Objective: To explore the method of enhancing the ability to detect HCV infection and to provide the advice for practical work. Methods: A total of 487 samples from a village in Hebei Province were selected by cluster sampling. Serum samples were detected by anti-HCV and HCV-RNA assays. The results were compared between the two tests. The correlation of HCV-RNA quantification and its anti-HCV s/n value was analyzed. Results: The positive values of anti-HCV and HCV-RNA were 22.1% and 14.2%, respectively, which were lower than that of the parallel test (χ²=4.0000, P=0.0455, χ²=42.0000, P <0.0001). The HCV-RNA quantification of the samples was positively correlated with the anti-HCV s/n value, which means anti-HCV s/n value increased with HCV-RNA quantification. Conclusion The parallel test of anti-HCV and HCV-RNA can enhance the ability to detect HCV infection.