1.Association of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2017
Yena LEE ; Joung Sik SON ; Yoon Hee EUM ; Ok Lim KANG
Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2020;41(6):374-380
Background:
Sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated this association of sedentary time and physical activity with increased 10-year CVD risk in Korean adults.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017). In total, 14,551 participants aged 30–74 years (6,323 men, 8,228 women) were analyzed. The usual length of sedentary time per day was categorized into three groups (<6, 6–<9, or ≥9 h/d), and physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]∙min/wk) was categorized into two groups (low, <600 METs∙min/wk; moderate/high, ≥600 METs∙min/wk). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sedentary time and increased CVD risk (predicted 10-year risk ≥10%). Adjusted variables were age, sex, body mass index, marital status, employment, household income, alcohol use, family history of CVD, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia).
Results:
The average sedentary time for the 14,551 participants was 7.49 h/d, with an average 10-year CVD risk of 9.58%. There was no significant association between sedentary time and increased 10-year CVD risk in the moderate/ high physical activity group. In the low physical activity group, sedentary time ≥9 h/d had a significant association with increased CVD risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.62). However, when the sedentary time was <6 h/d, no significant associations were found (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92–1.49).
Conclusion
In the low physical activity group, reduction of sedentary time might be important for preventing increased CVD risk.
2.Primary Pulmonary Leiomyosarcoma: Could It Be Cured by Radiation Therapy?.
Eun Jung KIM ; Yena KANG ; Do Jin KIM ; Dae Sik HONG ; Chan Kyu KIM ; Eun Suk KO
Soonchunhyang Medical Science 2015;21(2):188-191
Primary leiomyosarcoma of lung is extremely rare and often diagnosed as a mass on routine chest radiography. Although advances have been made in treatment protocols, leiomyosarcoma remains one of the more difficult soft tissue sarcomas to treat. Surgical resection is usually curative for small and well-differentiated sarcomas. For poorly differentiated and non-resectable tumors, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used as neoadejuvant or palliative treatment options. Generally, leiomyosarcomas are known to be resistant to radiation therapy alone. The authors experienced a 68-year-old woman who was diagnosed leiomyosarcoma by routine chest radiography. Although disease progression was observed despite of chemotherapy, radiation therapy reduced the size of tumor. This paper describes the curative potential of radiation therapy for primary pulmonary leiomyosarcomas through a case report and literature review.
Aged
;
Clinical Protocols
;
Disease Progression
;
Drug Therapy
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Leiomyosarcoma*
;
Lung
;
Palliative Care
;
Radiography
;
Radiotherapy
;
Sarcoma
;
Thorax
3.Plug-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration of Spontaneous Splenorenal Shunt for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy: Case Series.
Yena KANG ; Eun Jung KIM ; Sang Gyune KIM ; Young Seok KIM ; Jae Myeong LEE ; Boo Sung KIM
Soonchunhyang Medical Science 2016;22(1):23-26
Intervention treatment such as balloon retrograde or anterograde transvenous obliteration has been used for management of refractory hepatic encephalopathy as well as gastric variceal bleeding. Recently, plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration without a help of balloon was newly developed to treat these patients. Here, we report three cases suffering refractory hepatic encephalopathy who were treated with this new technique.
Balloon Occlusion
;
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy*
;
Humans
;
Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical
;
Splenorenal Shunt, Surgical*
4.A Case of a Gallbladder Infarction after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization, Recovered with Only Medical Treatment.
Yena KANG ; Eun Jung KIM ; Young Seok KIM ; Sang Gyune KIM ; Jae Myeong LEE ; Boo Sung KIM
Soonchunhyang Medical Science 2015;21(2):184-187
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is suitable treatment method of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for patients with decreased underlying liver function or unresectable disease. But this procedure can induce some embolic events. We report a case of a gallbladder infarction caused by the embolic event in TACE procedure. A 61-year-old man had been going to undergo 6th TACE for marginal recurrence of HCC. After the procedure, gallbladder infarction occurred and was detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan for response evaluation of the treatment at out-patient-clinic. Then, he was treated with oral antibiotics and conservative therapy at out-patient clinic. In 6th week after the event, abdominal CT scan showed improved state of gallbladder.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
;
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
;
Embolism
;
Gallbladder*
;
Humans
;
Infarction*
;
Liver
;
Middle Aged
;
Outpatients
;
Recurrence
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.Acute Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis and Review of Published Cases with Lung Involvement in Korea.
