YSR of the p53-positive group was 25.0% and that of p53-negative group was 78.1% (p=0.174). Inverse relationship between p53 overexpression and HPV DNA positivity was not found. In cervical adenocarcinoma, HPV type 18 was detected as the predo#minant type and may play a role in the carcinogenic process.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Genes, p53 ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Genetic modification technique is widely used in plants for improving crop yields and qualities, and reducing pesticide use. Zoysia japonica is one of the widely planted grasses for lawning. Pollenless herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) grasses (JG21-MS1 and JG21-MS2) were developed under surveillance for possible biohazard. Grasses may cause allergic contact dermatitis with direct contact on human skin. Patch testing with allergens was adopted to compare the incidences of allergic contact dermatitis to GM grass leaves with those of wild-type grass. METHODS: Patch testing with controls and leaves of wild-type and GM grasses was performed in individuals with informed consent. RESULTS: Ninety-seven individuals (mean age, 32+/-8 years; 48% males) were enrolled. For nickel sulfate as a positive control, 38 subjects (39.2%) were positive. For GM grasses, 10 (10.3%) showed positive patch test results and 11 (11.3%), for wild-type grass, the proportions of which were similar among the tested grasses. CONCLUSION: JG21-MS1 and JG21-MS2 are not more biohazardous than wild-type grass in the risk of allergic contact dermatitis.
Allergens ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Informed Consent ; Nickel ; Patch Tests* ; Plants ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Poaceae* ; Skin

The cumulative incidence of breast cancer in Korea is low, being about one-fifth of that in the United States. This low incidence has been mainly explained by environmental factors, and recently, however, racial variations in the disease-causing genes should also be considered. The BRCA1 is one of the common genes involved in early-onset breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer in the United States and Northern Europe. However, the involvement of BRCA1 in Korean'breast cancer patients are still unclear. We performed germline mutation screening of the BRCA1 gene by DNA single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We examined 27 breast cancer patients who were diagnosed less than 35 years by age including two cases with family history of breast cancer. Our study showed no germline mutation at the exons 2, 11 and 20, which were known as the supreme susceptible regions of BRCA1 mutations. Even though our cases did not fulfilled the criteria of familial breast/ovarian cancer, the proprotion of families who inherit the mutated BRCA1 allele seems to be very small and might be negligible among Korean population. Therefore, it is considered that the BRCA1 itself cannot be a major susceptibility gene and the contributions of other genes might be important for the breast cancer.
Alleles ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA ; Europe ; Exons ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Germ-Line Mutation* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; United States

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Osteosarcoma*

BACKGROUND: Glutaraldehyde is used most commonly as a high-level disinfectant for semicritical patient-care equipments. However, its potential toxicity to healthcare workers and a long exposure time needed to kill mycobacteria can be problematic. Recently, Perasafe(R) (Antec International, UK) has been introduced in the market as a safe and very effective disinfectant. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of Perasafe(R) against not only bacteria and yeast but also mycobacteria and bacterial spores and compare it with glutaraldehyde. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus subtilis were used for the test. Perasafe(R) and Cidex(R) were used at the final concentration of 1.62% and 2.25%, respectively; the disinfectants were neutralized by Tween 80 (0.5%) in the mycobacterial test and by lecithin (0.75%) in all other tests. Bacterial suspensions were made in phosphate buffer with or without fetal bovine serum (1%) to simulate dirty or clean conditions, respectively. The disinfectants were tested at 0, 24 and 48 hr of preparation to check stability. An effective disinfectant activity was defined as a 5 log10 reduction in viable counts. RESULTS: E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C albicans were effectively disinfected in less than 5 min by both Perasafe(R) and Cidex(R) and the both disinfectants remained equally effective under the dirty conditions or at 48 hr of preparation. Perasafe(R) was effective in 1 min against B. subtilis spores compared to Cidex(R) which took 30 min for the same activity. M. tuberculosis was effectively disinfected in 10 min by Perasafe(R) and 20 min by Cidex(R). CONCLUSIONS: Perasafe(R) showed greater tuberculocidal and sporicidal activities than Cidex(R), although both disinfectants were equally effective against common bacterial and yeast pathogens. Perasafe(R) may be an outstanding high-level disinfectant for endoscopes and other semicritical medical equipment.
Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria* ; Candida albicans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disinfectants ; Endoscopes ; Escherichia coli ; Glutaral ; Lecithins ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Polysorbates ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Spores ; Spores, Bacterial* ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Suspensions ; Tuberculosis ; Yeasts*

