Human section anatomy is the important basic subject to the students of imageology specialty and the experiment teaching effect is also very important.The article has introduced some views and concrete methods about teaching contents,effects and methods.

ObjectiveTo solve the problem about the shortage of the human specimen,we aimed to reform the anthropotomy experiment teaching mode.MethodsThe nursing specialty students in Grade 2010 were randomly selected with 70 students traditional groups and 71 students teaching reform groups.The students of traditional groups were taught the key contents mainly in class time and were taught on the normally-exposed bottle specimen,while the students of teaching reform groups spend the primary class time on self-study.First,the students of teaching reform groups were informed of key contents and sealed bottle specimen. Second, the students of teaching reform groups observed only sealed bottle specimen in accordance with the main points of teaching materials.ResultsTeaching reform groups' average score of specimen examination is ( 81.30 ± 13.71 ),and theory examination is ( 70.83 ± 11.49 ),while the tradition groups' average score of specimen examination is ( 71.47 ± 16.00 ),and theory examination.is ( 66.29 ± 12.15 ).Results of teaching reform groups are much better than results of tradition groups in specimen test and theory test.Learning interest of teaching reform groups are elevated remarkably.They have improved much in their learning ability,cooperation ability,sense of group honor and the ability of originative thinking.ConclusionTeaching reform students' test result and comprehensive efficiency are promoted.The discussion-based experiment teaching mode is worth spreading.

Objective to investigate therapeutic methods and effect of X-knife for on intracranial diseases. Method Recent effect of 44pqtients with cranial diseases by X-knife was observed. Radiological follow-up was performed on 40 cases with mean 5.65 months of followup time. Result 92.5% of tumors were controlled locally, stability and recovery rate was 90.0%. The local control of metastatic tumors of brain was higher, but most patients with metastatic tumors died of primary lesion. New metastatic lesions appeared in patients without panencephalic radiotherapy in 1～5months. Tumors of pineal region were sensitive to X-knife. Conclusion X-knife has a definite effect on intracranial diseases. For patients with tumors of pineal region complicated by serious hydrocephalus, shunting should be conducted before X-knife treatment. For patients with mild or morderate hydrocephalus, X-knife chould be utilized only under correct interventions such as dehydration. The local control rate of intracranial metastatic tumors was high, but survival time postoperation depended on panencephalic radiotherapy or control of primafry lision. For tumors with diameter＞ 3cm, pituitary tumors, brains stem tumors and tumors in cerebellopontine angle region repeated X-knife were suggested, which could improve cure rate and decrease complications.

0.05).However,the effect on decreasing mean yearly incidence of RRTI and duration of each onset in group A was superior to that in group B(P0.05).【Conclusion】JY can reduce the mean yearly incidence of RRTI and duration of each onset in preschool children with RRTI,and its mechanism may be related to the regualtion of cellular immune function by improving the parameters of subgroups of T lymphocytes.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in down-regulating the expression of HER-2 in breast cancer cells and to provide an innovative therapeutic option to overcome the disadvantages of anti-HER-2 therapy. Meth-ods:HER-2-positive breast cell lines were treated with HDAC inhibitors. The changes in the gene and protein levels of HER-2 were de-tected by qPCR and Western blot. MiRNA microarray was used to identify the HDAC inhibitors, whereas qPCR was used to verify the miRNA expression. Results:In vitro cell experiments confirmed that the HDAC inhibitors TSA and SAHA can down-regulate the expres-sion of HER-2 in breast cancer cell lines. TSA can down-regulate the expression of HER-2 gene in BT474 and decrease the concentra-tions of 100 nmol by 10.7%and 200 nmol by 38.9%(P<0.05). TSA had no effect on the primary cells. The expression of HER-2 gene of BT474 was down-regulated by 93.9%(P<0.05) in the 5μmol/L group but not in the 1μmol/L group. SAHA significantly affected the pri-mary cells at a concentration of 1μmol/L and reduced the cells at 87.1%at a concentration of 5μmol/L. Seven miRNAs were identified from the miRNA microarray. MiR-762 was used as a basis to identify the changes in miRNA. The miRNA sputum identified by miRNA microarray and qPCR may be associated with the down-regulation of HER-2 by HDAC inhibitors. Conclusion: HDAC inhibitors may down-regulate the expression of HER-2 in breast cancer cells by changing some miRNAs.

