No abstract available.
Shoulder*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to test and develop a structural model that explains health promotion behaviors of elementary school students in Korea. METHOD: Data were collected using questionnaires from 329 6th-grade elementary school students in a city. The data were analyzed using LISREL 8.0 program. RESULT: Health promoting behaviors were directly affected by some of predictive factors particularly self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived health status, importance of health and internal locus of control. These predictive variables of health promotion behaviors explained 67% of the total variance in the model. Life satisfaction was directly affected by self-efficacy, health promotion behaviors, self-esteem, importance of health, internal locus of control and perceived health status. Powerful other locus of control was identified as an important variable that contributed indirectly to the improvement of life satisfaction through enhancing health promoting behaviors. These predictive variables of life satisfaction explained 46% of the total variance in the model. CONCLUSION: The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in predicting health promotion behaviors and life satisfaction in elementary school students in Korea. Also it can be used effectively as a reference model for further study, and it is suggest that this study be used to set the direction of health promoting education.
Education ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Korea ; Models, Structural* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Middle Lobe Syndrome*

This study was designed to compare the outcomes between my ocardial infarction' participation and not-participation in cardiac rehabilitation, so explain how participation in cardiac rehabilitation can be a worthwhile intervention that facilitates recovery from MI. B furthermore this research is intended to provide the fundamental backgrounds in developing cardiac rehabilitation program that can help to improve the patients' the quality of life. A total of 80 out-patients were selected as subject to data collection from April 1th to May 10 1996. The rehabilitated group, consisting of the 40 out-patients had participated with the non-rehabilitation group of 40 out-patients had received usual care during hospitalization. The tools for this study were state-anxiety scale devised by Spielberger(1976) performance health behavior scale developed by Lee(1992) and quality of life scale producted by McGirr(1990). The data were analyzed by use of chi test, ANCOVA, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and simple regression using the SPSS program. The study was concluded as follows : 1. Hypothesis 1 : that "the rehabilitation group's anxiety was lower than the non-rehabilitation group's was accepted(t=-2.60, p=0.011). 2. Hypothesis 2 : that "the rehabilitation group's level of performance health behavior was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's" was accepted(t=6.39, p=0.000). 3. Hypothesis 3 : that "the rehabilitation group's quality of life was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's was accepted(t=2.73, p=0.008). 4. The correlations between anxiety, performance health behavior and quality of life. The relationship between anxiety and performance health behavior revealed a significant correlation(r=-.4433, p<.05). And the relationship between anxiety and quality of life revealed a significant correlation(r=-.7679, p<.05), the relationship between performance health behavior and quality of life revealed a significant correlation(r=3934, p<.05). As a result, it was found that the cardiac rehabilitation groups' anxiety was lower than the non-rehabilitation group's, the rehabilitation group' level of performance health behavior was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's. And the rehabilitation group's quality of life was higher than the non-rehabilitation group's. Therefore this study explained how participation in cardiac rehabilitation can be a worthwhile intervention that facilitates recovery from MI.
Anxiety ; Data Collection ; Health Behavior ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Outpatients ; Performance Anxiety ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation*

Disturbances in memory are the most common problem in patients with an organic mental syndrome. Other patients with significant psychiatric disorder also often have memory. So it is very important in the clinical practice of psychiatry to understand the biological and neurocognitive mechanisms of memory proessing, and to develop the assessment tools with which memory function can be evaluated reliably and validly. Moreover, memory researches provide an important viewpoint from which we can understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of major neuropsychiatric illnesses. This article focuses on our understanding of memory function in clinical and neurobiological aspects. The relevant material will be presented in four pats : 1) terminologies needed in defining major stages of various types of memory processing : 2) neurochemical and neuroanatomical basis of memory processing : 3) brief bedside screening and more comprehensive neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of memory function : 4) the characteristics of memory dysfunction in several major psychiatric illnesses.
Humans ; Mass Screening ; Memory* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Neuropsychology

