Preliminary survey on some parameters of immune system (humoral & cellular immunity) of 74 persons who were HIV (-) addicts in HCM city was carried out on the concentrations of immunoglobuline (Ig)/serum, Mantoux test, count of lymphocytes, T-CD4, T CD8, the result indicated that there were reduction of T-CD4 number in HIV(-) addicts, dysfunction of humoral and cellular immune in the HIV infected addicts during disease progressing. The time of progression of HIV/AIDS - IDU is rather short in this stage and the mortality rate after the first year of AIDS in HCM city was high. Further studies are necessary.
HIV ; HIV Infections ; Immune System

The spatial repellency with metofluthrin impregnated strips were hung in 15 households at Do Son, Hai Phong. The results showed that the density of mosquitoes reduced by 18 weeks after hanging strips. People agree that this was one of the safe, effective and simple method to control mosquitoes.
Culicidae ; Cyclopropanes

By this study, 5 species of Mesocyclop were identified. All have high ability to kill the larvae of Aedes mosquito. In 24h an average of 28,7-41,3 larvae could be killed, especially 36 larvae by M. woutersi and M. aspericorni, which occurred mainly in water reservoir. The involvement of the community in the eradication of malaria vectors in local area using Mesocyclops was recommended.
Water ; Dengue ; Larva ; Copepoda

A research was conducted in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the efficacy of remaining spray by using Permethrin 50EC to kill both kinds of vectors: Xenopsylla cheopis and Anopheles minimus, responsible for plague and malaria transmission, respectively. The results showed that Permethrin 50EC at the concentration of 0.5g/m2 was highly effective to kill Xenopsylla cheopis and Anopheles minimus and remained effective for 4 months
Anopheles ; Permethrin ; Culicidae

Common insecticides were tested in Laboratory of Insecticide, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in order to select the highest efficacy of insecticides which remained susceptible in killing cockroach in train’s carriages. The study results showed that the number of collected cockroach populations reduced sharply at different time spans of 2 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after spraying
Insecticides ; Cockroaches

Background: Severe penetrating eye injury is a common emergency in ophthalmology. Objectives: The evaluation results and complications following vitrectomy in severe penetrating injury in children. Subjects and method: This study included 136 eyes with penetrating eye injury, who were treated at the Trauma department of National Institute of Ophthalmology, Hanoi \ufffd?Vietnam from 1999-2000. Vitrectomy was performed through the limbal and pars plana in 135 patients, 105 boys and 30 girls. Results: Remove intraocular foreign body: 11%, procedure for retinal detachments: 14%. The common functional success (visual acuity of 5/2000 or better) rate was 55,1%. Functional success: absent retinal detachment: 60,7%; present: 21,1%. Anatomic success rate was 66,2%. 4 eyes (2,9%) were eviscerated. Complications of the surgery were: iridocyclite, edema of the cornea, hemorrhage, hyphema. Conclusion:Vitrectomy techniques showed its good effect in treating penetrating eye injury in children. Presence retinal damage and endophthalmitis have significant effect on the final visual outcomes.
Eye Injuries ; Penetrating/ surgery ; Vitrectomy ; Child ;

Background: Penetrating eye injury is common cause blind or many long-term complications later. One of the complications such as glaucoma in the eye. There were some research on glaucoma after penetrating eye injury, but no reports about the treatment of glaucoma. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and assess the outcomes of surgery in the treatment of glaucoma after penetrating eye injury. Subjects and method: The author performed a prospective analysis of 32 eyes the underwent surgery causes by glaucoma after penetrating eye injury at Trauma department of National Institute of Ophthalmology. Follow up period: 6 months. Data was processed by using medical statistics methods on SPSS 10.5 software. Results: Of the 32 patients, 21 were men (65.6%) and 11 were women (34.4%). Localization of the injury: in the cornea 93.8%; lens damages 100%; vitreous organization 56.3%; retinal detachment 12.5%. Functional success (visual acuity >0.02): 18.8%, 4 eyes were enucleated. The normal intraocular pressure after surgery was 71.9%. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of glaucoma after penetrating eye injury are complicated and multivariable. The rate of normal pressure after treatment was 71.9%.
Glaucoma/surgery ; Eye Injuries ; Penetrating ;

Background: Penetrating eye injury caused by mine explosion is a severe ophthalmologic injury. It is rare in Viet Nam and there were no studies on this type of injury. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of surgery for penetrating eye injury caused by mine explosions. Subjects and method: The prospective analysis was conducted on 34 patients (36 eyes) with penetrating eye injury presented at the Trauma Department of Viet Nam National Institute of Ophthalmology. They were followed up for two years. Results: Out of the \r\n', u'34 patients, 31 were men (91.2%). Types of injury: corneal tear 93.8%, lens damage: 100%, vitreous damage: 56.3%, retinal detachment 25%, intraocular foreign body 72.2%. Initial visual acuity less than 0.02 was 96.9%. The final visual acuity was improved to better than 0.02 in 58.3% of patients. The intraocular pressures were normalized in 72.2% of patients after treatment. Conclusion: Penetrating eye injury caused by exploding mines has very severe clinical features. Despite of improvements in surgical techniques and instruments, the final visual acuity was still poor. The visual outcomes primarily depended on initial damages to the eye.\r\n', u'
Mine ; Penetrating eye injury ; Vitrectomy

Background: Alkali burns are severe injuries of the eyes. Recently, using topical steroid in treatment of ocular alkali burns has provided better outcomes. However, there is no study on treating ocular alkali burns by topical steroid in Vietnam. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and assess the outcome with topical steroid used in the treatment of ocular Alkali burns. Subject and Method: The author performed a prospective analysis of 45 alkali eye burns at the Trauma department of the National Institute of Ophalmology, Hanoi. All patients were treated with topical steroid and vitamin C. Results: There were 19 eyes were mild injures, 26 eyes were severe injuries. 32.5% had a good visual acuity. None of patients with severe injuries had a good visual acuity. Complications: corneal opacity: 42.2%, elevated IOP 17.8%. Conclusion: Treatment of ocular alkali burns with topical steroid and vitamin C is not associated with corneal perforating and provide a good outcome.
Alkali burn ; Steroid

Background: The post-traumatic glaucoma is a major cause inducing blindness of traumatic eyes. Recent, researches have shown that 5 fluoruoracil (5 FU) combined with surgery, which have a better result in treatment of general glaucoma and post-traumatic glaucoma. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of post - traumatic glaucoma and assess the results of trabeculectomy with intra-operative application of 5 FU. Subject and methods: A descriptive, prospective analysis was taken on 32 patients, who had trabeculectomy with intra-operative application of 5 FU from August 2005 to December 2007 in the Traumatic Department of National Institute of Ophthalmology. Results: Post-traumatic glaucoma was seen mainly in young adults 71.9%; anterior angle recession combined lesions accounted for 25%; cataract 62.5%; fluid in anterior chamber 25%; anterior haemorrhage 37.5%. The intraocular pressure (lOP) was successfully controlled at least up to the following six months in 93.8% and the visual acuity was 0.02 and better in 62.5%. Conclusions: Trabeculectomy with antimetabolite therapy is an effective procedure in reducing IOP in post - traumatic glaucoma.
5 Fluorouracil ; post-traumatic glaucoma