No abstract available.
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical and radiographic results of spine fracutre treated with pedicle screws and hooks were reviewed. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy of tile pedicle screw and hook for thoracolumar bursting fracture. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Despite of the mechanical advantage of the pedicle screw, the metal failure in short segment fusion has been reported. A biomechanical study showed additional laminar hook increased rotational strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 1996, seventeen patients who had a Denis type B bursting fracture of the thoracolumbar spine were treated by posterior instrumentation with pedicle screws and laminar hooks and auterior interbody fusion after partial corpectomy. They have been followed for an average of 13.4 months. RESULTS: At last follow-up, radiographs showed successful fusion of the injured spinal segment in all patient. The subsidence of grafts which were used In anterior interbody fusion was an average of 0.76mm. There was a loss of 2.6 degrees on average in the correction of the kyphosis. No patients had screw breakage or loosening. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that posterior fixation with screws and hooks, anterior decompression by partial corpectomy, and strut-grafting in patient who had a Denis type B bursting frafture of the thoracolumbar spine yielded good radiographic and functional results.
Decompression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Spine* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine the clinical progression of serous retinal detachment(RD) due to hypertensive choroidopathy in toxemia of pregnancy. METHODS: We diagnosed 437 preeclampsia and eclampsia patients in 9, 689 consecutive deliveries at the Chunchon Sacred Heart Hospital from January 1996 to December 2000, and found 35 cases of serous RD among them. We retrospectively studied the incidence, clinical characteristics of the patients, location, and shape of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lesions. RESULTS: Among the 9, 689 pregnant women, there were 429 cases (4.4%) of preeclampsia and 8 (0.08%) of eclampsia. Serous RD occurred in 32 cases of preeclampsia (7.5%), and 3 of eclampsia (38%). In the preeclampsia cases, there were 26 cases (81%) of severe type, and 6 (19%) of mild type. The mean age of serous RD patients was 29.53yrs. Twenty-two cases (63%) in the 35 cases of serous RD were primipara patients, and 13 (37%) were multipara. Twenty-two cases (63%) in 35 the serous RD patients featured binocular involvement. Reattachment of retina was attained in all cases of serous RD, with a mean recovery interval of 18 days. CONCLUSIONS: Serous retinal detachment induced by toxemia of pregnancy can occur in mild preeclampsia patients. Reattachment of retina was attained in all serous RD cases. These study results will provide assurance for the treatment of serous retinal detachment patients.
Eclampsia ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Incidence ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retrospective Studies ; Telescopes

Objective: To evaluate the signal intensity of the periosteum using ultrashort echo time pulse sequence with threedimensional cone trajectory (3D UTE) with or without fat suppression (FS) to distinguish from artifacts in porcine tibias. Materials and Methods: The periosteum and overlying soft tissue of three porcine lower legs were partially peeled away from the tibial cortex. Another porcine tibia was prepared as three segments: with an intact periosteum outer and inner layer, with an intact periosteum inner layer, and without periosteum. Axial T1 weighted sequence (T1 WI) and 3D UTE (FS) were performed. Another porcine tibia without periosteum was prepared and subjected to 3D UTE (FS) and T1 WI twice, with positional changes. Two radiologists analyzed images to reach a consensus. Results: The three periosteal tissues that were partially peeled away from the cortex showed a high signal in 3D UTE (FS) and low signal on T1 WI. 3D UTE (FS) showed a high signal around the cortical surface with an intact outer and inner periosteum, and subtle high signals, mainly around the upper cortical surfaces with the inner layer of the periosteum and without periosteum. T1 WI showed no signal around the cortical surfaces, regardless of the periosteum state. The porcine tibia without periosteum showed changes in the high signal area around the cortical surface as the position changed in 3D UTE (FS). No signal was detected around the cortical surface in T1 WI, regardless of the position change. Conclusion The periosteum showed a high signal in 3D UTE and 3D UTE FS that overlapped with artifacts around the cortical bone.

