Background: Hip fractures (HFs) are major osteoporotic injuries associated with morbidity, loss of independence, increased mortality, and an increased socioeconomic burden.The total number of HFs is increasing owing to an aging population. While studies have focused on 30-day or 1-year mortality after HF surgery, studies reporting long-term mortality are lacking. Our study bridges this knowledge gap by exploring the relationship between frailty, postoperative complications, and the 5-year mortality after HF surgery.This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with 5-year mortality after HF surgery. The impact of the Hip-Multidimensional Frailty Score (Hip-MFS) and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality was compared. Methods: This retrospective study included 536 individuals aged 65 years and older with HFs who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2014. The Hip-MFS was calculated using the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Patients whose Hip-MFS score above 8 considered as frail. Postoperative complications included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, delirium, pulmonary thromboembolism, and unplanned intensive care unit admission after surgery.The primary outcome was 5-year mortality. Univariate and multivariate cox-regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess predictive value of frailty and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality. Results: The mean age was 80.5 ± 7.0 years and 71.3% (n = 382) were women. Overall, 48.3% (n = 259) were diagnosed with femoral neck fractures, and 51.7% (n = 277) were diagnosed with intertrochanteric fractures. A total of 223 (41.6%) patients experienced postoperative complications. The overall mortality rate was 60.4% (n = 324), with 1-year and 5-year mortality rates after HF surgery being 13.8% (n = 74) and 43.8% (n = 235), respectively. In the multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, the high-risk Hip-MFS group and the group with postoperative complications had hazard ratios for 5-year survival of 1.513 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.105–2.017; P = 0.010) and 1.470 (95% CI, 1.117–1.936;P = 0.006), respectively. Patients who had postoperative complications with a low Hip-MFS showed better 5-year survival than those without postoperative complications with a high Hip-MFS in the Kaplan–Meier curve (P = 0.013). Conclusion A high Hip-MFS risk and postoperative complications were associated with an increased 5-year mortality rate. In comparison to the occurrence of postoperative complications, the frailty status evaluated using the Hip-MFS had a more significant impact on long-term mortality after HF surgery.

Background: Hip fractures (HFs) are major osteoporotic injuries associated with morbidity, loss of independence, increased mortality, and an increased socioeconomic burden.The total number of HFs is increasing owing to an aging population. While studies have focused on 30-day or 1-year mortality after HF surgery, studies reporting long-term mortality are lacking. Our study bridges this knowledge gap by exploring the relationship between frailty, postoperative complications, and the 5-year mortality after HF surgery.This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with 5-year mortality after HF surgery. The impact of the Hip-Multidimensional Frailty Score (Hip-MFS) and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality was compared. Methods: This retrospective study included 536 individuals aged 65 years and older with HFs who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2014. The Hip-MFS was calculated using the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Patients whose Hip-MFS score above 8 considered as frail. Postoperative complications included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, delirium, pulmonary thromboembolism, and unplanned intensive care unit admission after surgery.The primary outcome was 5-year mortality. Univariate and multivariate cox-regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess predictive value of frailty and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality. Results: The mean age was 80.5 ± 7.0 years and 71.3% (n = 382) were women. Overall, 48.3% (n = 259) were diagnosed with femoral neck fractures, and 51.7% (n = 277) were diagnosed with intertrochanteric fractures. A total of 223 (41.6%) patients experienced postoperative complications. The overall mortality rate was 60.4% (n = 324), with 1-year and 5-year mortality rates after HF surgery being 13.8% (n = 74) and 43.8% (n = 235), respectively. In the multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, the high-risk Hip-MFS group and the group with postoperative complications had hazard ratios for 5-year survival of 1.513 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.105–2.017; P = 0.010) and 1.470 (95% CI, 1.117–1.936;P = 0.006), respectively. Patients who had postoperative complications with a low Hip-MFS showed better 5-year survival than those without postoperative complications with a high Hip-MFS in the Kaplan–Meier curve (P = 0.013). Conclusion A high Hip-MFS risk and postoperative complications were associated with an increased 5-year mortality rate. In comparison to the occurrence of postoperative complications, the frailty status evaluated using the Hip-MFS had a more significant impact on long-term mortality after HF surgery.

