Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the common pulmonary disease affecting children in Korea. Simple chest film is essential in diagnosis of primary pulmonary tuberculosis, but it is difficult to interpret the findings in some cases. Authors reviewed chest films of 162 cases of clinically confirmed primary pulmonary tuberculosis from April 1978 to June 1981 at Seoul National University Hospital. The results are as follows; 1. Lymph node enlargement, either hilar or mediastinal, was found in 82.7% and pulmonary parenchymal infiltration in74%. 2. Incidence of unilateral and bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement is about 50% (81cases) and 30% (49cases) respectively. Incidence of unilateral and bilateral mediastinal lymph node enlargement is about 21% (34cases) and 4.3% (7 cases), more common in right side. 3. Pulmonary parenchymal lesion is demonstrated in 74% (120cases). The pattern of primary focus is as follows in order; patchy infiltration 47% (76 cases) linear-streaky infiltration 15% (25 cases), lobar or segmental homogenous infiltration 9% (14 cases), nodular infiltration 4% (7cases). The primary focus of right lung is two times as common as that of left. 4. Calcification in primary focusis noted in about 27% in pulmonary parenchyma and 49% in hilum. 5. Plerual effusion is identified in 10%, but pleural effusion without pulmonary parenchymal lesion or lymph node enlargement is noted in only 2% (3 cases).
Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleural Effusion ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tubal patency in the young-aged women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with Fitz-High-Curtis Syndrome (FHCS). METHODS: Clinicopathologic results of young-aged women who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with pelvic inflammatory disease from March 2005 through April 2007 were reviewed. Twenty six patients aged 19-29 years old and preserved their both tubes after diagnostic laparoscopy were included in this study. All were underwent chromopertubation test (CPT) during laparoscopy and postoperative hysterosalpingography (HSG) 3 months later. RESULTS: Of 26 patients, eight patients were diagnosed with FHCS and the others were not. There was no significant difference in mean age, mean hospitalization days, and frequency in past-history of parturition, abortion, chlamydia and gonococci infection between patients with FHCS and with non-FHCS (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in frequency of tubal obstruction in laparoscopic CPT (P>0.05) but not in postoperative outpatient HSG (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The tubal obstruction may be more frequent in FHCS than non-FHCS and the reliability of laparoscopic CPT for diagnosing the tubal obstruction is supposed to be low. Therefore, as for FHCS patients, HSG should be executed to investigate tubal factor which is helpful to forecast the fertility.
Aged ; Chlamydia ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; Female ; Fertility ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography ; Laparoscopy ; Outpatients ; Parturition ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of low dose gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) therapy combined with high dose human menopausal gonadotrpin(hMG) following estrogen & progesteron therapy for poor responders. METHODS: From May 1997 to Feb 1999, 36 patients who were defined as poor responders on previous consecutive two and more superovulation cycles were randomly allocated to lowdose GnRH-a short protocol with high dose hMG protocol pretreated with estrogen & progesterone(E/P therapy)(n=16)(study group) and the clomiphene citrate with hMG(n=20)(control group). All patients were planned to undergone in-vitro- fertilization(IVF) and embryo transfer(ET) after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH). RESULTS: Two groups were similar with respect to clinical features and basal FSH and E2 levels. The mean level of E2 on day 5, 304.3+/-148.ng/ml in study group was significantly higher than that in control group, 182+/-34.9ng/ml. The mean levels of E2 on hCG day was also significantly higher in study group than control group(1324+/-320ng/ml, vs 414+/-168ng/ml). The mean day of hCG day in study group, 12.3+/-0.3 was shorter than that in control group, 13.8+/-0.4. The concellation rates of cycles were significantly lower in study group than control group(13.2% vs 84.2%). But clinical pregnancy rates did not showed the significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that a lowdose GnRH-a short protocol with high dose hMG pretreated with estrogen & progesterone can improve the ovarian response in poor responder group.
Clomiphene ; Embryonic Structures ; Estrogens ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Pregnancy Rate ; Progesterone ; Superovulation

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate unmet needs and sexual distress of gynecological cancer patients according to the period following immediately, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after initial treatment. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional comparative study, and the data collection was done from April to December 2020. The study subjects comprised a total of 212 gynecological cancer patients. The 212 subjects were grouped and evaluated as follows: 41 in immediately, 38 in 6 months, 46 in 12 months, 43 in 18 months, and 44 in 24 months after initial treatment. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups of five periods after initial treatment in the unmet needs of the subjects. As a result of post-hoc test, the unmet needs were significantly higher after 6 months than after 12, 18, and 24 months. There was a significant difference between the groups of five periods after initial treatment in sexual distress, and sexual distress after 6 months was the highest. Conclusion In this study, it was found that the unmet needs and sexual distress at the time of 6 months after initial treatment in gynecological cancer patients were high. In particular, nursing interventions, such as patient teaching and counseling are necessary for gynecological cancer patients who have reached 6 months after initial treatment.

