In 2014, two genetically distinct H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were isolated from poultry and wild birds in Korea. The intravenous pathogenicity indices for the two representative viruses were both 3.0. Mortality of chickens intranasally inoculated with the two H5N8 viruses was 100% with a mean death times of 2.5 and 4.5 days. Mortality rates of the contact groups for the two H5N8 viruses were 33.3% and 66.6%. Our study showed that transmissibility of the novel H5N8 viruses was different from that of previously identified H5N1 HPAI viruses, possibly due to genetic changes.
Animals ; Chickens ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Influenza A virus/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Influenza in Birds/*mortality/transmission/virology ; Poultry Diseases/*mortality/transmission/virology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Virulence

Renal biopsy is a useful method for the diagnosis of kidney disease. Complications may occur and are usually associated with bleeding. However, delayed recurrent bleeding is so rare. We report a case of renal pelvic hematoma and hydronephrosis occurred by delayed re-bleeding after percutaneous needle renal biopsy. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our institution via emergency room with gross hematuria and left flank pain, which had started on that day. Renal biopsy had been done 8 days earlier. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed left hydronephrosis caused by pelvic hematoma and we observed bloody urine in the left ureteral orifice on cystoscopy. Hydration, diuresis and double J stent insertion restored hydronephrosis and hematuria was disappeared. Even though renal pelvic hematoma by delayed bleeding occurs rarely after percutaneous needle kidney biopsy, we should consider this complication when delayed recurrent gross hematuria occurs after kidney biopsy.
Adult ; Angiography ; Biopsy ; Cystoscopy ; Diuresis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Needles ; Stents ; Ureter

Late adverse reactions to iodinated contrast medium are defined as reactions occurring 1 hour to 1 week after contrast medium injection. The majority of late adverse reactions are cutaneous reactions, and include itching, maculopapular rash, urticaria, erythematous patches, and angioedema. We report a patient with an iodixanol (Visipaque(R))-induced late adverse reaction. She was admitted for evaluation of nephrotic range proteinuria and edema. Abdomen and chest enhanced computed tomography was performed as a malignancy work-up. Sixteen hours after radiocontrast exposure, her entire body felt itchy. A maculopapular rash was first detected on her back and abdomen 24 hours after exposure, and spread over her entire body, including her face. Her skin lesions resolved completely in 5 days after administering steroid and antihistamine. We should consider late adverse reactions of iodinated contrast medium when we detect skin lesions late after radiocontrast use.
Abdomen ; Angioedema ; Edema ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Proteinuria ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Thorax ; Triiodobenzoic Acids ; Urticaria

Late adverse reactions to iodinated contrast medium are defined as reactions occurring 1 hour to 1 week after contrast medium injection. The majority of late adverse reactions are cutaneous reactions, and include itching, maculopapular rash, urticaria, erythematous patches, and angioedema. We report a patient with an iodixanol (Visipaque(R))-induced late adverse reaction. She was admitted for evaluation of nephrotic range proteinuria and edema. Abdomen and chest enhanced computed tomography was performed as a malignancy work-up. Sixteen hours after radiocontrast exposure, her entire body felt itchy. A maculopapular rash was first detected on her back and abdomen 24 hours after exposure, and spread over her entire body, including her face. Her skin lesions resolved completely in 5 days after administering steroid and antihistamine. We should consider late adverse reactions of iodinated contrast medium when we detect skin lesions late after radiocontrast use.
Abdomen ; Angioedema ; Edema ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Proteinuria ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Thorax ; Triiodobenzoic Acids ; Urticaria

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is an extremely contagious and high mortality rates in chickens resulting in substantial economic impact on the poultry sector. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of HPAIV for infection control. Objective: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) can effectively avoid the limitations of subjective screening for differential gene expression. Therefore, we performed GSEA to compare HPAI-infected resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines. Methods: The Ri chickens Mx(A)/BF2(B21) were chosen as resistant, and the chickens Mx(G)/ BF2(B13) were selected as susceptible by genotyping the Mx and BF2 genes. The tracheal tissues of HPAIV H5N1 infected chickens were collected for RNA sequencing followed by GSEA analysis to define gene subsets to elucidate the sequencing results. Results: We identified four differentially expressed pathways, which were immune-related pathways with a total of 78 genes. The expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), chemokines (CCL4 and CCL5), type interferons and their receptors (IFN-β, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and IFNGR1), Jak-STAT signaling pathway genes (STAT1, STAT2, and JAK1), MHC class I and II and their co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, DMB2, BLB2, and B2M), and interferon stimulated genes (EIF2AK2 and EIF2AK1) in resistant chickens were higher than those in susceptible chickens. Conclusions Resistant Ri chickens exhibit a stronger antiviral response to HPAIV H5N1 compared with susceptible chickens. Our findings provide insights into the immune responses of genetically disparate chickens against HPAIV.

Purpose: We developed a comprehensive return to work (RTW) intervention covering physical, psycho-social and practical issues for patients newly diagnosed and evaluated its efficacy in terms of RTW. Materials and Methods: A multi-center randomized controlled trial was done to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention conducted at two university-based cancer centers in Korea. The intervention program comprised educational material at diagnosis, a face-to-face educational session at completion of active treatment, and three individualized telephone counseling sessions. The control group received other education at enrollment. Results: At 1-month post-intervention (T2), the intervention group was more likely to be working compared to the control group after controlling working status at diagnosis (65.4% vs. 55.9%, p=0.037). Among patients who did not work at baseline, the intervention group was 1.99-times more likely to be working at T2. The mean of knowledge score was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (7.4 vs. 6.8, p=0.029). At the 1-year follow-up, the intervention group was 65% (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 3.48) more likely to have higher odds for having work. Conclusion The intervention improved work-related knowledge and was effective in facilitating cancer patients’ RTW.