BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adult studies have reported that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) show ultrastructural and functional myocardial deterioration. The aim of this study was to assess whether cardiac functional deterioration can be detected in pediatric patients with type I DM and whether or not a relatively short duration of DM and hyperglycemia influences cardiac function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven children and adolescents with DM and 38 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), DM-induced complications, and left ventricular (LV) function as assessed using conventional and unconventional echocardiography {tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and vector velocity imaging (VVI)} were evaluated. RESULTS: The conventional echocardiographic parameters, with the exception of early peak mitral inflow velocity, the findings of pulsed wave TDI at the annular level, and regional ventricular function by VVI, were not significantly different between the two groups. Using the conventional and unconventional indices of systolic and diastolic function, no significant relationship was found between the duration of DM and the echocardiographic parameters. The deceleration time (DT) and E'/A' had an inverse correlation with HbA1c (p=0.042 and p=0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with DM in childhood and early adolescence rarely have insight on the significance of DM, and their diet is difficult to control. An alteration of myocardial function induced by DM may begin earlier than generally thought, and these changes are accelerated when glycemic control is poor. We recommend the early institution of close observation of patients with diabetes for alterations in cardiac function, in addition to other diabetic complications.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Deceleration ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diet ; Echocardiography ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Ventricular Function ; Ventricular Function, Left

A recently recognized connective tissue disorder, Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a genetic aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-receptor type I or II gene (TGFBR1 or TGFBR2). They have distinctive phenotypic abnormalities including widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), bifid uvula or cleft palate, and arterial tortuosity with aortic aneurysm or dissection throughout the arterial tree. LDS is characterized by aggressive and rapid progression of aortic aneurysm. Therefore, the patients with distinct phenotype, marked aortic dilatation and aneurysm at early age should be suspected to be affected by LDS and rapid TGFBR gene analysis should be done. We report one child diagnosed as LDS due to typical phenotypes and two novel missense mutations of the TGFBR2 gene (c.1526G>T and c.1528A>T).
Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Child ; Cleft Palate ; Connective Tissue ; Dilatation ; Eye ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Loeys-Dietz Syndrome ; Mutation, Missense ; Phenotype ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Skin Diseases, Genetic ; Thorax ; Uvula ; Vascular Malformations

It is known that if the detrusor integrity is maintained, a single coordinated sustained contractile relaxation curve can be observed on rapid injection cystometry in the paralytic period after overdistention, but there is no study on its clinical significance. This study is to know the diagnostic usefulness of such relaxation curve in assessing the possibility of the voiding function recovery in the paralytic period after overdistention. We performed rapid injection cystometrys in 12 patients who had no contraction and sense on medium injection cystometry until 450ml infusion after non-neurogenic acute urinary retention by various causes, and compared the duration for recovery and the presence or absence of a single coordinated sustained contractile relaxation curve, the bladder volume at the first time of such a relaxation curve and the maximum pressure of contraction curve. The results were as follows; 1. All of 3 patients without a single coordinated sustained contractile relaxation curve did not recover their voiding function until three months after overdistention. 2. All of 9 patients with single coordinated sustained contractile relaxation curve recovered their voiding function within four weeks. 3. In 9 patients who recovered their voiding function, the smaller the bladder volume at the first such relaxation curve, the shorter the duration for recovery(r=0.69767. p=0.036), but there is no relationship between the maximum pressure of contraction curve and the duration for recovery(r=-0.10192, p=0.794). In conclusion, rapid injection cystometry is a useful clinical test to check the possibility of voidingfunction recovery within a few weeks in the paralytic period after acute overdistention.
Humans ; Recovery of Function ; Relaxation ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention

Moving on the femoral srticular surface, the patella is doing a significant role in the patellofemoral mechanism as one of the most important components of the knee. The knowledge of patellar movement would be very helpful to understand the functional mechanism of the knee We studied the distance of patellar movement during the knee motion on the lateral X-ray view of 100 normal adult knees. The results were as follows :1. The average distance of patellar movement from full extension to full flexion of the knee was 8.4cm. 2. Patella moves average 1.7cm(20.2%) form 0° to 30° flexion, 2.6cm(31.0%) from 30° to 60° flexion, 1.7cm(20.2%) from 60° to 90° flexion, 1.3cm(15.5%) from 90° to 120° flexion and l.lcm(13.1%) from 120° to full flexion.
Adult ; Humans ; Knee ; Patella

Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a rare benign tumor, which is included in the neuroblastomas group. It can occur anywhere along the peripheral autonomic ganglion sites, and the tumor is often incidentally detected in asymptomatic patients or may produce symptoms related to the slow growing tumor. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and the prognosis is good. We report a case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, which was incidentally detected in the first trimester of pregnancy in a 29-year-old woman. Surgical resection of the ganglioneuroma was done at the time of cesarean section at full term without complications.
Adult ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Ganglia, Autonomic ; Ganglioneuroma* ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Prognosis

