PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of job stress and empowerment on nursing performance of clinical nurses working in small and medium hospital. METHODS: The empirical data were collected from a self-administered survey using a structured questionnaire with 404 nurses working in 4 medium-sized hospitals (less than 300 beds), located in I-city. The data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in nursing performance depending on general characteristics (age, marital status, religion, shift work, education level, position, clinical experience, department, and monthly salary). Empowerment correlated with nursing performance. Factors influencing on nursing performance were empowerment, clinical experience, job stress, and marital status with R2 value of 36.3%. The most influencing factor was empowerment (beta=.47), followed by clinical experience (beta=.24), job stress (beta=.20), and marriage (beta=.12). CONCLUSION: It is needed to implement specific empowerment strategy, control job stress, and reward experienced and married nurses working in medium-sized hospital for improving nursing task performance.
Marital Status ; Marriage ; Power (Psychology) ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reward ; Task Performance and Analysis

STUDY DESIGN: Ninty eight patients with multilevel spinal stenosis who were treated with posterior decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were divided two groups by pathologic level and surgery level. One is complete level decompression group (whole pathologic levels were decompressed) and the other is limited level decompression group (less than pathologic levels were decompressed). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Many patients with spinal stenosis haute multilevel pathology, which is very difficult problem to make surgical strategy for determination of decompression level. METHOD: Patients were reviewed using combination of clinical records, follow-up examinations and radiographs. Posterior decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion were performed in all patients using pedicle screw fixation (TSRH 49 cases, Diapason 37 cases, CCD 12 cases) and either autogenous bone graft alone or autograft with allograft. The average follow-up period was 19.7 months. RESULTS: In the clinical results by the criteria of Kirkalldy-Willis, there was no difference between complete level decompression group and limited level decompression group. By the bone graft mothorts, fusion rate was no difference between autograft alone group and autograft with allograft group, but fusion periods were more shorter in autograft alone group than in autograft with allograft group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: In multilevel spinal stenosis, the segments that associated with neurologic symptoms or seyeie stenosis on radiograph must be decompressed but the segments that not associated with neurologic symptoms and mild stenosis on radiograph do not need preventive decompression.
Allografts ; Autografts ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Transplants*

Oriental liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) infection was surveyed among residents of Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea during the period of January 2001 to March 2002. Total 1,041 stool samples were collected from residents who visited Public Health Center and its branches in Hamyang-gun and examined using formalin-ether sedimentation method. The overall egg positive rate was 16%, male showing higher positive rate (21%) than female (10%). The age group of 30 to 50 years had the highest egg positive rate of C. sinensis from 20% to 22%. The positive examinees were treated with praziquantel and educated individually to prevent reinfection. Egg positive rate in this area was decreased when compared with results recorded in the past, however, still remained more than 10%. This study suggests that periodic examination, treatment as well as education of residents should be continued and systematized.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Clonorchiasis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Human ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parasite Egg Count ; Patient Education ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; Sex Factors ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic vasculitis of childhood. The early mortality of KD results from coronary complications, mainly aneurysmal thrombosis with myocardial infarction, and the subacute phase of KD has the highest risk of mortality. Although there have been reports of ischemic heart disease as late cardiologic sequelae of KD in young adults, acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary complications in the subacute phase of KD is rare. We experienced one pediatric patient who developed coronary artery aneurysm and acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) during the subacute phase of incomplete and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-nonresponsive KD. The patient was given a good prognosis due to close monitoring and early recognition of AMI. Physicians should carefully monitor KD patients who do not respond to initial IVIG therapy and who show progressive coronary artery dilatation. If such a patient complaints of chest pain and the ECG shows hyperacute T waves, the physician should suspect development of AMI.
Aneurysm ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Infarction ; Male* ; Mortality ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Prognosis ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Thrombosis ; Young Adult

