No abstract available.
Hepatitis* ; Interferons* ; Lamivudine*

The propolis, honey bee hive product, is a folk medicine for treating various ailrnents and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an extract of propolis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) or CAPE on the tumorigenesis, pulmonary metastases, and proliferation and activity of splenocytes and macrophages in ICR mice. EEP at 0.2, 2 or 20mg/ml applied topically on the back of each mice 30 minutes before application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate inhibited the number of tumors per mouse by 61, 75 or 100%, respectively. ...continue...
Animals ; Bees ; Carcinogenesis* ; Ethanol ; Honey ; Macrophages* ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Propolis*

Peptic ulcer can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract that contact with acid and pepsin. But usually peptic ulcer occurs at the stomach and duodenum and the location of peptic ulcer are localized to specific area within the stomach and duodenum. So I think that predilection of peptic ulcer to localized area may have clue for releaving the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. So I studied the location of peptic ulcer for the basic reserch of ulcer pathogenesis by means of dividing stomach into antrum, angle, lower body, middle body, upper body and lesser curvature, anterior wall, greater curvature, posterior wall and duodenum into anterior wall, lesser curvature, posterior wall, and greater curvature. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The chronic gastric ulcer was most common in the angle of lesser curvature (22.9%) and second common in the antrum of lesser curvature (22.3%). 2) The location of chronic and acute gastric ulcer was similar. 3) The proximal migration of ulcer site according to increasing age was not observed. 4) Chronic duodenal ulcer was occurred commonly in the lesser curvature (41.8%) and anterior wall (38.3%). 5) As the age increase, the incidence of chronic duodenal ulcer in the lesser curvature was increased and that of chronic duodemal ulcer in the anterior wall was decreased. 6) Acute ulcer of stomach and duodenum has no predilection site.
Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Incidence ; Pepsin A ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Renal Insufficiency*

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a multisystem disorder in which the various organs are damaged by deposition of autoantibodies and immune complex. Ocular man-ifestations of SLE are involvement of the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, episclera, retina and optic nerve. Retinal vascular manifestations are the most common form of ocular manifestation. Most frequently these consist of cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhage, but occasionally more severe retinal vaso'occlusive disease has been noted. The authors experienced 22 year'old woman who had SLE and severe retinal vaso'occlusive disease. Her left eye was treated with focal photocoagulation and vitrectomy but the visual acuity was F.C. 60 cm due to ischemic state of parafoveal capillary network. Right eye maintain visual acuity of 0.9 by photocoagulation and vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. As shown in this case, the SLE patients who developed vitreous hemorrhage due to extensive retinal vaso-occlusive disease may have very poor visual prognosis. So periodic ocular examinations and appropriate treatment for vascular occlusion can prevent serious visual loss in SLE.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Autoantibodies ; Capillaries ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Optic Nerve ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage ; Wool

The propolis, honey bee hive product, is a folk medicine for treating various ailments. Many important pharmaceutical properties have been ascribed to propolis, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunormodulatory and carcinostatic activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol extracted propolis(EEP) on the tumorigenesis and the growth of splenocytes and macrophages in ICR mice. Topical application of 0.2, 2 or mg/ml of EEP on the back of each mice 30 minutes before the application of 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene(DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA) inhibited the number of tumors per mouse by 61, 75 or 100%, respectively, and tumor size per mouse was decreased by 37, 75 or 100%, respectively. In 3-methylcholanthrene induced tumorigenesis, topical application of same doses of EEP inhibited the number of tumors per mouse by 19, 60 or 90%, and the tumor size per mouse by 58, 85 or 98%, respectively. Oral administration of mice with EEP at 0.2mg or more per day per mouse for 28days increased pulmonary metastases of the B16F10 melanoma cells in ICR mice by 240%, EEP of 3.75ug/ml or more inhibited the growth of ICR mouse spleen cells significantly(p<0.05), but EEP 0.94ug/ml or less did not affects the growth of the spleen cells in vitro. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE), which is derived from the propolis, of 0.94ug/ml or less increased the growth of spleen cells, but at the concentations of 3.75ug/ml or more, decreased the growth of spleen cells. EEP of 3.75-15ug/ml increased the growth of mouse peritoneal macrophages, but at the concentration of 60ug/ml, decreased the growth of the macrophages significantly(p<0.01). And also, CAPE of 0.94ug/ml or less did not affects the growth of the macrophages, but at the concentrations of 3.75ug/ml or more, decreased the growth of the macrophages significantly(p<0.01). DDP or CAPE inhibited the nitric oxide production of mouse peritoneal macrophages in concentration-dependent manner regardless of the number of the macrophages in vitro. These results suggest the possibility that the EEP or CAPE might suppress the immune function by the inhibition of growth and activity of spleen cells and macrophages.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bees ; Carcinogenesis* ; Ethanol ; Honey ; Macrophages* ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Medicine, Traditional ; Melanoma ; Methylcholanthrene ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nitric Oxide ; Propolis* ; Spleen