Objective: To evaluate the signal intensity of the periosteum using ultrashort echo time pulse sequence with threedimensional cone trajectory (3D UTE) with or without fat suppression (FS) to distinguish from artifacts in porcine tibias. Materials and Methods: The periosteum and overlying soft tissue of three porcine lower legs were partially peeled away from the tibial cortex. Another porcine tibia was prepared as three segments: with an intact periosteum outer and inner layer, with an intact periosteum inner layer, and without periosteum. Axial T1 weighted sequence (T1 WI) and 3D UTE (FS) were performed. Another porcine tibia without periosteum was prepared and subjected to 3D UTE (FS) and T1 WI twice, with positional changes. Two radiologists analyzed images to reach a consensus. Results: The three periosteal tissues that were partially peeled away from the cortex showed a high signal in 3D UTE (FS) and low signal on T1 WI. 3D UTE (FS) showed a high signal around the cortical surface with an intact outer and inner periosteum, and subtle high signals, mainly around the upper cortical surfaces with the inner layer of the periosteum and without periosteum. T1 WI showed no signal around the cortical surfaces, regardless of the periosteum state. The porcine tibia without periosteum showed changes in the high signal area around the cortical surface as the position changed in 3D UTE (FS). No signal was detected around the cortical surface in T1 WI, regardless of the position change. Conclusion The periosteum showed a high signal in 3D UTE and 3D UTE FS that overlapped with artifacts around the cortical bone.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred sixty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (16.3 mm x 16.3 mm x 2.0 mm) were divided into 5 groups (Group I to V) according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications. Each group was then divided into 11 subgroups by reducing the thickness up to 1.0 mm in 0.1-mm increments (Subgroup 0 to 10, n=3). Colors and spectral distributions were measured according to CIELAB on a reflection spectrophotometer. All measurements were performed on five different areas of each specimen. Color difference (DeltaE*(ab)) and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffe test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences in CIE L* between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups in all groups. CIE a* increased (0.523.7) were obtained between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups. TP values generally increased as the thickness reduction increased in all groups (R2>0.89, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing thickness reduction reduces lightness and increases a reddish, bluish appearance, and translucency of monolithic zirconia ceramics.
Ceramics* ; Prosthesis Coloring

PURPOSE: Unpredictable shrinkage of zirconia during sintering process causes discrepancy. Therefore, there have been attempts to reduce discrepancy by milling zirconia after sintering. However, due to the hardness of sintered zirconia, milling takes longer time, causes damage to the machine and causes chip formation. With customized zirconia block using the mean dimension of prepared natural dentition, it is expected to overcome these shortcomings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mean dimension of prepared natural dentition was analyzed as STL file after scanning of prepared teeth treated at SNUDH. The transverse, frontal and sagittal planes were set using Mimics and Photoshop. 3D volume was projected on each plane, and the outer line was measured through external tangent line, and the inner line was measured through inflection point of tangent line. RESULTS: The mean height of prepared incisal (N = 57) is 6.60 ± 1.05 mm, mesiodistal length is 2.98 ± 0.73 mm, buccolingual length is 2.04 ± 0.73 mm. The mean height of prepared premolar (N = 15) is 5.37 ± 1.49 mm, mesiodistal length is 4.10 ± 1.78 mm, buccolingual length is 5.86 ± 1.55 mm. And the mean height of prepared molar (N = 13) is 5.11 ± 1.29 mm, mesiodistal length is 6.80 ± 1.18 mm, buccolingual length is 7.34 ± 1.40 mm. CONCLUSION: Using the mean dimension of prepared natural dentition, it is expected to be able to fabricate customized zirconia block.