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Many dental clinicians are concerned about immediate loading of inserted implants. However, there have been few clinical studies surveying the success rates of immediate loading, based on Korean implant systems. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate functional loading of the implant (SinusQuick(TM) EB, Neobiotech Co., Seoul, Korea) in partially edentulous maxilla or mandible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 15 implants were placed. Within 2 weeks after implant insertion, provisional implant-supported fixed partial dentures were delivered to the patients. Quantitatively, marginal bone loss was measured at the time of immediate loading, after 3-months of continued loading and at the last follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 4.8 months. RESULTS: Mean marginal bone loss from implant surgery to early loading, 3-months follow-up and last follow-up was 0.03 +/- 0.07 mm, 0.16 +/- 0.17 mm and 0.29 +/- 0.19 mm. No implant failed up to 6 months after insertion, resulting in a 100% survival rate. CONCLUSION: Immediate loading exhibited high success rate in partial edentulism for up to 6 months. Well-controlled long term clinical studies with large sample size are necessary to confirm this finding.
Dental Implants ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Prospective Studies ; Sample Size ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study assessed the effectiveness of hand massage on reducing discomfort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). METHODS: The sample consisted of 62 patients admitted to an university affiliated hospital. The 30 patients in experimental group received hand massage developed by Snyder(1995) for 5 minutes on both hands and 32 patients in control group received the usual nursing intervention only. The outcome variable of discomfort was measured 10 minutes before and after the hand massage using Questionnaire and VAS. The data were collected from Feb. 5th to May 17th in 2007, and analysed through Chi-square, and t-test with SPSS WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The level of discomfort measured with the questionnaire was decreased in experimental group, but increased in control group. This discomfort changes in two groups were significantly different(t=4.43, p<.001). The level of discomfort measured with VAS was also decreased in experimental group, but increased in control group. The changes were significant, too(t=5.62, p<.001). CONCLUSION: It was clear that hand massage could be a useful nursing intervention in reducing the discomfort of patients undergoing PCI.
Hand ; Humans ; Massage ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the prenatal, perinatal and developmental risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), compared to unaffected siblings (SIB), and typically developing children (TC). METHODS: Subjects with ADHD, their SIB, and TC were recruited from the child psychiatry outpatient clinic of the Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital. The parents of the children completed questionnaires on perinatal and developmental risk factors. RESULTS: Fifty-eight subjects with ADHD (41 boys, 7.7+/-1.3 years), 21 SIB (8 boys, 8.2+/-1.8 years), and 22 TC (8 boys, 8.5+/-2.1 years) were included. The ADHD group showed higher rates of maternal stress during pregnancy than the SIB group (p=.002), and the ADHD group showed higher rates of familial psychiatric history than the TC (odds ratio, 8.76 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.69 to 45.45). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that among perinatal and developmental factors, maternal stress during pregnancy contribute to the development of ADHD. Future prospective studies will be needed in order to determine the causal relationship between perinatal risk factors and development of ADHD.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child ; Child Psychiatry ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors* ; Siblings ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Toxicology

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal and prosthodontic complications of multiple freestanding implants in the posterior jaws for up to 1 year of function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight patients received 20 implants posterior to canines. Two or more implants were consecutively inserted to each patient. Single crowns were delivered onto the implants. Marginal bone loss, implant mobility, probing depth, and screw loosening were examined to evaluate the clinical success of such restorations for maximum 1 year of functional loading. RESULTS: All the implants performed well during the observation period. Neither periodontal nor prosthodontic complications were found except a slight porcelain chipping. While the marginal bone level was on average 0.09 mm lower around the implant after 6 months of loading, it was 0.15 mm higher after 1 year. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this investigation, separate single-tooth implant restorations to replace consecutive missing teeth may clinically function well in the posterior jaw.
Cohort Studies ; Crowns ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Dental Porcelain ; Humans ; Jaw ; Prospective Studies ; Prosthodontics ; Tooth

PURPOSE: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Family Management Measure (Korean FaMM) to assess applicability for families with children having chronic illnesses. METHODS: The Korean FaMM was articulated through forward-backward translation methods. Internal consistency reliability, construct and criterion validity were calculated using PASW WIN (19.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 341 mothers of children suffering from chronic disease enrolled in a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. RESULTS: The Korean version of FaMM showed reliable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .69-.91. Factor loadings of the 53 items on the six sub-scales ranged from 0.28-0.84. The model of six subscales for the Korean FaMM was validated by expiratory and confirmatory factor analysis (chi2<.001, RMR<.05, GFI, AGFI, NFI, NNFI>.08). Criterion validity compared to the Parental Stress Index (PSI) showed significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean FaMM showed satisfactory construct and criterion validity and reliability. It is useful to measure Korean family's management style with their children who have a chronic illness.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; *Family Relations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parenting ; Parents/*psychology ; *Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Stress, Psychological ; Translating