Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes an acute and highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection in turkeys and chickens. In this study, a competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) was developed for the detection of antibodies to aMPV in chicken sera and/or their egg yolks. This assay is based on the competitive binding of monoclonal antibody with serum antibodies to recombinant aMPV N protein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. The C-ELISA showed specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 98.0%, respectively, when compared to the virus neutralization test. In specific pathogen-free chickens experimentally infected with aMPV SC1509 strain, the C-ELISA started to detect antibodies to aMPV as early as 5 days post infection from birds infected with aMPV, while a commercial ELISA kit detected first 10 days post infection. The C-ELISA was similar or superior to a commercial ELISA kit when serum and egg yolk samples collected from chickens on six outbreak farms were tested for diagnosis. The C-ELISA developed in the present work provides a short turnaround time and can be a useful diagnostic and screening tool for aMPV infection in the field.
Antibodies ; Baculoviridae ; Binding, Competitive ; Birds ; Chickens ; Egg Yolk ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Mass Screening ; Metapneumovirus ; Neutralization Tests ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sprains and Strains ; Turkeys ; Viruses