Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mpox epidemic in Guangzhou and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods:Based on the mpox surveillance system in Guangzhou, suspected mpox cases with fever and rash were reported by local hospitals at all levels to centers for disease control and prevention in Guangzhou for sampling, investigation and diagnosis. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics and treatment of the mpox cases and positive detection rate reported in Guangzhou as of 24:00 on June 23. Whole genome sequencing of the virus isolates was performed using Illumina Miniseq high-throughput sequencing platform.Results:The first mpox case in Guangzhou was reported on June 10 in 2023. As of 24:00 on June 23, a total of 25 confirmed mpox cases were reported. All the mpox cases were men with a M( Q1, Q3) of 32 (26, 36) years, the majority of the cases were MSM (96.0%). The main clinical features were rash (100.0%, 25/25), lymphadenectasis (100.0%, 25/25) and fever (52.0%, 13/25). Rash usually occurred near the genitals (88.0%, 22/25). The close contacts, mainly family members (40.4%, 23/57), showed no similar symptoms, such as fever or rash. The positive rate of mpox virus in household environment samples was 30.5%. The analyses on 3 complete gene sequences of mpox virus indicated that the strains belonged to West African type Ⅱb clade, B.1.3 lineage. Conclusions:Hidden transmission of mpox virus had occurred in MSM in Guangzhou. However, the size of affected population is relatively limited, and the possibility of wide spread of the virus is low.

OBJECTIVETo study the major metabolites of ferulic acid and gallic acid compatible with Danggui Chishaoyao in rat plasma and urine.

METHODThe metabolites of ferulic acid and gallic acid in rat plasma and urine were analyzed after oral administration of compatible Danggui Chishaoyao using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.

RESULTOn the basis of the mass information, it was inferred that in vivo metabolites of ferulic acid were be in the form of methylation products, sulfate conjugation products and glucuronidation conjugation products and so on; meanwhile, gallic acid was mainly transformed into eduction products and methylation products.

CONCLUSIONThere are kinds of phase I and phase II metabolites of ferulic acid and gallic acid in rat plasma and urine, which provide a basis for its efficacious materials and action mechanism.

Animals ; Coumaric Acids ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Gallic Acid ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Male ; Metabolome ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Objective: To explore the influence of two voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) services on young students acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) related knowledge and behaviour, so as to provide a new idea for further improvement and promotion of VCT services. Methods: From April 2017 to December 2018, the sample size,selected from 12 patrol and fixed monitoring sites in colleges in Guangzhou, was calculated by non inferiority trial, and the students who received services at the same period were 1∶1 matched. A total of 113 students received conventional VCT and 186 recerived peer VCT services. The Chi square test was used to analyse the difference of AIDS related knowledge and behavior before and after intervention, and a survey was conducted on satisfaction. Results: After young students received conventional VCT services, the overall awareness rate of AIDS basic knowledge increased from 80.53% to 93.75%, and the frequency of condom use every time during heterosexual sexual activity in the past year increased by 29.17 percentage points ( χ 2=4.49,4.10, P <0.05). After young students received peer VCT services, the awareness rate of the Four Frees and One Care Policy increased from 34.95% to 58.26%, the rates of homosexual anal sex and more than or equal to 2 sexual partners in the past half a year decreased by 14.84 and 29.43 percentage points, respectively( χ 2=15.69, 4.82, 10.97, P <0.05). Conclusion After young students receive two modes of VCT services respectively, the AIDS related knowledge and behavior have been improved, and the influence of the two VCT services has different advantages. The combination of conventional VCT and peer education might be a more effective way of AIDS intervention.

Objective Intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (ICP) and its relation to incidence of preterm birth (PTB) were under study.Methods A prospective cohort study was carried out that including all the hospitalized pregnant women with live singleton births,from January 2014 to March 2015 in Anqing Municipal Hospitals.Informed consent was followed in every pregnant woman with related demographic information collected through questionnaire and hospital electronic medical record system.Both univariate and multi-variate statistical methods were used to analyze the relations between ICP and incidence of PTB.Results A total of 2 758 pregnant women were included in this study.The incidence proportions of ICP and PTB appeared as 7.25％ and 16.28％ respectively.Results from the logistic regression analysis showed that ICP increased the risk of both overall PTB (RR=2.33,95％CI:1.67-3.25) and medically indicated PTB (RR=8.46,95％CI:5.45-13.12),but not the spontaneous PTB (RR=0.94,95％CI:0.57-1.54).Conclusion ICP seemed to have increased the risk on medically indicated PTB but not the spontaneous PTB.

