OBJECTIVE: The patients of endometriosis may complain of dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia, but may be asymptomatic. We studied on the correlation between the pain and the psychologic stress, Also, we studied on the correlation between serum CA-l25 levels and the psychologic stress. METHODS: The data was obtained from il7 endometriosis patients. Psychological stress was studied with STAI(Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and BDI(Beck Depression Inventory). We compared the degree of anxiety and depression according to existence of pain and the duration of pain. Also we examed the scores of STAI and BDI according to the level of serum CA-125. RESULTS: The pain group had more depression and anxiety, in comparison to the pain-free group. And the depression and anxiety significantly increased in long-term pain group. There was no correlation between the level of serum CA-125 and the depression,or axiety. CONCLUSION: The pain of endometriosis may play a role of pychological stress to the patients, so it seems to increase depression and anxiety.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Dysmenorrhea ; Dyspareunia ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-7 ; Pelvic Pain ; Stress, Psychological*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Risk Factors*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of polycystic ovarian follicular fluid on sperm motility in human in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: From May, 1998 to July, 1999, 55 patients who complained of infertility were involved in this study. We obtained ovarian follicular fluids form the patients by ultrasono-guided aspiration. Subjects were divided into two groups. 20 patients who had polycystic ovarian disease were belong to study group, and 25 patients who had normal ovarian follicular fluid were belong to control group. The follicular fluid dilution was done with Ham's fluid as 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%. The sperm motility was analyzed by CASA at 6hr and 12hr after incubation in follicular fluids. RESULTS: The levels of average path velocity (VAP) in all concentration fluid didn't show significant difference between study and control group. The other parameters including curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and linerity (LIN) were didn't show any significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSION: PCOD fluid had seemed to have an adverse effect on the sperm biological function. But, this study showed that PCOD fluid had no different effect on sperm motility with normal follicular fluid.
Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Follicular Fluid* ; Head ; Humans* ; Infertility ; Ovarian Diseases ; Sperm Motility* ; Spermatozoa*

No Abstract Available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between age and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by Cirrus high-definition (HD) spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy Korean subjects. METHODS: A total of 302 eyes from 155 healthy Korean subjects (age range, 20 to 79 years) underwent RNFL thickness measurements using the Cirrus HD-OCT. Average, quadrant, and clock-hour RNFL thickness parameters were analyzed in terms of age using linear mixed effect models. RESULTS: Average RNFL demonstrated a slope of -2.1 microm per decade of age (p < 0.001). In quadrant analysis, superior (-3.4 microm/decade, p < 0.001) and inferior (-2.9 microm/decade, p < 0.001) quadrants showed steeper slopes, whereas temporal (-1.1 microm/decade, p < 0.001) and nasal (-1.0 microm/decade, p < 0.001) quadrants revealed shallower slopes. Among the 12 clock-hour sectors, clock hours 6 (-4.5 microm/decade, p < 0.001) and 1 (-4.1 microm/decade, p < 0.001) showed the greatest tendency to decline with age; RNFLs of the 3 (-0.2 microm/decade, p = 0.391) and 4 (-0.6 microm/decade, p = 0.052) o'clock hour sectors did not show significant decay. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL thickness was associated with age, especially in superior and inferior areas. The topographic distribution of correlation between age and RNFL thickness was not uniform.
Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; *Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nerve Fibers ; Reference Values ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*cytology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods ; Young Adult

Chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare congenital disorder of bone, occuring in infants, which is characterized by radiographic manifestation of premature deposition of punctate calcific densitiy in epiphyseal areas, preformed in cartilage. We experienced a case of rhizomelic type-chondrodysplsia punctata in a two day old female who showed short stature, symmetric shortening of proximal limbs, cataract, icthyositic skin lesion and characteristic coronal clefts in lumbar vertebral bodies on X-ray.
Cartilage ; Cataract ; Chondrodysplasia Punctata ; Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic* ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Skin

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Humans ; Neuroma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of a monocular drug trial in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 74 patients with NTG. The monocular drug trial was started using latanoprost 0.005% for one week. If the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction was greater than 15%, the same medication was administered to both eyes for one month. The unadjusted change and adjusted change (the change in the treated eye minus the change in the contralateral eye) in IOP were evaluated, and the predictors of IOP response were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Among the initial 74 patients, 31 (41.9%) were included; others were excluded because they did not meet the requisite conditions. The most significant predictors of IOP response in the initial eye and subsequent eye were the baseline IOPs in both eyes (beta = 0.907, 0.771, respectively). The adjusted change in IOP of the initial eye had greater association (beta = 0.589) with the IOP after monocular trial in the initial eye than that of unadjusted IOP change (beta = 0.279). The adjusted change in IOP also had greater predictability (beta = 0.348) for IOP after monocular trial in the subsequent eye than that of the unadjusted IOP change (beta = 0.090). CONCLUSIONS: Although the monocular trial in NTG patients had limited efficacy due to its stringent conditions, it was useful for evaluating the IOP response in the initial eye and for predicting the IOP response in the subsequent eye.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Linear Models ; Low Tension Glaucoma/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/*therapeutic use ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Treatment Outcome

The treatment of choice for Cushing's disease is surgical removal of tumor, the source of ACTH overproduction. In occasional patients in whom a surgical approach including total adrenalectomy is not feasible or surgical removal of tumor is not complete, medical treatment may be necessary because pituitary irradiation requires a long 1ag time to remission. Although ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative with inhibitory activity on adrenal steroidogenesis has been reported to be effective in the treatment of Cushing's disease, the limited effectiveness in lowering very high level of cortisol and occasional hepatotoxicity restrains its wide use. In this report, we describe a woman with Cushing's disease due to pituitary microadenoma. Transsphenoidal pituitary adenomeetomy followed by ketoconzole treatment had been unsuccessful in achieving remission of the disease, but combined treatment with ketoconazole and octreotide accomplished successful reduction in cortisol production.
Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Ketoconazole* ; Octreotide* ; Pituitary Irradiation