There are many reports about the snapping syndrome in the hip, shoulder, ankle, but the snapping knee has rarely been reported. In general, the symptom of this disease was relatively tolerable for that seldom requires operative treatment. We experienced one case of snapping knee, for which the pain, easy fatigability and feeling of instability on both knee joint were main complaints. During an exploratory operation, we confirmed the gracilis and semitendinosus tendon passing over the medial tibial condyle. The clinical, radiologic and operative findings were reviewed.
Ankle ; Hip ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Shoulder ; Tendons

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the possible association between Cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) promoter gene and panic disorder. METHODS: 262 patients with panic disorder and 76 healthy controls participated in this study. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based method. RESULTS: Allele distribution of CT repeat polymorphism in patients with panic disorder was not different from those of the controls. However, after excluding the patients with panic disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder and other anxiety disorder, we found out the significant association of CCKBR (CT)n repeat with the panic disorder without comorbidities. And we analysed the data as a di-allelic polymorphism with a short (140-162 bp) and a long (164-180 bp) allele. In the di-allelic analysis, there was an excess of the shorter allele in patients with panic disorder. CONCLUSION: The present study suggested that the CCKBR promoter dinucleotide polymorphism may have a potential role for susceptibility to panic disorder in the Korean population and thus calls for consecutive studies in order to pile up the data with larger different ethnic background.
Alleles ; Anxiety Disorders ; Cholecystokinin* ; Comorbidity ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnosis* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic* ; Receptor, Cholecystokinin B*

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the treatment results and to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting the survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 2002, we analyzed 43 patients who had nasopharyngeal carcinomas that were histologically confirmed and who had also completed the planned radiation therapy course at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. According to the 6th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 12 patients (27.9%) were at Stage II, 13 (30.2%) were at Stage III and 18 (41.9%) were at Stage IV. Histopathologically, there were 15 (34.9%) squamous cell carcinomas, 8 (18.6%) nonkeratinizing carcinomas, 17 (39.5%) undifferentiated carcinomas, and 3 (7.0%) lymphoepitheliomas. Among the total 43 patients, 31 patients (72.1%) were treated with only radiation therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed on 7 patients (16.3%) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy was performed on 5 patients (11.6%). Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil were administered to 11 patients for 4 cycles, and Cisplatin and Taxotere were administered to 1 patient for 6 cycles. The range of the total radiation dose delivered to the primary tumor was from 61.2 to 84 Gy (median 70.4 Gy). The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 197 months with median follow-up of 84 months. RESULTS: The local control rate at 6 months after radiation therapy was 90.7%. The five year overall survival and disease free survival rates were 50.7% and 48.9%, respectively. On the multivariate analysis, the age, T-stage (T1-3 vs T4), N-stage and AJCC stage were the statistically significant prognostic factors affecting survival (p<0.05). The patterns of failure were as follows: local failure only in 3 patients (7.0%), local and systemic failure in 1 patient (2.3%), and distant metastasis only in 11 patients (25.6%). CONCLUSION: The prognostic factors affecting the outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were age, T-stage (T1-3 vs T4), N-stage and stage. Because systemic metastasis was the main failure pattern noted for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, systemic chemotherapy is needed to decrease the rate of distant metastasis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, research for more effective chemotherapeutical regimens and schedules is also needed.
Appointments and Schedules ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Cisplatin ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Hyperlipoproteinemias*

In this paper, the current status of adolescent suicide prevention and intervention are addressed, including areas related to medicine, counseling, mental health nursing, social welfare, and education. Many preventive efforts and intervention programs have been developed and implemented, but the results have been mostly minimal or unfruitful and many problems arose. First, there is a lack of epidemiological research and developmentally appropriate data on adolescent suicide. Thus evidence-based research on adolescent suicide necessary to make important decisions regarding prevention strategies and the allocation of budgets and human resources is not available. Second, there are only a handful of experts with an appropriate level of education and training. Current suicide prevention efforts are performed as a part of crisis intervention, but only a few persons know how to do so effectively. Finally, a good networking and referral system among each area of service is needed. One of the most important issues might be balancing the levels of service available to each subject and to provide a proper, systematized intervention and continuous crisis management services. In order to create an effective networking and referral system among several service providers for adolescent suicide prevention, we need robust support from the Korean government and local communities.
Adolescent ; Budgets ; Counseling ; Crisis Intervention ; Hand ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Referral and Consultation ; Social Welfare ; Suicide

The purpose of this study was getting information to set up the new roles focused on nutrition education for school dietitians as nutrition teachers. One hundred thirty nine school dietitians and 1169 elementary school children residing in Daegu city and Gyeongbuk province were surveyed for this study. Sixty eight percent of the school dietitians perceived 1st-3rd year of the elementary school is the most proper time to start nutrition education, and 59.0% of them wanted to practice nutrition education as a discretion teaching time. The largest proportion(79.1%) of the school dietitians expected that nutrition education is helpful to get good dietary habit. School dietitians responded that major contents that should be included in the nutrition education was balanced diet, diet and habit, managing healthy weight, dining etiquette, food safety and problems of environmental contamination. Fairly large proportion of the students(64.4%) responded nutrition education is urgently needed. The contents of the nutrition education students wanted most were cooking and healthy diet. Forty six percent of the students perceived school dietitians are responsible for nutrition education and they wanted to have nutrition education as a part of special activity class. The most preferred frequency of nutrition education was 1 hour/week and 46.2% of the students responded they wanted to participate cooking camp.
Child ; Cooking ; Daegu* ; Diet ; Education* ; Food Habits ; Food Safety ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Nutritionists*