Small round cell tumors such as neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's tumor, malignant lymphoma and small cell carcinoma are often confused clinically and histologically. To clarify the similarites and differences and to get more information on the histogenesis among the small round cell tumors, we examined histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of ten cases of neuroblastomas, twenty Ewing's tumors, ten embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and twelve small cell carcinomas in children and young adults. Antibodies against desmin, vimentin, cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, neurofilament, S-100 protein, chromogranin and HBA 71 were used in biotin streptavidin procedures. The results of the immunohistochemical and electron microscopical examinations yielded virtually identical findings in each group as followings. 1) Among the twenty cases of Ewing's tumors, eighteen cases were positive in staining for HBA-71. The staining for HBA-71 was negative in neuroblastoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and small cell carcinoma. 2) Neuroblastomas had marked interdigitating cytoplasmic processes containing many microtubules and dense-core secretory granules, however, they were sparse and rare in Ewing's tumor. 3) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma showed actin-myosin bundles. According to differentiation, well differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma exhibited Z-band materials and external lamina. 4) Neuroblastoma showed ultrastructural evidence of a neuronal differentiation, but neuronal differentration is a sparse and rare in Ewing's tumor. This ultrastructural feature strengthens the hypothesis that Ewing's tumor is derived not only from an undifferentiated neuroectodermal stem cell but from primitive cell of neuroectodermal origin.
Antibodies ; Biotin ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Child ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Lymphoma ; Microtubules ; Neural Plate ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal ; S100 Proteins ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; Secretory Vesicles ; Stem Cells ; Streptavidin ; Synaptophysin ; Vimentin ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in human and rodents is associated with dramatic matemal metabolic changes. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mitogenic peptides that are essential for fetal and maternal tissue growth during pregnancy. They circulate complexed primarily with a serum IGF-binding protein (IGFBP-3) which regulates the availability of the IGFs to their specific target tissues. METHODS: To examine the changes of IGFs and IGFB-3 during pregnancy, we measured serum total IGF-I, free IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-3 by using specific radioimmunoassay, immunoradio-metric assay, western ligand blot and western immunoblot. Blood samples were obtained from 88 pregnant women between 6-40 weeks gestation. RESULTS: While serum IGF-I levels increased up to 50% in late pregnancy, serum IGF-II levels remained unchanged. However, serum free IGF-I levels were significantly higher during pregnancy than in nonpregnancy. Western ligand blot analysis revealed that IGFBP-3 in pregnancy serum was significantly decreased at 6 weeks of gestation, continued decreased level until term, and returned to a nonpregnant level by postpartum 10 day. Serum IGFBP-3 profiles in Western immunoblot analysis revealed that 30 kDa fragments of IGFBP-3 were detectable in pregnancy serum but not in nonpregnancy serum. In contrast, serum IGFBP-3 levels using radioimmunoassay was significantly increased in late pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: 1) serum IGF-I was significantly elevated in late pregnancy 2) serum IGF-II was not significantly changed 3) free IGF-I significantly elevated throughout gestation 4) intact IGFBP-3 was markedly reduced after 6 weeks of gestation.
Blotting, Western ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Peptides ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rodentia ; Somatomedins