Ji Hyun OH ; Hyo Shik KIM ; Kyu Tae YOON ; Yena KANG ; Changwook MIN ; So My KOO ; Jung Hwa HWANG ; Ki Up KIM
Soonchunhyang Medical Science 2015;21(2):159-163
Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis. The endemic area is mostly south-western United States. As increasing in overseas travel to endemic areas, the incidence rate has been recently increased in non-endemic areas. The diagnosis may be delayed in non-endemic area. It is important to elicit traveling histories and to differentiate lung consolidation with eosinophilia, for timely diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Recently, we experienced a case with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in a Korean American who visited Korea showed consolidation in right lower lobe on chest X-ray and prolonged eosinophilia. In the case, a confirmatory diagnostic method was percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of lung. We report acute pulomonary coccidioidomycosis case and review previous published reports with pulmonary manifestation in Korea.
Asian Americans
;
Biopsy, Needle
;
Coccidioides
;
Coccidioidomycosis*
;
Diagnosis
;
Endemic Diseases
;
Eosinophilia
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Korea*
;
Lung Diseases, Fungal
;
Lung*
;
Thorax
;
United States
6.Student Engagement in Student Support System Reform: A Case Study
Yena JANG ; Seo Yoon KIM ; Ji Yoon KANG ; Donghwa KANG ; Na Hyeon KWEON ; Ga Yeon KIM ; Narae KIM ; Sang Hun KIM ; Seongwoo KIM ; Juhee KIM ; Chae Yeon KIM ; Shinyoung PARK ; Ju Yeon PARK ; Ji Su PARK ; Geon Ho LEE ; Bora IM ; Bo Young YOON
Korean Medical Education Review 2023;25(2):174-183
Educational evaluation involves data collection and the analysis of various education-related factors to make decisions that improve educational quality. Systematic educational evaluation is essential for enhancing the quality of education. This study reports a case of student-conducted process evaluation of a medical school’s student support system and the procedure for devising improvement plans. Sixteen Inje University College of Medicine students participated in the Education Evaluation Committee (IUCM-EEC) to understand the educational improvement process as learners and actively achieve improvement. The Quality Improvement Committee of the Inje University College of Medicine (IUCM-QIC) decided to reform its student support system based on a previous educational evaluation in 2019. The evaluation of the student support system was conducted for 10 months in 2021 by the student subcommittee, under the guidance of the IUCM-EEC. The CIPP (context-input-process-product) evaluation model was used for a systematic evaluation. Accordingly, the subcommittee developed evaluation criteria and indicators, and analyzed relevant data collected from surveys and the previous literature. For further recommendations and revision ideas, the student subcommittee members interviewed faculty members from six other medical schools and also conducted a focus group interview with the dean and vice deans of IUCM. Finally, the student subcommittee submitted a report to the IUCM-QIC. Communication with various stakeholders is essential for a successful evaluation process. In this case, students, as key stakeholders in education, evaluated the student support system. Their active participation helped improve their understanding of the evaluation process.
7.Long-Term Effects of Diesel Exhaust Particles on Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in a Mouse Model.
Byeong Gon KIM ; Pureun Haneul LEE ; Shin Hwa LEE ; Young En KIM ; Mee Yong SHIN ; Yena KANG ; Seong Hwan BAE ; Min Jung KIM ; Taiyoun RHIM ; Choon Sik PARK ; An Soo JANG
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 2016;8(3):246-256
PURPOSE: Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) can induce and trigger airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term DEP exposure on AHR, inflammation, lung fibrosis, and goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model. METHODS: BALB/c mice were exposed to DEPs 1 hour a day for 5 days a week for 3 months in a closed-system chamber attached to a ultrasonic nebulizer (low dose: 100 microg/m3 DEPs, high dose: 3 mg/m3 DEPs). The control group was exposed to saline. Enhanced pause was measured as an indicator of AHR. Animals were subjected to whole-body plethysmography and then sacrificed to determine the performance of bronchoalveolar lavage and histology. RESULTS: AHR was higher in the DEP group than in the control group, and higher in the high-dose DEP than in the low-dose DEP groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes were higher in the high-dose DEP group than in the low-dose DEP group and control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were higher in the low-dose DEP group than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of IL-10 was higher in the high-dose DEP group than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor was higher in the low-dose and high-dose DEP groups than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of IL-6 was higher in the low-dose DEP group than in the control group at 12 weeks. The level of transforming growth factor-beta was higher in the high-dose DEP group than in the control group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The collagen content and lung fibrosis in lung tissue was higher in the high-dose DEP group at 8 and 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that long-term DEP exposure may increase AHR, inflammation, lung fibrosis, and goblet cell hyperplasia in a mouse model.
Airway Remodeling
;
Animals
;
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
;
Collagen
;
Fibrosis
;
Goblet Cells
;
Hyperplasia
;
Inflammation*
;
Interferon-gamma
;
Interleukin-10
;
Interleukin-13
;
Interleukin-6
;
Interleukins
;
Lung
;
Lymphocytes
;
Mice*
;
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
;
Neutrophils
;
Plethysmography
;
Pneumonia
;
Ultrasonics
;
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
;
Vehicle Emissions*