Transient hyperkalemia is well known to occur in man following intravenous administration of succinylcholine chloride. We studied the change of the serum potassium concentration after injection of succinylcholine in nonburn patients and electricburn patients, physical status 1 or 2 adopted by the American Society of Anesthesiologists. We compared two groups: Non-burn patient group(Group 1) as control, Electric burn patient group (Group 2) as experimental. The following results were obtained: 1) In non-burn patient group(Group 1) serum potassium concentration was slightly decreased in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 10th minute after succinylcholine injection compared with control, but nostatistical significance was noticed in this group. 2) In electric burn patient group (Group 2) serum potassium concentration was maximally increased compared with the controls. Statistical significance was noticed at the 2nd and 3rd minute after succinylcholine injection in this group.
Administration, Intravenous ; Burns, Electric* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Potassium ; Succinylcholine*

No abstract available.
Mediastinitis*

No abstract available.
Mediastinitis*

After the clinical introduction of halothane, the problem of hepatotoxicity and mechanism has major implications for the practice of anesthesiology. This study was undertaken to investigate the liver function change after halothane anesthesia in 22 cases of electric burn patient. In this study, all cases had a great elevation of SGOT and SGPT levels, and previous experience of inhalation anesthesia, jaundice and who had not been transfused during this study. The following results were obtained: 1) Elevation of the SGOT and SGPT in electric burn patients may be influenced by damage of skeletal muscle and transaminase released into systemic circulation. 2) In the electric burn patients, elevation of the SGOT and SGPT does not enhance the susceptibility of the liver to injury by halothane.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesiology ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Burns, Electric* ; Halothane* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Liver* ; Muscle, Skeletal

This study was designed to investigate the peri-implant tissue reaction in ovariectomized osteoporotic female rats, and to evaluate effects of estrogen, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone on the bone - implant interface in osteoporotic rats. 120 Sprague - Dawley rats were used in this experiments. Osteoporosis was induced by bilateral ovariectomy. They were divided 5 groups ; sham-operated control group(Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), OVX and estrogen treated group (OVX+E), OVX and PTH treated group (OVX+PTH), and OVX and calcitonin treated group (OVX+CT). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, two titanium screw implants were inserted into the left tibia of each rat. Eight weeks after the insertion of the implants, the periotest values (PTV) of implant were examined, and the rats were sacrificed, and examined the reaction of bone tissue surrounding the implant both histologically and histomorphometrically. The bone density and ash weight of opposite right tibia were examined. Over 40 rats were fractured on left tibia that was implant inserted. On histologically finding, all groups were osseointegrated well, especially in OVX+PTH group. In OVX group, tibial cortical bone showed many large harversian canal and microfracture lines. The OVX+PTH group showed the lowest mean PTV (-2.33) (p<0.05), and the hightest mean bone - implant contact percentage (89%) (p>0.05). But the OVX+CT group showed the highest mean bone density (5.45mg/cm3) and ash weight (56.12%) (p<0.05). The results indicate that PTH treatment enhances osseointegration of implant in OVX rats, and CT treatment depresses bone turnover and prevent the development of osteopenia in OVX rats.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Calcitonin ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Osseointegration ; Osteoporosis ; Ovariectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Rats* ; Tibia ; Titanium

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing induces left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony, increases the risk of persistent atrial fibrillation in the long term. The aim was to investigate the effects of RVA pacing on left atrial (LA) function, which are unknown. METHODS: Echocardiographic evaluation including LV dyssynchrony based on conventional Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking strain echocardiography was done before and after (12 months) single-chamber ventricular pacemaker implantation in 40 patients with sick sinus syndrome. Patients were divided to 2 groups, according to the RVA pacing frequency (group I had higher pacing rate of more than 50% and group II, less than 50%). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in LV ejection fraction, however, mean global LV strain, myocardial performance index, and parameters of LV dyssynchrony had shown significant changes after 12 months of RVA pacing. There were also significant increase in the LA volume index and the reduction of peak systolic LA strain and strain rate (SR), peak early and late diastolic SR after RVA pacing. Moreover, there was significant deterioration of LV dyssynchrony and both LA and LV longitudinal function in even group II. LA functional deterioration and LA volume was significantly correlated with the frequency of RVA pacing. CONCLUSION: LV dyssynchrony, induced by RVA pacing, significantly impaired active LA contraction and passive stretching, and these findings were shown in the patients with even less than 50% of RVA pacing. Impairment of LA strain/SR was significantly correlated with the frequency of RVA pacing.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Function ; Atrial Function, Left ; Contracts ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Muscle Stretching Exercises ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Sprains and Strains ; Track and Field

