This study was performed to investigate the body image perception by BMI and the dietary behaviors in 803 college students (408 males and 395 females). The degree of obesity was divided into an underweight group with BMI less than 18.5 kg/m(2), a normal group with BMI of 18.5~22.9 kg/m(2), an overweight group with BMI of 23~24.9 kg/m(2) and an obese group with BMI over 25.0 kg/m(2). The average ages of subjects were 22.9 years in males and 20.2 years in females. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.3 cm and 69.6 kg, respectively and those of female subjects were 162.5 cm and 52.0 kg, respectively. The average BMIs of male and female subjects were 22.6 kg/m(2) and 19.7 kg/m(2), respectively. The distribution of subjects who perceived their current body image as ideal body image was 25.7% in males and 10.9% in females, showing that the body image satisfaction of male subjects was 1.5 times higher than that of female subjects. Body image perception for their own bodies was mostly shown as the average or standard shape both in males and females with 64.2% and 54.2%, respectively, but males showed a higher perception rate than females and 31.1% of females and 19.5% of males perceived their bodies as lean shape (p < 0.01). The body image satisfaction was 4.20 in males and 3.70 in females, showing more satisfaction in the male subjects (p < 0.001). The correlation between body image and physical variables in male subjects indicated that CBI and IBI showed statistically significant correlation and also BMI showed statistically significant correlation with IBI (p < 0.001) and CBI (p < 0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as the frequency of skipping meals increased (p<0.001) and the frequency of having snacks increased as the frequency of eating out increased (p < 0.01). The correlation between body image and physical variables in female subjects showed that CBI and IBI (p < 0.001) had statistically significant correlation. Body weight showed statistically significant correlation with CBI (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001) and height (p < 0.001). The frequency of eating out increased as height (p < 0.01) and the frequency of skipping meals (p < 0.001) increased. When both male and female subjects wanted leaner body shapes, they preferred much leaner shapes despite their current body images belonging in the normal range. Additionally subjects preferred the body image in the normal range in cases when their current body images were lean. In particular, more female subjects had strong desires to become leaner in their body images than male subjects, which could be analyzed as a risk factor for physical harm. From the above results, it is considered that both male and female subjects need to establish proper recognition and dietary behaviors for their body images and also need nutritional education and counseling for desirable weight control methods.
Body Image* ; Body Mass Index* ; Body Weight ; Counseling ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors ; Snacks ; Thinness

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of theophylline in preterm infants with apnea on glucose homeostasis and insulin values. METHOD: In this prospective study, level of glucose and insulin were measured from peripheral blood of 8 neonates(1,450+/-114gm, 31+/-2.1week), who were admitted from April 1, 1997 to July 30, 1997 in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Wonkwang University Hospital, for apnea of prematurity(> 20 sec with bradycardia and/or cyanosis) were given aminophylline intravenously. Blood samples were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment 2hours, 1-2days, 3-4days, 5-7days and posttreatment 48hours, and compare to those of the 8 control neonates(1,711+/-232gm, 32+/-1.7week). RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Plasma glucose values were significantly higher in the treatment group than those of the control group at 1-2days(104.67+/-20.39mg/dL vs 83.43+/-15.86mg/dL) and 3-4days(111.0+/-32.39mg/dL vs 79.25+/-14.03mg/dL)(p<0.05). 2) Plasma glucose values which were increased at 1-2days(104.67+/-20.39mg/dL)and 3-4days(111.0+-32.39mg/dL), were significantly higher than pretreatment values(66.33+/-31.19mg/ dL)(p<0.02), but were not increased to the level of hyperglycemia(> 125mg/dL). 3) The mean posttreatment glucose levels drawn at 48hours after discontinuation of theophylline was significantly decreased to the values of pretreatment values compared to those of the 1-2days and 3-4days(p<0.01). 4) Insulin concentrations were also increased insignificantly when blood glucose were increased in the treatment group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, intravenous administration of theophylline produces hyperglycemia significantly, including an increase in a serum insulin. But, clinically significant hyperglycemia(> 125mg/dL) was not noted. So, plasma glucose may not need to be monitored in preterm apneic infants receiving theophylline. But, further studies are need to elucidate the effect of theophylline considering the serum toxic level of theophylline.
Administration, Intravenous ; Aminophylline ; Apnea* ; Blood Glucose* ; Bradycardia ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Insulin* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Plasma* ; Prospective Studies ; Theophylline

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the self-efficacy, depression, and health promotion behaviors of nursing and non-nursing female college students, and to develop a program to improve the health promotion behaviors of female college students. METHODS: One hundred sixty-six females (84 nursing, 82 non-nursing) college students participated in the study. Data collection was conducted between November 20 and December 8, 2017. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 test, ANCOVA, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 22.0. RESULTS: The results of health promotion behaviors of the nursing college students were higher than non-nursing college students (F=7.14, p=.008). Both nursing and non-nursing college students showed a positive correlation between health promotion behaviors and self-efficacy, and there was a negative correlation between health promotion behaviors and depression. Self-efficacy was the most influential factor in health promotion behaviors for both nursing and non-nursing female college students. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the health promotion behaviors of female college students, it is necessary to educate individuals to help them improve their self-efficacy and be able to maintain healthy lifestyles by perceiving and managing their own health conditions.
Data Collection ; Depression* ; Female* ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Life Style ; Nursing* ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing glass particle contamination in single dose glass ampules upon opening. METHOD: The study was single case experimental design. Different methods of opening ampule (hand, wooden stick), different sizes of ampules(1cc, 2cc) and different sizes of needles(17gauge, 23gauge, 5micrometer filter) were evaluated. Eighteen ampules were randomly assigned in each group. The number of glass ampule particles > or =10micrometer was counted by microscope. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the number of particles aspirated by opening methods. But number of glass particles was much lower when using 1cc ampules rather than 2cc ampules and was also much lower when using smaller size needles and needles which include a 5micrometer filter rather than larger size of needles. CONCLUSION: We suggest that larger bore or unfiltered needles increase the risk of aspirating more glass particles than smaller bore or filter needles. In addition, these data show that a wooden stick can be used as a method opening glass ampules.
Glass* ; Needles ; Research Design

