The composition and the structure of the sacrum present the sexual and the racial difference. The variation of the structure is meaningful in the administration of caudal anesthesia which used one of the safest and the most valuable means of local anesthesia. In this study, a morphological investigation of the sacrum in Korean adults was done using 145 dry sacral bones. Non-metrical morphological variations were observed and ten measurements were undertaken. The results of the study were as follows. 1. The five segmented sacrum appeared most commonly (62.1%). Six segmented sacrum appeared 37.2% and the incidence tended to increse according to the age. Four segmented sacrum was noted in one case (0.7%). 2. In 9.7%, deficiences existed in the upper dorsal wall of the sacral canal. In 5.5%, deficiences existed in the middle of the dorsal wall of the sacral canal. 3. The apex of the sacral hiatus was found mostly (28.9%) at the upper third of the body of fifth sacral vertebra. 4. The sacral hiatus was classified into five groups by shape with triangular being the most frequent. 5. There was a significant sexual difference in the antero-posterior and transverse diameters of the first sacral vertebral body, the length of the sacrum, and the length of the sacral hiatus. 6. The average sacral index I was 98.2 in male, and 104.4 in female. Sacral index I was the relationship between the greaster breath to the length of the sacrum. 7. The average sacral index II was 46.6 in male, and 44.8 in female. Sacral index II was the relationship between the first sacral body diameter to the greaster breath of the sacrum. A thorough knowledge of the anatomical features of the dorsum of the sacrum including above results will lead to the decrease in the number of failures in administration of caudal anesthesia.
Adult* ; Anesthesia, Caudal ; Anesthesia, Local ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Sacrum* ; Spine

A morphometric study on the trigeminal ganglion and the intracranial portion of the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves was done in 50 Korean adult cadavers. The shape of the ganglion was classified into 7 types and semicircular shape was most common (54%). Mean width of the trigeminal root at porus trieminus was 6.08mm. The length of the trigemnal root from porus to the trigeminal ganglion was 8.28mm at ophthalmic portion, 10.16mm at maxillary portion, and 8.90mm at mendibular portion. Maximum width of the ganglion was 15.48mm and the breadth of the ophthalmic, and maxillary portion were 5.25mm and 5.26mm, respectively, and that of the mandibular portion (4.92mm) was narrow than the other portion. Intracranial ophthalmic nerve was 4.30mm of width and 17.89mm of length, and this nerve inclined average 39.7。 (range 14.56。) from sagital plane. It was observed infrequently that the cavernous sinus extended to the lateral border of the maxillary nervw and the emissary sinus ran under the mandibular nerve.
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Cavernous Sinus ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Mandibular Nerve* ; Ophthalmic Nerve ; Trigeminal Ganglion*

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is a relatively rare disease in childhood period except neonate, but hypoglycemia due to delicate imbalance between glucose production & consumption is evoked easily and left permanent damage to brain at these period. The definition is that serum insulin level is above 10microU/ml when blood sugar level is below the 40mg/dl and so I/G ratio is higher than 0.4. The clinical manifestations are irrtability, frequent feeding and seizures etc. and there is no specific pancreatic pathology in most cases. We experienced 2 cases of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with pancreatic hyperplasia and pancreatic adenoma each other. The diagnosis was made on clinical manifestations, laboratory results, radiologic and pathologic findings. We reported these cases with brief review of literature.
Adenoma ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Diagnosis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypoglycemia* ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin ; Pathology ; Rare Diseases ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to compare anesthetic agents and adjuvants for general anesthesia or regional anesthesia between university hospitals, resident-training general hospitals and hospitals without training program of residents. METHODS: We surveyed university hospitals, resident-training hospitals and hospitals without training program of residents and divided randomly each hospital groups to become twenty hospitals. We compared the use frequency of inhalation anesthetics, muscle relaxants, induction agents, reversing agents, local anesthetics, premedicants, cardiovascular drugs and plasma expanders. RESULTS: Enflurane was most commonly used inhalation anesthetic in all hospital groups. Isoflurane was less commonly used inhalation anesthetic in hospitals without training program of residents. Pancuronium was most commonly used muscle relaxant in university hospitals. Midazolam, ketamine, fentanyl, propofol were commonly used induction agents during induction in university hospitals and resident-training general hospitals. Differences of use frequency of local anesthetics among hospital groups were not significant, but epinephrine mixing with local anesthetics was more frequent in university hospitals and resident-training general hospitals. Midazolam as a premedicant and norepinephrine, phenylephrine, amrinone, esmolol, pentastarch were less used in hospitals without training program of residents. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that university hospitals and resident-training general hospitals didn't show difference in anesthestics or adjuvants but hospitals without training program of residents used less commonly isoflurane, atracurium, midazolam, ketamine, propofol, fentanyl, cardiovascular drugs and pentastarch.
Amrinone ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics* ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Local ; Atracurium ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Education ; Enflurane ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl ; Hospitals, General* ; Hospitals, University* ; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives ; Inhalation ; Isoflurane ; Ketamine ; Midazolam ; Norepinephrine ; Pancuronium ; Phenylephrine ; Plasma ; Propofol