Background: Hip fractures (HFs) are major osteoporotic injuries associated with morbidity, loss of independence, increased mortality, and an increased socioeconomic burden.The total number of HFs is increasing owing to an aging population. While studies have focused on 30-day or 1-year mortality after HF surgery, studies reporting long-term mortality are lacking. Our study bridges this knowledge gap by exploring the relationship between frailty, postoperative complications, and the 5-year mortality after HF surgery.This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with 5-year mortality after HF surgery. The impact of the Hip-Multidimensional Frailty Score (Hip-MFS) and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality was compared. Methods: This retrospective study included 536 individuals aged 65 years and older with HFs who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2014. The Hip-MFS was calculated using the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Patients whose Hip-MFS score above 8 considered as frail. Postoperative complications included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, delirium, pulmonary thromboembolism, and unplanned intensive care unit admission after surgery.The primary outcome was 5-year mortality. Univariate and multivariate cox-regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess predictive value of frailty and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality. Results: The mean age was 80.5 ± 7.0 years and 71.3% (n = 382) were women. Overall, 48.3% (n = 259) were diagnosed with femoral neck fractures, and 51.7% (n = 277) were diagnosed with intertrochanteric fractures. A total of 223 (41.6%) patients experienced postoperative complications. The overall mortality rate was 60.4% (n = 324), with 1-year and 5-year mortality rates after HF surgery being 13.8% (n = 74) and 43.8% (n = 235), respectively. In the multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, the high-risk Hip-MFS group and the group with postoperative complications had hazard ratios for 5-year survival of 1.513 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.105–2.017; P = 0.010) and 1.470 (95% CI, 1.117–1.936;P = 0.006), respectively. Patients who had postoperative complications with a low Hip-MFS showed better 5-year survival than those without postoperative complications with a high Hip-MFS in the Kaplan–Meier curve (P = 0.013). Conclusion A high Hip-MFS risk and postoperative complications were associated with an increased 5-year mortality rate. In comparison to the occurrence of postoperative complications, the frailty status evaluated using the Hip-MFS had a more significant impact on long-term mortality after HF surgery.

Background: Hip fractures (HFs) are major osteoporotic injuries associated with morbidity, loss of independence, increased mortality, and an increased socioeconomic burden.The total number of HFs is increasing owing to an aging population. While studies have focused on 30-day or 1-year mortality after HF surgery, studies reporting long-term mortality are lacking. Our study bridges this knowledge gap by exploring the relationship between frailty, postoperative complications, and the 5-year mortality after HF surgery.This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with 5-year mortality after HF surgery. The impact of the Hip-Multidimensional Frailty Score (Hip-MFS) and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality was compared. Methods: This retrospective study included 536 individuals aged 65 years and older with HFs who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2014. The Hip-MFS was calculated using the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Patients whose Hip-MFS score above 8 considered as frail. Postoperative complications included pneumonia, urinary tract infection, delirium, pulmonary thromboembolism, and unplanned intensive care unit admission after surgery.The primary outcome was 5-year mortality. Univariate and multivariate cox-regression, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess predictive value of frailty and postoperative complications on 5-year mortality. Results: The mean age was 80.5 ± 7.0 years and 71.3% (n = 382) were women. Overall, 48.3% (n = 259) were diagnosed with femoral neck fractures, and 51.7% (n = 277) were diagnosed with intertrochanteric fractures. A total of 223 (41.6%) patients experienced postoperative complications. The overall mortality rate was 60.4% (n = 324), with 1-year and 5-year mortality rates after HF surgery being 13.8% (n = 74) and 43.8% (n = 235), respectively. In the multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for clinical and demographic factors, the high-risk Hip-MFS group and the group with postoperative complications had hazard ratios for 5-year survival of 1.513 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.105–2.017; P = 0.010) and 1.470 (95% CI, 1.117–1.936;P = 0.006), respectively. Patients who had postoperative complications with a low Hip-MFS showed better 5-year survival than those without postoperative complications with a high Hip-MFS in the Kaplan–Meier curve (P = 0.013). Conclusion A high Hip-MFS risk and postoperative complications were associated with an increased 5-year mortality rate. In comparison to the occurrence of postoperative complications, the frailty status evaluated using the Hip-MFS had a more significant impact on long-term mortality after HF surgery.

Background: Chromosomal alterations serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute leukemia. Given the evolving landscape of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia, we previously studied these over two periods. In this study, we investigated the frequency of these abnormalities and clinical trends in acute leukemia in Korea across three time periods. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1,787 patients with acute leukemia (319 children and 1,468 adults) diagnosed between 2006 and 2020. Conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multiplex quantitative PCR were used for analysis. The patient groups were divided according to the following three study periods: 2006–2009 (I), 2010–2015 (II), and 2016–2020 (III). Results: Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 92% of patients. The PML::RARA translocation was the most frequent. Over the 15-yr period, chromosomal aberrations showed minimal changes, with specific fusion transcripts being common among patients.ALL was more prevalent in children than in adults and correlated significantly with the ETV6::RUNX1 and RUNX1::RUNX1T1 aberrations. The incidence of ALL increased during the three periods, with PML::RARA remaining common. Conclusions The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia has changed subtly over time. Notably, the age of onset of adult AML has continuously increased. Our results may help in establishing diagnoses and clinical treatment strategies and developing various molecular diagnostic platforms.

Sarcopenic obesity, characterized by the concurrent presence of muscle loss and obesity, poses significant health challenges, especially in the elderly. This review explores the impact of sarcopenic obesity on disability, metabolic health, comorbidities, and potential management strategies. With the aging global population, the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is expected to increase, necessitating a comprehensive management approach. Early screening, prevention, and ongoing research on its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic options are crucial for promoting healthy aging.

Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association.