Granzyme B is an important effect factor of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the immune killer function,can quickly induce cell apoptosis of the target cell.It is complicated for the reasons and the ways of the occurrence of the cell apoptosis,many genes are involved in gene regulation of cell apoptosis,and the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene family members play a crucial role in the process of cell apoptosis.This paper mainly reviews the correlation of GrB and Bcl-2,Bid with cell apoptosis.

Serine proteinase inhibitor9(P1-9),a charac-teristic member of serpins,has been identified as the only inhibitor of granzyme B(GrB).Accumulated evidence suggested that PI-9 inhibits GrB-induced apoptosis by blocking DNA fragmentation of target cell.Physiologically,PI-9 could protect cytotoxic lymphocytes from committing autolysis or fratricide,and play an important role in facilitating immunologic tolerance of immune-privileged sites.In addition,evidences in recent years suggest that PI-9 Was also involved in vailous pathologic processes,such as inflammation,trans plantation and immune tolerance of tumor.

Objective: To investigate clinical effect of improved flushing method applied in anastomotic leakage (AL) atfer low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective study to analyze the therapeutic effect for 39 AL from 438 patients who received Dixon surgery in the Affliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College. Among them, 23 patients received the traditional lfushing method (the traditional group) and 16 received the improved lfushing method (the improved group). Results: hTe rate of AL was 8.9% (39/438). All patients were cured with non-operative treatment. hTe cleanliness degree of the surrounding skin of drainage tube in the improved group was higher than that in the traditional group. hTe duration of average hospitalization and extubation of drainage tube was shorter in the improved group than that in the traditional group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the traditional methods, the improved one is better for the ALpatients. Both the patients themselves or their family members can chose it. hTe improved lfushing method is worth to be spread in clinic.

0.05). Integrin ? 5? 1 was significantly over expressed in lymph node metastatic cancer compared with that in corresponding PGC ( t =2.45, P 0.05) and it showed no correlation with integrin ? 5? 1 expression( r = 0.156, P =0.37).Conclusion Over expression of integrin ? 5? 1 is present in GC and associates with the progression of tumor, implying that it may be viewed as the indicator of invasion and metastasis and the candidate target of gene therapy of gastric cancer. However, integrin ? 5? 1 may not play an important role in the vascularization of GC.

Objective:To explore the value of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR),preoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR),changes between pre and postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(postoperative NLR/preoperative NLR) and changes between pre and postoperative platelet-lymphocyte ratio(postoperative PLR/preoperative PLR) in predicting the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after surgery in patients of rectal cancer.Methods: 187 rectal cancer patients in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Southwestern Medical University during March,2015-March,2016 were included in our study.Preoperative NLR,preoperative PLR,changes between pre and postoperative NLR and changes between pre and postoperative PLR were observed.At the same time we included age,gender,pathological staging,stage of lymph node metastasis,tumor differentiation,distance between tumor and anus in our study.χ2 test or Fisher′s exact value was used in the univariate analysis,while Logistic Regression Analysis was used in the multivariate analysis.Results: The univariate analysis showed that preoperative NLR (Fisher′s exact value=7.242),preoperative PLR (χ2=6.787),changes between pre and postoperative NLR (χ2=15.656),PLR (χ2=9.298),age (χ2=4.813) and distance between tumor and anus(χ2=5.951) were related to anastomotic leakage(P<0.05).Other risk factors such as,gender(χ2=0.001),pathological staging (Fisher′s exact value =2.107),stage of lymph node metastasis(Fisher′s exact value =1.298),tumor differentiation (Fisher′s exact value =2.206),and were not associated with anastomotic leakage (P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the preoperative NLR(OR=1.647,P=0.000),change between pre and postoperative NLR (OR=1.880,P=0.000)and distance between tumor and anus(OR=4.364,P=0.048) were associated with anastomotic leakage.Conclusion: preoperative NLR,change between pre and postoperative NLR and distance between tumor and anus are independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage after rectal anterior resection.

Objective To investigate the expression of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene (Bcl-2) in the gastric carcinoma,and the relationship between Bcl-2 and clinical biological behaviour and prognosis.Methods To use SP immunohistochemistry to detect respectively the expression level of Bcl-2 in the gastric carcinoma and incisal margin epithelial tissue of 42 gastric carcinoma patients.Results The positive expression rates of Bcl-2 in the gastric carcinoma and incisal margin epithelial tissue were 69.05％ and 21.43％.It had statistical significance (P ＜0.05) ; the expression of Bcl-2 in gastric carcinoma had not significantly correlation repectively with patient' s age,gender and invasive depth (P ＞ 0.05),but had significantly correlation with differentiation,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of the tumor (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression level of Bcl-2 in gastric carcinoma may be one of biology indexes of the inwsion,migration,advancement and prognosis of the gastric carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of GrB and Bid gene in gastric carcinoma and development of gastric carcinoma,exploring their effect on the mechanism of immune tolerance of tumor.Methods S-P method was used to detect the expression status of GrB and Bid gene in gastric carcinoma and margin tissue.Results The positive expression rate of GrB of gastric carcinoma tissues was 47.62％,the positive rate in the margin tissue was 40.48％,there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05) ; The positive expression rate of Bid of gastric carcinoma tissues (26.19％) was significantly lower than that of margin tissue(76.19％) (P ＜ 0.05) ; The expression of GrB had significantly correlation with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of the tumor (P ＜ 0.05),the expression of Bid in gastric cancer had significantly correlation with differentiation,invasive depth,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of the tumor (P ＜ 0.05) ; the expression of GrB was negatively correlated with that of Bid in gastric cancaer(rs =-0.311,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of GrB and Bid may be involved in development of gastric carcinoma,down-regulated or scarce expression of Bid may be cause cancer cells escaping from endogenous or exogenous GrB-mediated cell apoptosis,and acquire immune tolerance,potential,to escape the immune response.