Bicuspid ; Dentition ; Hardness ; Molar ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the film thicknesses of several resin cements as a function of time after mixing and to examine the effect of working time on the film thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The film thickness (microm) of 4 resin cements (n=10), 1 composite resin (Panavia F 2.0), 3 self-adhesive resin (Clearfil SA luting, Zirconite, RelyX U200) cements was measured at 20-second intervals after mixing of the cements up to 200 seconds under a load of 50 N. Linear regression was fitted to verify the effect of working time on the film thickness of each cement. Data were compared to the working time recommended by manufacturers using Wilcoxon test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: All of the materials showed a positive linear correlation between the film thickness and working time. There was no statistically significant difference between the working time based on our results and the values recommended by the manufacturers even though there was a discrepancy between those two values. CONCLUSION: The film thickness of resin cements could increase with the increase of working time. Working time to meet the ISO standard of 50-microm maximum film thickness could be different from the manufacturer's recommended value.
Linear Models ; Resin Cements ; Resins, Synthetic*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anthracyclines are effective drugs that are widely used in pediatric cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to low-dose anthracyclines (<300 mg/m2) induces a progressive decrease in cardiac function during long-term follow-up. The goal of this study was to assess left ventricular function using vector velocity imaging (VVI) in children undergoing low-dose anthracycline therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We examined 14 asymptomatic patients who had been treated with anthracyclines and had normal fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). In all of the patients, standard two-dimensional (2D) pulsed and tissue Doppler echocardiographic measurements were taken from an apical 4-chamber view. The peak myocardial velocity, peak strain rate (SR), peak strain, and displacement were obtained from VVI. Data were compared with 14 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: From the regional wall motion analysis using VVI in the left ventricle, the peak myocardial velocity and displacement of the lateral wall were increased significantly more than the septum, and there were no significant differences between the patients and the controls. Although systolic strain, and the systolic and diastolic SRs showed no significant differences between the septum and lateral wall in the controls, those of septum, in the patients, were decreased significantly more than those of lateral wall (p<0.05). In comparison with the controls, these changes in septal strain and SRs of patients were significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Anthracycline therapy, even low-dose, can induce changes in regional wall function before global dysfunction. Also, the strain and SR obtained from VVI may be useful for early detection of these changes.
Anthracyclines ; Child ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Sprains and Strains ; Ventricular Function, Left

The nerve conduction study with the inching method has been performed to characterize the nature of lesion (focal of diffuse) within the carpal tunnel and to increase the diagnostic sensibility of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The sensory nerve conduction velocity of finger-to-palm (F-P) segment of median never or the ratio of sensory nerve conduction velocity of palm-to-wrist (PW) segment to F-P segment of the median nerve (P-W/F-P ratio) was also measured to differentiate the CTS from the early peripheral polyneuropathy, which may only involve the median nerve. Conduction times of the sensory median nerve between the midpalm and the distal forearm in 2cm increments were measured orthodromically in controls (n=32) and CTS patients. The P-W/F-P ratio in control, CTS without diabetes mellitus (DM) (n=23), CTS with DM (n=9), and diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DP) groups was compared. The criteria for focal lesion within the carpal tunnel were defined as follows 1) If the maximal conduction time is located at 4-2cm segment distal(designated as '-') to distal wrist crease, it must be prolonged more than 4 times that of the adjoining distal segment or 6 times that of adjoining proximal segment. 2) If the maximal conduction time is located at -6--4cm segment, it must be beprolonged more than 4 times that of the adjoining proximal segment. According to above criteria, the incidened of focal lesion within the carpal tunnel was 84.4%(27/32) and the most common segment of focal lesion was -4--2cm segment(85.2%, 23/27). The P-W/F-P ratio was more decreased in CTS without DM (0. 55 + 0. 11) and CTS with DM(O.68+0.07) groups than control(0382+0.09) and DP(O.81+0.09) groups(P<0.01). In CTS groups, it was more decreased in CTS without DM group than CTS with DM group(p<0.05). So the measurement of sensory nerve conduction velocity of F-P segment of median nerve or the P-W/F-P ratio is helpful not only to evalucate the early distal involvement of peripheral neuropathy but also to establish the subclinical involvement of the segment distal to transverse carpal ligament in CTS with DM group.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Forearm ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Polyneuropathies ; Wrist