Objective:The implementation of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach for palliative treatment of patients with multi-ple primary carcinomas (MPCs) was evaluated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Methods:A total of 40 pa-tients with MPCs who attended the consultation by MDT in our hospital from January 1, 2014 to April 21, 2016 were analyzed retro-spectively. Clinical data of the 40 cancer patients were reviewed. The essential characteristics and results of MDT treatment decisions were summarized and expected outcomes were evaluated. Results:A total of 40 cases with MPCs were included in MDT assessment, accounting for 6.4%of the 629 patients who were handled by the MDT. A total of 39 MDT decisions were followed up successfully. Among these MDT decisions, 26 (65%) were fully implemented, 7 (17.5%) were partially implemented, and 6 (15.0%) were unimple-mented. Expected outcomes were achieved in 25 (96.2%) patients of the fully implemented concordant group, 4 (57.1%) patients of the partially concordant group, and 1 (16.7%) patient from the unimplemented group. Conclusion:MDT specializing on palliative treat-ment can provide recommendations for standardized individualized comprehensive treatment of patients with MPCs. MDT modality should be further improved and widely used for palliative treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Meth-ods:A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, and self-cross-over positively controlled clinical trial design was used. All patients were randomized into two groups, as follows:Regiment A (61 cases) and Regiment B (64 cases). Regimen A with palonosetron hydrochlo-ride injection (test agent) was used in the treatment cycle A, whereas granisetron hydrochloride injection (control drug) was used in the cycle B. Treatments were randomly administered on the patients of the two groups. Regimen B was on the contrary, the control drug was used in the cycle A, and the test agent was used in the treatment cycle B. All patients treated with the test agent were classified as the test group, whereas those treated with the control drug were classified as the control group. Complete control rate and adverse reac-tion of acute and delayed vomiting in the two groups during the two cycles of chemotherapy regimen were compared. Results: In Group One, the complete control rate of delayed vomiting was significantly higher in the palonosetron administration cycles than in the granisetron cycles (76.92%vs. 55.38%, P=0.0110). In the same group, the frequency of vomiting was significantly less in palonosetron cycles than in the granisetron cycles during day 1 to day 5 (1.32±3.42 vs. 1.94±3.03, P=0.0096). The incidences of adverse effects were low in both groups. No grades 3 and 4 adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Palonosetron showed efficacy in preventing the acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting. The drug is superior to granisetron, specifically in delaying vomiting in Group One. Palonosetron hydrochloride showed slight adverse effects. Hence, this drug can be used in clinic.

Objective To study the calcium metabolism in tacrolimus(FK506)induced rats nephrotoxicity and the preventive effect of calcium channel blocker.Methods Twenty-four Spragueinduced or FK506-induced nephropathy model.Blood creatinine,blood electrolytes,renal tissue histopathology(HE stain)and the change of ultrastructural organization in renal cells by transmission electron microscope were observed.Results The blood creatinine levels of both CsA and FK506 groups [(36.00±2.61)and(34.17±4.54)μmol/L] were significantly higher than those of the FK506+Dilgroup and control group(all P＜0.05).The blood calcium levels of both CsA and FK506 groups (2.00±0.04 and 2.05±0.04 mmol/L) were significantly lower than those of the FK506+Dil group and control group(all P＜0.05).The blood creatinine and calcium levels of FK506+Dil group were not significantly different with those of control group(P＞O.05).Histopathology examination showed cloudy swelling and vacuolization of the renal tubular epithelial cells and intra-cellular mitochondria swelling and vacuolization in the CsA and FK506 groups.However,the pathological changes of the FK506+Dil group were remarkably milder in comparison with the CsA and FK506 groups.Concluum channel blocker,Dil,could prevent the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity.

As an important zoonotic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus has led to serious mastitis and endometritis in infected dairy cows. In this study, a total of 164 strains of S. aureus were isolated from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and subjected to assays to determine drug susceptibility and biofilm (BF) formation ability. Enterotoxin-related genes were detected, and the transcription levels of genes related to BF formation were determined by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the pathogenicity of isolates with different BF formation abilities was determined by measuring their hemolysis activity, half lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ bacterial load. The results showed that 86.0% of S. aureus isolates could form BF. Among them, 42.1% of the strains had weak BF formation ability, and most strains with a strong BF formation ability were ica gene carriers. The S. aureus isolates displayed multidrug resistance and their drug resistance was positively correlated with their BF formation ability. Moreover, 96.3% of the S. aureus isolates carried enterotoxin genes. Among them, the detection rates of the novel enterotoxin genes were higher than those of conventional enterotoxin genes. Furthermore, isolates with a strong BF formation ability had higher LD50 but lower hemolysis ability and organ bacterial load than those of the isolates with weak or no BF ability. However, isolates without BF ability produced more severe pathological changes than those of isolates with strong BF formation ability. These findings suggest that higher BF ability and presence of novel enterotoxin genes are important characteristics of S. aureus isolates from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and such isolates may pose potential threats to food safety.
Bacterial Load ; Biofilms ; China ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Endometritis ; Enterotoxins ; Female ; Food Safety ; Hemolysis ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mastitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus ; Virulence

Purpose: Approximately 50%-74% of patients with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer do not respond to trastuzumab, with 75% of treated patients experiencing disease progression within a year. The combination of pyrotinib and capecitabine has showed efficacy in these patients. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib combined with metronomic vinorelbine for trastuzumab-pretreated HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this phase 2 trial, patients aged 18-75 years with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer who had previously failed trastuzumab treatment were enrolled to receive pyrotinib 400 mg daily in combination with vinorelbine 40mg thrice weekly. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: From October 21, 2019, to January 21, 2022, 36 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of study treatment. At the cutoff date, 20 experienced disease progression or death. With a median follow-up duration of 35 months, the median PFS was 13.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3 to 18.5). With all patients evaluated, an ORR of 38.9% (95% CI, 23.1 to 56.5) and a DCR of 83.3% (95% CI, 67.2 to 93.6) were achieved. The median OS was not reached. Grade 3 adverse events (AEs) were observed in 17 patients, with diarrhea being the most common (27.8%), followed by vomiting (8.3%) and stomachache (5.6%). There were no grade 4/5 AEs. Conclusion Pyrotinib combined with metronomic vinorelbine showed promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients after trastuzumab failure.