PURPOSE: Defensins are important components of innate immune system. These peptides have antimicrobial activity against a wise variety of pathogens that associated with burn wound infection. In particular, human beta-defensins are expressed in normal epidermal region and showed differential expression of some skin disease. We investigated that expression of human beta-defensin by in vitro and ex-vivo by thermal condition. METHODS: To investigate the expression of human beta-defensins in acute burn condition, we cultured keratinocytes and used to rat's skin at this experiment. After thermal condition, we showed the expression of beta-defensins-2 (hBD-2), -3 (hBD-3), keratins, keratinocyte differentiation and junction protein levels by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: HBD-2 & involucrin were down-regulated from 1 hr to 8 hrs in mRNA level. But others were not changed in mRNA level. In protein level, hBD-3 was decreased but pan-cytokeratin and beta-catenin were not changed. CONCLUSION: HBD-2 was down-regulated in thermal injury. Because thermal injury could induce the influence of keratinocyte differentiation and the decrease of skin protection ability. Our results suggested that human beta-defensins plays an important role in protection by several injury.
beta Catenin ; beta-Defensins ; Burns ; Defensins ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinocytes ; Keratins ; Peptides ; Protein Precursors ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Wound Infection

There are considerable discrepacies between clinical symptoms and imaging diagnosis in the localization of the responsible radiculopathy. The purposes of this study are to analyzed the dynamic alteration of contrast filling of the spinal nerve sleeves during positional changes and to determine how the abnormalities of nerve sleeves no lateral bending A-P views correlate with sciatica. The criteria indicationg the root abnormality in functional myelography were (1) bad filling of ipsilateral root to sciatica and (2) good filling of contralateral root compared with those in neutral A-P view. Of total 77 patients, 67 had radiculopathy and 10 had no radiculopathy. In 23 (34.3%) of 67 patients with radiculopathy and 6 (60%) of 10 patients with no radiculopathy, their clinical symptoms well correlated with conventional myelographic findings. However, in 35 (52.2%) of 67 patients with radiculopathy and 6(60%) of 10 patients with no radiculopathy, their symptoms well correlated with functional myelographic findings. This study suggests that the functional myelogaphy using both lateral bending A-P views can be used as a complementary tool in the evaluation of the radiculopathy.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Myelography* ; Radiculopathy* ; Sciatica ; Spinal Nerves

No abstract available.
Heel* ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Weight-Bearing* ; Zea mays

Succinylcholine chloride is ordinarily the muscle relaxant of choice for rapid endotracheal intubation, but may produce myalgia, increase in intragastric pressure, increase in intraocular pressure, and it may be associated with malignant hyperthermia and hyperkalemia. Many investigators have tried to find an alternative drug for succinylcholine chloride. Foldes reported that the onset can be shortened by the administration of a subparalyzing dose of vecuronium bromide a nondepolarizing intermediate-acting muscle relaxant, prior to its intubating dose. This has been termed "the priming principle",. Mehta et al, Lennon et al and Schwarz reported similar results. These investigators studied to identify an optimal priming dose, priming interval (the time from the priming dose to the intubating dose) and intubating dose of vecuronium bromide, to perform a rapidsequence induction of anesthesia. We studied 50 healthy adult patients, and results are 1) Group IV (a priming dose of 0.02 mg/kg, a priming interval of 4 min and an intuating dose of 0. 1 mg/kg) had better intubating condition than the control group. 2) The groups with divided doses had significantly shorter onset time compared to the control group (0.1 mg/kg without prime dose). 3) Group II and IV (priming dose 0.02 mg/kg) had shorter onset time compared to group I and III (priming dose 0.01 mg/kg), but the difference was not significant. 4) Group III and IV (priming interval of 4 min) had shorter onset time compared to group I and II (priming interval of 2 min), but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, group IV (priming dose of 0.02 mg/kg and priming interval of 4 min) had the shortest onset time and provided the best intubating condition.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; Myalgia ; Research Personnel ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide*

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze dental caries incidence in the permanent teeth of 12-year-old children. Methods: This study used the raw data from the 2015 Korean children’s oral health survey. Participants of the research were 12-year-old children in their first year of middle school. A total of 27,291 people participated in the questionnaire and oral examination. Statistical analysis was performed using complex samples frequency analysis and contingency coefficient phi (φ). Results: Dental caries predominately developed symmetrically with a higher tendency for left-right symmetry than for maxillary-mandibular symmetry in the mouth. The incidence of dental caries between adjacent teeth had a statistically significant correlation and was highest in the first and second premolars. Conclusions Information on symmetry in the development of dental caries and the association of dental caries incidence between adjacent teeth of 12-year-old children should be actively utilized when establishing evidence-based dental caries management plans.