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Spinal Canal*

Renal artery embolization was induced experimentally in rabbits and microvascular changs were studiedangiographically, microangiographically and histopathologically. The results were as follows; 1. The mainmicroangiographic findings of renal artery embolization were arterial occlusion and collateral vessels arecharacterized by spiralling, dilatation, irregular lumen with abrupt caliber change, disoriented course andincreased number. 2. Collateral vessel formation was demonstrated in all cases of renal artery embolization bymicroangiography. 3. Recanalization of embolized vessels was better visualized by renal angiography thanmicorangiography. It was considered that microangiography is a valuable method for the observation ofmicrovascular changes in renal artery embolization and other renal diseases.
Angiography ; Dilatation ; Methods ; Rabbits ; Renal Artery

The study was carried out to analyze the roentgenological findings associated with clinical symptoms andphysical findings about 18 cases of congenital hydronephrosis confirmed at the Dept. of Urology, Chonnam NationalUnversity Hospital from Jan. 1977 to Dec. 1981. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The congenitalhydronephrosis developed mostly in male (89%) and the distribution of age was between 4 months and 34 years. 2.The incidence of pathological side was 10 patients in left, 3 patients in right and 5 patients in bilateral. 3.The most common etiological factor was congenital UPJ stricture (33%), others composed of aberrant renal vessel(22%), ureterocele(22%), posterior urethral valve (11%), fibrous band(6%) and renal fusion(6%). 4. The mainsymptom was flank pain(56%) and in 7 cases (395) abdominal mass was palpable. 5. On laboratory examination, serumBUN and creatinine level were normal in 14 cases (78%) and 15 cases (825) respectively. In 2 cases of posteriorurethral valves, renal function was severely damaged. 6. Intravenous pyelography was performed in all cases andshowed pelvicaliceal dilatation in 13 cases, non-visualizing kidney in 5 cases, and characteristic crescent signin one case.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Creatinine ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Kidney ; Male ; Urography ; Urology

Teratomas, usually arising in the anerior mediastinum, are very uncommon in the posterior mediastinum. Embryologic development of anterior mediastinal teratoma is thought to be from thymic anlage which descends fromthe third branchial cleft and pouch, while that of posterior mediastinal teratoma is thought to be from the remnant of notochord. CT findings of posterior mediastinal teratomas are not different from teratomas elsewhere,containing fat, calcification, soft tissue and thick walled cyst. Ultrasonographic findings are mixed echogenicmass containing cystic portion, highly reflective solid portion and area of acoustic shadowing. Authors recently experienced 2 cases of surgically proven posterior mediastinal teratoma and report with review of literature.
Acoustics ; Branchial Region ; Diagnosis ; Mediastinum ; Notochord ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography

The complexily in development of the dural sinus may result in many variations. Studies are being done on the variation of the straight sinus for clinical application of neurological diagnosis and operation. However, no data is available on Koreans, which made this study necessary. The present study was made on 50 Korean adult cadavers (average age of 67). The results were as followlng. 1. A bulbous formation of the rostral aspects of the straight sinus was present in 22 cases(44%). 2. Complete double straight sinus was present in 3 cases(6%). 3. Partial septum was observed in 8 cases (16%) with varied position and length. 4. The straight sinus terminated into both transverse sinuses(52%), the left transverse sinus(24%), the confluence of sinuses (18%), and the right transverse sinus(6%). 5. Average length and width of the straight sinus were 48.5mm and 5.9mm, respectively. 6. Nineteen cases(38%) showed no tentorial sinus drainage into the straight sinus on both sides. Number, size and terminationes.
Adult* ; Cadaver ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans