No abstract available.
Education*

Allelic deletions involving the short arm of chromosome 3(3p13-21.1) have been observed frequently in cervical carcinomas. Recently the fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene was cloned and mapped to this chromosomal region(3p14.2). From various studies involving tumor cell lines and primary cancers, the FHIT gene has been presumed to be a candidate for tumor suppressor gene involving various tumors. In FHIT gene, the most common aphidicolin-inducible fragile site, FRA3B exists and the FRA3B has been considered as a region of the spontaneous integration site of HPV 16. In order to elucidate the role of the FHIT in carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, this study was designed to investigate both the expression of FHIT protein in normal, preinvasive and invasive cancer samples employing immunohistochemical study and allelic loss of FHIT gene locus against several microsatellite markers employing the PCR analysis. Immunohistochemical studies of FHIT protein revealed following features. In normal ectocervical squamous epithelium, the expression of FHIT was relatively weak and confined to the basal layer, but in normal endocervical glandular epithelium it was very strong. The expression of FHIT was reduced as the tumor progressed from early lesion to invasive cancer. The koilocytosis was associated with diminished expression of FHIT protein. The study of allelic loss of FHIT gene locus was undertaken against two intragenic (D3S1300, D3S1234) and one extragenic (D3S1295) microsatellite markers. The 5th intron, D3S1300, showed allelic change in 6 of 15 assays and 7th intron, D3S1234 showed allelic change in 10 of 29 assays. There was no apparent LOH from 29 assays in D3S1295. In conclusion, the expression of FHIT protein was markedly reduced or absent in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and the chromosome breakage in FHIT region might be related to the diminished expression of FHIT. On the basis of the reduced expression of FHIT and its encompassment of FRA3B region, it is suggested that disruption of FHIT, a putative tumor suppressor gene, might be the mechanism by which HPV infection enhances cervical tumorigenesis and clonal outgrowth.
Arm ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromosome Breakage ; Clone Cells ; Epithelium ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Histidine ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Introns ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Rearing is important to the growth and development of the child. Traditionally, nurturing is a maternal role which is expressive role. Maternal role was composed of mothering and maternicity. Rearing is a key concept of psychology, education and sociology discipline. Knowledge of the rearing is an essential component for the development of nursing as a science and a profession. The frist thing to study a concept is thought to be a concept analysis. So, in this study, concept analysis of the rearing was performed to clarify a concept of the rearing as a basis for the study of rearing afterward. The approach used for the concept analysis was the approach presented by Walker and Avant(1993). The defining attributes of rearing, identified in this study were (1) a series of caring activities in parent-child relation, (2) an essential of the growth and development of a child, (3) changeable according to time, place and object, (4) effort is necessary to the rearing, (5) positive or negative aspects (6) attitude, behavior, environment is sub-concepts of the rearing concept. The identified antecedents of the rearing was child-birth. The identified consequences of rearing were desirable or undesirable outcomes. Desirable outcome was the emotional satisfaction and growth in parent-child relation. Undesirable outcome was the emotional disorder and social maladaptation of the child. The empirical referents of the rearing could be the caring phenomena in parent-child relation.
Child ; Education ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nursing ; Parent-Child Relations ; Psychology ; Sociology ; Child Health

No abstract availalbe.
Hepatitis C, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Acromegaly*

No abstract available.
Pensions*

No abstract available.
Fatty Liver* ; Insulin