BACKGROUND: The effect of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) during ischemia and reperfusion has been a controversial issue. In this study, the effect of PaCO2 during ischemia and reperfusion was evaluated by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: Incomplete global cerebral ischemia was induced by ligation of carotid artery under lowered mean blood pressure (mean blood pressure= 40 mmHg) for 30 minutes followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Eighteen cats were divided into 3 groups: For group 1 (n=6) (control group), animals were subjected to normocarbia (PaCO2=28~33 mmHg) during ischemia and reperfusion, for group 2 (n=6), animals were subjected to hypocarbia (PaCO2=18~23 mmHg) during ischemia and reperfusion, and for group 3 (n=6), animals were subjected to normocarbia during ischemia and hypocarbia during reperfusion. RESULTS: For group 1, the energy metabolism measured by [PCr/Pi] was recovered about 74.7 6.4%. For group 2, the energy metabolism failed to be completely recovered by 120 minutes of reperfusion (69.3 7.3%), whereas for group 3, the energy matabolism was completely recovered by 120 minutes of reperfusion (97.6 2.4%). There were statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05). The changes in pH were not significantly different among the groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, a condition of hypocarbia during reperfusion seems better for the energy metabolism after incomplete global ischemia of cats.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carotid Arteries ; Cats* ; Energy Metabolism* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Reperfusion

The present study aims to investigate the effect of methanol extract of Korean mistletoe (KM; Viscum album var. coloratum), on amyloid beta protein (Abeta) (25-35), a synthetic 25-35 amyloid peptide, -induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons and memory impairment in mice. Exposure of cultured neurons to 10 microM Abeta (25-35) for 24 h induced a neuronal cell death, which was measured by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. KM (10, 30 and 50 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the Abeta (25-35)-induced apoptotic neuronal death. KM (50 microg/ml) inhibited 10 microM Abeta (25-35)-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fluo-4 AM. Glutamate release into medium and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by 10 microM Abeta (25-35) were also inhibited by KM (10, 30 and 50 microg/ml). These results suggest that KM may mitigate the Abeta (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity by interfering with the increase of [Ca2+]i and then inhibiting glutamate release and generation of ROS in cultured neurons. In addition, orally administered KM (25 and 50 mg/kg, 7 days) significantly prevented memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Abeta (25-35) (8 nmol). Taken together, it is suggested that anti-dementia effect of KM is due to its neuroprotective effect against Abeta (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that KM may have therapeutic role in prevention of the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides* ; Amyloid* ; Animals ; Calcium ; Cell Death ; Glutamic Acid ; Memory* ; Methanol ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; Neurons* ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Viscum album

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of estimating the smallest amount of abdominal free gas detectible in a large population of beagles by ultrasonography. Healthy dogs were randomly divided into three groups: group A that received 0.1 mL of air injected into the peritoneal cavity, group B that received 0.2 mL of air injected into the peritoneal cavity, and group C that received 0.5 mL of intraperitoneal air. Randomly, some dogs in each group did not receive air injection for the negative control. All ultrasonographic procedures were performed by individuals blinded to group assignments and the presence of intraperitoneal air. The minimum volume of consistently detectable air with good accuracy and reliability was 0.2 mL. Results of the study demonstrated that the enhanced peritoneal stripe sign (EPSS) can verify cases of pneumoperitoneum if more than 0.2 mL of intra-abdominal free gas is present The EPSS is a reliable and specific ultrasonographic characteristic for diagnosing pneumoperitoneum in dogs.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/*ultrasonography ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Pneumoperitoneum/ultrasonography/*veterinary ; Reproducibility of Results ; Species Specificity ; Ultrasonography/standards/veterinary

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop feasible and detailed infection control guidelines (ICG) and audit protocols for health care workers and auditors in postpartum care centers (PCC). METHODS: PCC ICG and audit protocols were developed in several steps: 1) review of previous ICG for PCCs; 2) establishment of frameworks for updating guidelines and audit protocols; 3) review of new ICG, regulations, etc.; 4) drafting of PCC ICG and audit protocols and revision based on feedback from the research committee; 5) Delphi survey to solicit opinions from infection control, infant care, and maternal care professionals as well as PCC health care workers; 6) re-revision after discussion with the research committee; and 7) finalization of PCC ICG and audit protocols. RESULTS: We developed ICG with 4 categories and 26 sub-categories, and internal and external audit protocols with 163 and 85 items, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ICG and audit protocols are valid and feasible; we recommend their utilization as auditing tools, baseline data for the development of national infection control policies, and as educational materials for PCC healthcare workers.
Checklist ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Care ; Infection Control* ; Postnatal Care* ; Postpartum Period* ; Social Control, Formal

No abstract available.