Objective:To develop a Risk Assessment Index System (RAIS) on HIV infection among young students based on Delphi method and to provide individual HIV infection risk assessment, targeted prevention and control measures.Methods:Delphi method was applied to determine the index system and weight of the assessment tool through three rounds of expert consultation and overall consideration of opinions and suggestions from 19 experts.Results:The positivity coefficients of three rounds of expert consultation were 100%. The authority coefficient of experts was between 0.887 and 0.945. The Kendall's W coefficients through first, second and third round specialist consultation was 0.379, 0.329 and 0.248, respectively (all P<0.001). The coefficients of variation in the third round were all less than 0.25, indicating that experts' opinion tend to be consistent and the results are highly reliable. The HIV infection risk assessment index system among young students consisted of 7 first grade indices and 54 second grade indices, of which weight was calculated. Conclusions:The RAIS on HIV infection for young students was initially established based on Delphi method, and could be used in the development of HIV infection risk assessment tools for personalized prevention and intervention among young students. However, the reliability, validity and effect of this assessment index system need to be further evaluated.

Objective:To explore the difference of sexual health characteristics and demands in students in different groups, and provide the basis for targeted sexual health eduction for AIDS prevention in young students.Methods:A survey was conducted based on the requirement of health education about sexual health and AIDS prevention in young students by the education department of Guangdong province. A two-step cluster analysis was performed on the survey data obtained by convenient sampling, the variables and number of clusters included were determined by combination of analysis results and professional knowledge. The demographic characteristics, the content and form of sexual health education needed were compared among different groups.Results:Survey data of 3 884 students were collected, and six variables were used for classification: cognition or occurrence masturbation, sexual behavior, frequency of sexual information acquisition, number of acceptable sex partners and AIDS knowledge awareness rate. By these variables, the students were classified into three levels of risk groups: high risk group (46.6%), medium risk group (39.9%) and low risk group (13.5%). As for demographic characteristics, high risk group, with a median age of 19 years, had the highest proportions of boys (65.9%), students with non-heterosexuality orientation (15.2%), urban residents (58.2%), only children (30.8%) and undergraduates (54.7%). Medium risk group, with a median age of 19 years, had the highest proportions of girls (82.7%) and vocational college students (34.0%). Low risk group, with a median age of 18 years, had the highest proportions of rural residents (52.4%), non-only child (80.6%), senior high school students (41.3%), non-boarding students (17.5%) and students without internship and part-time job experience (43.2%). In terms of health education demands, high risk group had a higher demand of information about self-identity, sexual safety, sexual decision making, contraception, abortion, and sexually transmitted disease or AIDS prevention. Medium risk group paid more attention to value on love and marriage, sexual assault. Low risk group showed a higher demand of adolescent physiology knowledge. Compared with low risk group, high risk group had a higher demand of peer education, Internet/multimedia, anonymous counseling and other forms of sexual health education. The differences were significant.Conclusion:The characteristics, sexual knowledge awareness, attitude and behavior, and health education demands of young students in different groups are different, so health education materials and methods should be developed according to the characteristics of different groups to enhance the acceptance and enthusiasm of students and improve the quality of sexual health education.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors for HIV testing services utilization in students with self-assessed high risk of HIV infection.Methods:The research framework of the influencing factors for HIV testing services utilization in students was developed based on Andersen's health services utilization behavioral model and related literature. A cross-sectional survey was performed in students with self-assessed high risk of HIV infection by an online HIV infection risk assessment tool from March to April 2019. Multiple logistic regressions were applied with hierarchical model.Results:A total of 526 students were included in the study (age: 19.30±1.19 years old), in whom 96.2% agreed that HIV testing should be received after high-risk behavior. 56.7% (298/526) had sexual behavior and the HIV testing rate was 11.0% (58/526). The HIV testing rates in students who had and had no sex behavior were 13.42%(40/298) and 7.89% (18/228), respectively. According to the results from multivariate logistic regression analysis, non-heterosexual (compared with heterosexual, OR=7.88, 95% CI: 3.98-15.61) and higher score of AIDS knowledge awareness (compared with lower score, OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.07-3.93) in propensity factor module, and having risk sexual behavior (compared with having no risk sexual behavior, OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.41-5.03) and having diagnosis of STD infection in hospital (compared with having no such diagnosis, OR=6.35, 95% CI: 2.21-18.27) in demand factor module, and receiving health education about AIDS prevention in the past year (compared with receiving no such health education, OR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76) and receiving health education about AIDS testing service in the past year (compared with receiving no such health education, OR=3.67, 95% CI: 1.71-7.90) in ability factor module were the influencing factors for utilization of HIV testing services. Conclusions:The acceptance of HIV testing in students needs to be improved urgently. Propensity factors, such as their AIDS knowledge awareness and sexual orientation, and demand factors, such as having risk sexual behavior and STD infection, have obvious impacts on the utilization of HIV testing services. However, health education about AIDS prevention and HIV testing service can play a more important role in facilitating the utilization of HIV testing in students. In the future, we should further strengthen the publicity of voluntary HIV counseling and testing service in students with particular attention to girls and those with risk sexual behaviors.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of "self-categorization" on decision of health preference and the influence of self-categorized deviation in knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on the willingness of seeking help for sexual health among young students.Methods:From March to April 2019, young students who used a WeChat applet for sexual health and HIV infection risk assessment, which is called "Detective Bear" were recruited and investigated. According to the consistency between the self-categorization of KAP for sexual health and the systematic categorization from their honest answers, the participants were allocated into three groups: consistent, low or high status, according to their judgment on sexual information acquisition, sexual attitude, and the actual number of sexual experiences. Logistic regression was used to analyze the differences in the willingness to seek help for sexual health problems between the three groups.Results:2 009 students with an average age of (19.2±1.1) were included. 54.7% (1 099/2 009) were female, and 98.4% (1 976/2 009) were college, undergraduate or postgraduate students. 49.0% (984/2 009) were in the consistent group, 10.9% (219/2 009) had a lower self-categorization, 40.1% (806/2 009) had a higher self-categorization. Compared with the consistent group, students with lower self-categorization of KAP for sexual health were less likely to assess HIV voluntary counseling and testing (a OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99). However, students with higher self-categorization seemed to dislike seeking help for sexually transmitted diseases (a OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98). Conclusions:Deviation in self-categorization of KAP for sexual health will reduce the young students' willingness to seek help for related problems. Especially those with lower self-categorization, lack of risk consciousness, and refuse to assess counseling and testing may increase the HIV/AIDS epidemic among this population. It is necessary to strengthen the capacity of self-assessment for young students while promoting sex education.