No abstract available.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

Twenty patients with congenital aortic stenosis excluding valvular stenosis were studied beween April 1980 and April 1984 at Seoul National University Hospital. The clinical and radiologic findings with the emphasis on the cineangiographies were analyzed separately according to the type of aortic stenosis as subaortic and supravalvular aortic stenosis. The summaries of the analysis are as follows: 1. Among the 20 cases, 12 cases were subaorticstenosis and 8 cases were supravalvular stenosis. 2. The anatomic types of subaoritc stenosis were the discrete membranous type (8 cases), the fibromuscular type (2 cases) and the tunnel type (2 cases). 3. The obstruction of subaoritic types was usually severe, and the median left ventricular to aortic systolic pressure gradient was 60mmHg, and associated cardiac defects were found in 10 cases (84%), an incidence greater than that reported in mostother large series. 4. The anatomic types of 8 cases of supravalvular aortic stenosis were mainly focal type (7cases ) and 1 case of diffuse hypoplastic type. 5. The median left ventricular to aortic systolic pressure gradient of supravalvular stenosis was 75mmHg, and associated anomalies were seen in 6 cases(75%) with 3 cases of suspected mental retardation and facial abnormalities without definite hypercalcemia. 6. For accurate diagnosis of congenital aortic stenosis, retrograde left ventricular angiograms obtainend in axial pojections are of crucial importance in demonstration of anatomic types of stenosis and associated anomalies. And supravalvular aortic injection is sometimes helpful to outline the anatomy of the valve and to evaluate the degree of aortic regurgitation.
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Blood Pressure ; Cineangiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on headaches in children. METHOD: A quasi experimental pre-test and post (1,2,3)-test design was used. Data were collected from March 2 to April 16 2001. Forty children were assigned to an experimental (20) or control group (20). The experimental group received Hand-Acupuncture therapy on the meridian point; A30, A31, A32, A33, E8, I2, M2, M3, M5, B25, B26, B27 for each 3 minutes, while the control group rested on a bed. Data were analyzed using the SAS program with chi2-test, t-test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA. RESULT: In the experimental group, descriptive headache intensity (f=64.33, p=0.00), numeric headache intensity (F=74.69, 122.50, 7.52. p=0.00), and medication requirements (chi2=19.00, p=0.00) were significantly lower than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of headaches. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy can be considered an independent nursing intervention for reducing headaches in children.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Child* ; Hand ; Headache* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on intermittent abdominal pain in children. METHOD: A quasi experimental pre-test and post (1,2)-test design was used. Data was collected from May, 2002 to February, 2003. Forty children were assigned to the experimental (20) or control group (20). The experimental group received Hand-Acupuncture therapy on the meridian point; A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, E22, E45 for 20 minutes, while the control group rested on the bed. Data was analyzed using the SAS program with Fisher's Exact chi2 test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA. RESULT: In the experimental group, pain intensity (f=63.26, p=0.00), A12(A)(F=60.40, p=0.00), and medication requirement (chi2=32.63, p=0.00) were significantly lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of intermittent abdominal pain. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy can be considered an independent nursing intervention for reducing intermittent abdominal pain.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; *Acupuncture Therapy/methods ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupressure ; Abdominal Pain/*therapy

PURPOSE:Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common thyroid disease in children and adolescents, and also is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in children and adolescents. We studied the clinical manifestations and natural courses of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents. METHODS:We analyzed retrospectively twenty one children and adolescents who were diagnosed as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis before 15 years of age. The diagnoses were made from July 1997 to February 2004 at Ajou Univesity Hospital. We reviewed the clinical manifestations and thyroid functions of these patients. RESULTS:Nineteen patients were female and two were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.95+/-3.1 years, the mean duration of follow up was 23.52+/-22.98 months. At diagnosis, the most common chief complaint was goiter (15 patients/21 patients) and the others were short stature, easy fatigue, cardiac murmur and weight loss. Eighteen patients had goiters at diagnosis. Four had familial history of thyroid disease, Three of them had maternal history of thyroid disease and one had paternal history of thyroid disease. At diagnosis, Seven patients were euthyroid and four patients were hyperthyroid, eighteen patients had antithyroglobulin antibody, seventeen patients had antimicrosomal antibody, fourteen patients had both of them. At last follow-up, eight patients were euthyroid and ten patients were hypothyroid, three patients were hyperthyroid. CONCLUSION: Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents can have the various important influences on the metabolism including the growth. The clinical manifestations and thyroid functions should be monitored in children and adolescents with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goiter ; Heart Murmurs ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Male ; Metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune* ; Weight Loss