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing induces left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony, increases the risk of persistent atrial fibrillation in the long term. The aim was to investigate the effects of RVA pacing on left atrial (LA) function, which are unknown. METHODS: Echocardiographic evaluation including LV dyssynchrony based on conventional Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking strain echocardiography was done before and after (12 months) single-chamber ventricular pacemaker implantation in 40 patients with sick sinus syndrome. Patients were divided to 2 groups, according to the RVA pacing frequency (group I had higher pacing rate of more than 50% and group II, less than 50%). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in LV ejection fraction, however, mean global LV strain, myocardial performance index, and parameters of LV dyssynchrony had shown significant changes after 12 months of RVA pacing. There were also significant increase in the LA volume index and the reduction of peak systolic LA strain and strain rate (SR), peak early and late diastolic SR after RVA pacing. Moreover, there was significant deterioration of LV dyssynchrony and both LA and LV longitudinal function in even group II. LA functional deterioration and LA volume was significantly correlated with the frequency of RVA pacing. CONCLUSION: LV dyssynchrony, induced by RVA pacing, significantly impaired active LA contraction and passive stretching, and these findings were shown in the patients with even less than 50% of RVA pacing. Impairment of LA strain/SR was significantly correlated with the frequency of RVA pacing.
Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Function ; Atrial Function, Left ; Contracts ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Muscle Stretching Exercises ; Sick Sinus Syndrome ; Sprains and Strains ; Track and Field

We report here a case of maternal 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (3-MCC) deficiency in a Korean woman. Her 2 infants had elevated 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH) on a neonatal screening test by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), but normal results were found on urine organic acid analysis. The patient was subjected to serial testing and we confirmed a maternal 3-MCC deficiency by blood spot and breast milk spot test by LC-MS/MS, serum amino acid analysis, urine organic acid and molecular genetic analysis that found c.838G>T (p.Asp280Tyr) homozygous mutation within exon 9 of the MCCB gene. Especially, we confirmed marked higher levels of C5-OH on breast milk spot by LC-MS/MS, in the case of maternal 3-MCC deficiency vs. controls.
Breast* ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Spectrometry ; Milk, Human* ; Molecular Biology ; Neonatal Screening

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : The goal of this study was to identify the central modulation of the auditory pathway by peripheral inflammation and loud sound exposure, which is associated with proinflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHOD : Eight male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 125-8,000 Hz, 90 dB white noise for three hours. Immediately, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 3 days after the sound stimuli, 2 rats were sacrificed respectively. For the inflammatory stimuli, 10 rats were inoculated with LPS (100 microgram/50 microliter) through ipsilateral tympanic membrane. In 3 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, 3 days and 7 days, 2 rats were sacrificed respectively. The brains of rats were prepared including the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus. The brains were stained for c-fos (proto-oncogene proteins) and IL-1beta. Two normal control rats were sacrificed without treatment. RESULTS : In the noise exposure group, c-fos and IL-1beta were expressed along the previously known auditory neural pathway and some non-hearing-related nuclei. In the LPS injection group, the c-fos and inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta were mainly expressed along the ascending afferent auditory pathway such as cochlear nucleus, trapezoid body, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus. IL-1beta expression was also found in the nuclei of non auditory pathway such as locus coeruleus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and vestibular nucleus. CONCLUSION : These results show that inflammatory reactions of peripheral middle ear cavity and loud sound exposure may induce expression of proinflammatory cytokines along the afferent auditory circuit and the functional auditory pathway. It might be suggested that peripheral changes by inflammation or loud sound could induce functional and physiologic alterations in the auditory system via neuroimmunomodulation.
Adult ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways ; Brain ; Cochlear Nucleus ; Cytokines ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Inferior Colliculi ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1beta ; Locus Coeruleus ; Male ; Neural Pathways ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Noise ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tympanic Membrane

Background: We aimed to examine the uptake of infliximab and etanercept biosimilars in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its economic implication for healthcare expenditure. Methods: Using Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service National Patient Samples, we extracted RA patients who used biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) between 2009 and 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the basic features of the data. We calculated the proportion of users of each bDMARD among total patients with bDMARDs half-yearly. We assessed changes in the utilization proportions of bDMARDs including 4 tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) and 2 non-TNFis, which have been approved for RA in Korea: etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, tocilizumab, and abatacept, and analyzed the changes in market share of biosimilars among the bDMARDs after their introduction. Overall trends of medical costs for each bDMARD were presented over the 10-year period. Results: Since the introduction of the biosimilar TNFis in 2012, the proportion of their use among bDMARDs steadily increased to 15.8% in 2018. While there has been a gradual increase in the use of biosimilar TNFis, the use of the corresponding originators has been decreasing. The introduction of biosimilar TNFis has resulted in a decrease in the medical costs of patients using either originator or biosimilar TNFis. Conclusion In Korea, the proportional use of biosimilar TNFis has gradually increased since their introduction. The availability of less expensive biosimilar TNFis seems to have brought about a decrease in the medical costs of users of the originators.