Objective To study the treatment and prognosis factor of male breast cancer(MBC). Methods The clinical data of 37 male cases of breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively.All the patrents underwent operation , including radical mastectomy(10cases), modified radical mastectomy(19cases),simple mastectomy plus axillary lymph node extirpation(4cases) and mastectomy (4cases).Results the 5-year survival rate of operation mentioned above were 80.0% ,78.9%,25.0%,25.0%, respectively. The 5 years survival rate in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis and without metastasis were 50.0% and 93.3%( P

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of blunt pancreatic injury (BPI). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 58 cases of BPI admitted and treated in our hospital during 23 years. Results The positive diagnosis rate was 51.1%(23/45) for single BUS examination ,but 70.0%(21/30) for two and more BUS examimations. The positive diagnosis rate was 65.0%(26/40) for single CT scanning, but 91.3%(21/23) for two and more CT scannings. Twenty-five cases(25/37,67.6%) with BPI were determined preoperatively, and 12 cases(12/37,32.4%)during (operation).Thirty-seven cases underwent operatiom, included grade I in 10cases、grade II 13cases、grade III 9cases、 grade IV 4cases and gradeV 1case. Twenty-one cases received nonoperative treatment, included 11 grade in I,7 grade II and 3 grade III. In the entire group, 6 cases died(10.4%).The mortality in the operation group was 16.2%(6/37).There were no deaths in the nonoperative group. The main cause of death was multiorgan failure(5/6,83.3%). There were 11(19.0%)cases of pancreatic pseudocyst after treatment in the entire group, included 3(3/37,8.1%) in operation group and 8(8/21,38.1%) in nonoperation group. Conclusions The diagnosis of BPI should combine the clinical findings with repeated BUS and CT scanning. Nonoperative treatment is a good choice for BPI without main pancreatic duct injury. Operative treatment is suitable for serious BPI and those with other intra-abdominal organ jnjury.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) for the localization of acute digestive tract perforation.Methods:This retrospective study included 88 patients from the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University who were diagnosed as acute digestive tract perforation between January 2015 and January 2018. According to the intraoperative diagnosis and postoperative pathological reports, the enrolled patients were divided into the upper digestive tract perforation group (45 cases) and the lower digestive tract perforation group (43 cases) (above or below Treitz ligament). Preoperative serum PCT, white blood cell, neutrophil rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), C-reactive protein to albumin (CRP/ALB) ratio were measured and compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the independent risk factors of the lower digestive tract perforation group, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the above mentioned markers in the localization of acute digestive tract perforation.Results:Univariate analysis showed that patients in the lower digestive tract perforation group exhibited significantly higher levels of serum PCT, CRP, ALB, and CRP/ALB ratio than patients in the upper digestive tract perforation group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum PCT, CRP and CRP/ALB ratio were independent risk factors for the diagnosis of lower digestive tract perforation [PCT: odds ratio ( OR)=1.241, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.098~1.403, P = 0.001; CRP: OR= 0.95, 95% CI: 0.912~0.99, P = 0.014; and CRP/ALB ratio: OR= 35.104, 95% CI: 3.889-316.885, P = 0.002]. The area under curve of serum PCT, CRP, CRP/ALB ratio to distinguish upper or lower digestive tract perforation were 0.932 (95% CI: 0.879~0.985), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.667~0.872), and 0.898 (95% CI: 0.827~0.969), respectively. The optimal cutoff value of PCT in differential diagnosis of upper or lower digestive tract perforation was 16.595 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 91.1%. The optimal cutoff value of CRP was 55.4 mg/mL, with a sensitivity of 76.7% and a specificity of 80.0%. The optimal cutoff value of CRP/ALB ratio was 1.45 and its sensitivity and specificity were 83.7%, 88.9%, respectively. Conclusions:Serum PCT, CRP, and CRP/ALB ratio are helpful to predict the localization of acute digestive tract perforation and can improve the diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic efficiency of PCT is better than CRP and CRP/ALB ratio, exerting excellent clinical value.