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: One of the common problems of dental implant prosthesis is the loosening of the screw that connects each component, and this problem is more common in single implant-supported prostheses with external connection, and in molars. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were: (1) to compare the initial abutment screw detorque values of the six different implant-abutment interface designs, (2) to compare the detorque values of the six different implant-abutment interface designs after cyclic loading, (3) to compare the detorque values of regular and wide diameter implants and (4) to compare the initial detorque values with the detorque values after cyclic loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six different implant-abutment connection systems were used. The cement retained abutment and titanium screw of each system were assembled and tightened to 32Ncmwith digital torque gauge. After 10 minutes, initial detorque values were measured. The custom titanium crown were cemented temporarily and a cyclic sine curve load(20 to 320N, 14Hz) was applied. The detorque values were measured after cyclic loading of one million times by loading machine. One-way ANOVA test, scheffe's test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. RESULTS: The results were as follows : 1. The initial detorque values of six different implant-abutment connections were not significantly different(p> 0.05). 2. The detorque values after one million dynamic cyclic loading were significantly different (p <0.05). 3. The SS-II regular and wide implant both recorded the higher detorque values than other groups after cyclic loading(p <0.05). 4. Of the wide implants, the initial detorque values of Avana Self Tapping Implant, MIS and Tapered Screw Vent, and the detorque values of MIS implant after cyclic loading were higher than their regular counterparts(p <0.05). 5. After cyclic loading, SS-II regular and wide implants showed higher detorque values than before(p <0.05).
Crowns ; Dental Implants ; Molar ; Prostheses and Implants ; Titanium ; Torque

We present clinical and cytogenetic data on 2 cases of partial trisomy 4p and partial trisomy 14q. Both patients had an extra der(14)t(4;14)(p15.31;q12) chromosome due to a 3:1 segregation from a balanced translocation carrier mother. Array analyses indicated that their chromosomal breakpoints were similar, but there was no relationship between the 2 families. Both patients showed prominent growth retardation and psychomotor developmental delay. Other phenotypic manifestations were generally mild and variable; for example, patient 1 had a short palpebral fissure and low-set ears whereas patient 2 had a round face, asymmetric eyes, small ears, a short neck, finger/toe abnormalities, and behavioral problems.
Abnormalities, Multiple/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Translocation, Genetic ; *Trisomy

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The cast abutment has advantages of overcoming angulation problem and esthetic problem. However, when a gold-machined UCLA abutment undergoes casting, the abutment surfaces in contact with the implant may change. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the detorque values of prefabricated machined abutments with gold-premachined cast-on UCLA abutments before and after casting in two types of internal implant-abutment connection systems: (1) internal hexagonal joint, (2) internal octagonal joint. Furthermore, the detorque values of two implant-abutment connection systems were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty internal hexagonal implants with an 11-degree taper and twenty internal octagonal implants with an 8-degree taper were acquired. Ten prefabricated titanium abutments and ten gold-premachined UCLA abutments were used for each systems. Each abutment was torqued to 30 Ncm according to the manufacturer's instructions and detorque value was recorded. The detorque values were measured once more, after casting with gold alloy for UCLA abutment, and preparation for titanium abutments. Group means were calculated and compared using independent t-test and paired t-test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1. The detorque values between titanium abutments and UCLA-type abutments showed significant differences in internal octagonal implants (P<0.05), not in internal hexagonal implants (P>0.05). 2. In comparison of internal hexagonal and octagonal implants, the detorque values of titanium abutments had significant differences between two connection systems on the initial analysis (P<0.05), not on the second analysis (P>0.05) and the detorque values of UCLA-type abutments were not significantly different between two connection systems (P>0.05). 3. The detorque values of titanium abutments and UCLA-type abutments decreased significantly on the second analysis than the initial analysis in internal hexagonal implants (P<0.05), not in internal octagonal implants (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Casting procedures of UCLA-type abutments had no significant effect on screw loosening in internal implant-abutment connection systems, and UCLA-type abutments showed higher detorque values than titanium abutments in internal octagonal implants.
Alloys ; Joints ; Titanium

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred sixty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (16.3 mm x 16.3 mm x 2.0 mm) were divided into 5 groups (Group I to V) according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications. Each group was then divided into 11 subgroups by reducing the thickness up to 1.0 mm in 0.1-mm increments (Subgroup 0 to 10, n=3). Colors and spectral distributions were measured according to CIELAB on a reflection spectrophotometer. All measurements were performed on five different areas of each specimen. Color difference (DeltaE*(ab)) and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffe test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences in CIE L* between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups in all groups. CIE a* increased (0.523.7) were obtained between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups. TP values generally increased as the thickness reduction increased in all groups (R2>0.89, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing thickness reduction reduces lightness and increases a reddish, bluish appearance, and translucency of monolithic zirconia ceramics.
Ceramics* ; Prosthesis Coloring

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture toughness of currently available resin cements for zirconia restorations and evaluate the effect of water storage on fracture toughness of those resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-edge notched specimens (3 mm x 6 mm x 25 mm) were prepared from three currently available dual cure resin cements for zirconia restorations (Panavia F 2.0, Clearfil SA luting and Zirconite). Each resin cement was divided into four groups: immersed in distilled water at 37degrees C for 1 (Control group), 30, 90, or 180 days (n=5). Specimens were loaded in three point bending at a cross-head speed of 0.1 mm/s. The maximum load at specimen failure was recorded and the fracture toughness (K(IC)) was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffe test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: In control group, the mean KIC was 3.41 +/- 0.64 MN.m(-1.5) for Panavia F, 2.0, 3.07 +/- 0.41 MN.m(-1.5) for Zirconite, 2.58 +/- 0.30 MN.m(-1.5) for Clearfil SA luting respectively, but statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between them. Although a gradual decrease of K(IC) in Panavia F 2.0 and gradual increases of KIC in Clearfil SA luting and Zirconite were observed with storage time, there were no significant differences between immersion time for each cement. CONCLUSION: The resin cements for zirconia restorations exhibit much higher K(IC) values than conventional resin cements. The fracture toughness of resin cement for zirconia restoration would not be affected by water storage.
Immersion ; Resin Cements ; Resins, Synthetic* ; Water*