Objective:To summarize the design and analysis of testing results of a WeChat applet, which is called "Detective Bear", for sexual health and HIV infection risk assessment in young students, and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness.Methods:Based on self-categorization theory, by using cluster analysis and Delphi expert consulting method, the framework of WeChat applet, risk assessment index system and preventive intervention content were determined. Young students were recruited by student associations for the application test, the results of the repeated tests and the satisfaction survey were collected and analyzed.Results:The study included 393 participants who repeated the test twice and 750 participants who volunteered to participate in the satisfaction questionnaire survey. The applet contains five modules: self-role judgment, self-test, risk assessment, assessment report generation and background management. The risk assessment module contains 6 first-level indicators and 55 second-level indicators. Assessment report generation module includes role diagnosis type, radar chart of HIV sexual health KAP and intervention prescription. In 393 students who repeated the test, the awareness of AIDS to be a serious sexually transmitted disease, the epidemic trend in young students in China, with active seeking HIV testing services and caring the infected improved. The satisfaction survey showed that 75.7% of students (568/750) accepted the applet, 86.5% (649/750) agreed the evaluation report, 83.1%(623/750) thought that there were some problems, but it was easy to use, 93.3% (700/750) said they can learn something from the applet and 84.1% (631/750) satisfied with the page design. Some students thought the questionnaire was too long and somewhat difficult to complete ( P<0.05), and some reported that more can be learned ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The applet integrates AIDS prevention related knowledge and practice into a challenging, interesting, interactive game and provide individualized, concrete risk assessment and self-intervention for young students, which can effectively help students to improve the awareness of AIDS related knowledge and get links for access to condoms, testing and other intervention services. However, its large-scale application and long-term effect need to be further tested.

Objective To evaluate and compare the detection consistency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by two immunoassays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA). Methods A prospective study was conducted among 2296 pregnant women recruited consecutively from January 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015 in a hospital. Blood samples were collected from them for the detection of HBsAg by using ELISA and ECLIA, Ka ppa test was performed on the results. Nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of HBV S gene were also performed in all samples. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Mega 6.0 software. Results The two methods had high detection consistence of HBsAg ( Ka ppa=0.71). There were significant differences in detection result of B genotype and adw2 serotype HBV strains between two methods. Among 123 identified HBV strains, 113 belonged to genotype B and available for further analysis. The difference in detection of substitution rates between two methods or different positive groups were not significant. Compared with ELISA single positive group, the ECLIA single positive group had completely different substitution sites. Conclusion The two methods had high detection consistence of HBsAg, but there were still 32.4% HBV DNA positive cases in ELISA/ECLIA single positive group, and complete complementary substitution sites between ELISA single positive group and ECLIA single positive group. Our results suggested that more effective detection procedure should be considered for the possible impact of the HBV silent transmission and infection.