Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine in combination with umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs) transplantation on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, and were labeled with CM-DiI fluorescent dye.Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group, ischemia reperfusion injury group, glutamine group, MSCs transplantation group and combined group with 15 rats in each group.The control group received saline enema.The injury group was treated with TNBS ( ethanol dilution) enema.The glutamine group at 1 h after TNBS received intravenous injection of 0.45 g/kg glutamine.The rats of MSCs transplantation group had tail vein injection of 1 ×1010/L umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension, and the combined group received intravenous injection of glutamine 0.45 g/kg and 1 ×1010/L umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension.ELISA was used to detect the midgut fatty acid binding protein (iFABP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the rat serum.The water content of intestinal tissue was detected at 1 h and 3 h after reperfusion in each group.The expressions of NF-kB, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 mRNA and proteins in the rat intestinal epithelial cells after treated with glutamine in combination with MSCs were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assays.Results The fluorescent tracer method revealed that the transplanted MSCs cells were distributed in the intestinal mucosal lymphoid tissues and glandular epithelial cells, indicating that MSCs might be involved in the repair process of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.The content of serum IFABP and IL-6 in the injured group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while significantly reduced in the glutamine group, MSCs transplantation group and combined group, with the most obvious in the combined group.The content of SOD in the injury group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and significantly increased than that in the glutamine group, MSCs transplantation group, with the most striking in the combined group ( P<0.05 for all) .The water content of intestinal tissue in the injury group at 1 and 3 hours after reperfusion was significantly higher than that in the control group, significantly lower in the glutamine group, MSCs transplantation group and the combined group, with the most decreased in the combination group, and there was no significant difference between the glutamine group and MSCs transplantation group (P>0.05).Compared with the control group, the caspase-3 and NF-kB mRNA and protein expressions in the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of the injury group were significantly increased, and the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced ( P <0.05 ) , the expressions of caspase-3 and NF-kB mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the glutamine group, MSCs transplantation group and combined group.The expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly increased ( P<0.05) , while no significant difference was shown between the glutamine group and MSCs transplantation group (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between these two groups and the combined group (P<0.05).Conclusions After treated with glutamine and MSCs transplantation, the degree of intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury is obviously reduced in rats.It may be mediated through inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 and NF-kB and promoting the expression of Bcl-2.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to simultaneously determine the contents of shikonin andβ,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin inZizhu Ointment.Methods The contents of shikonin andβ,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin inZizhu Ointment were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were Welch Materials XB-C18 Column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 18.5μm), with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (75:25:0.05), detection wavelength of 516 nm, temperature of 30℃, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the load of 20μL.Results Shikonin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.025 6-0.256μg (r2=0.999 5), and the average recovery rate was 98.12% (RSD=1.92%).β,β'-dimethylacrylshikonin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.174 4-2.616μg (r2=0.999 2), and the average recovery rate was 100.46% (RSD=1.17%).Conclusion This method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Zizhu Ointment.

The first metatarsophalangeal joint bending plays an important role in the foot movement. However, the existing researches mainly focused on the movement scope of the joint and the clinical treatments of related foot diseases. In order to investigate the effects of the first metatarsophalangeal joint bending on human walking gait stability, the present researchers recruited 6 healthy young men to perform the first metatarsophalangeal joint constraint (FMJC) and barefoot (BF) walking tests. Data of the temporal and spatial parameters, the joint angles of lower limbs, the ground reaction forces (GRF) and utilized coefficients of friction (UCOF) were collected and analyzed. The results showed that, since hip and knee could produce compensation motions, the FMJC had no significant effects on waking gait, but the slip and fall probability increased significantly.
Friction ; Gait ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; physiology ; Walking

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can repair intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injuny by interfering inflammatory reactions after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion to protect intestinal barrier functions. In recent years, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s are gradual y used as a substitute source of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s on acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s were induced, isolated in vitro and tracked by CM-DiI fluorescent labeling. Sixty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were equivalently randomized into three groups:control group received normal saline enema, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury group with ethanol diluted trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid and transplantation group administrated with 1×1010/L umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel suspension via the tail vein at 1 hour after trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid modeling. At 3 days after transplantation, colon tissues were removed in each group to observe pathological changes of the intestinal tract by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Besides, expression of leptin mRNA in the colon tissues and cyclooxygenase-2 in the mucosa were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Transplanted umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s distributed in the intestinal lymphoid tissue and among glandular epithelial cel s, suggesting that these stem cel s might be involved in the process of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury repair. Compared with the control group, intestinal injury in the injury group was significantly aggravated, and most intestinal epithelial cel s shed;and the transplantation group appeared to have significantly reduced intestinal damage and significantly less cel shedding. Expression of leptin mRNA was significantly higher in the injury group than the transplantation group fol owed by the control group, and there were significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05). Additional y, expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the injury group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05);compared with the injury group, expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly lower in the transplantation group (P<0.05). To conclude, leptin and cyclooxygenase-2 may be involved in acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel transplantation significantly lessens intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which provides an experimental basis for human treating acute intestinal ischemic injury.

[Objective] In order to provide a basis for treatment,the article discussed the meaning of Nourishing Spleen Theory and its relationship with clinical liver disease.[Methods]Reviewing the ancient Chinese literature,the paper discussed the Nourishing Spleen Theory from the origin and practice of ancient physicians.By studying the physiological and symptoms,the author discussed the relationship between the liver and traditional spleen,and found the principles of nourishing spleen for treating liver diseases.[Results] Originated in (Huangdi Neijing),the Nourishing Spleen Theory is known as superior,and has a long history.The liver of modern medicine is one of the important contents of traditional Chinese "spleen".There is full theoretical and practical basis in treatment of liver disease by nourishing spleen.And the treatment including replenishing qi,promoting digestion,draining water,activating blood.[Conclusion] Nourishing spleen is an important method for the treatment of liver disease,and it is expected to achieve a good effect in clinic.

Objective:To develop the Exercise Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Patients suitable for China, and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:Guided by the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice, a questionnaire framework was constructed, and the first draft of the Exercise Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Patients was formed through literature review, group discussion, semi-structured interview, Delphi expert consultation and pre-investigation. From June to August 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 120 osteoporosis patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University as the research object to conduct a questionnaire survey to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed, 110 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 91.67% (110/120) .Results:Among 2 rounds of Delphi expert consultation, the expert authority coefficients were 0.880 and 0.900, respectively, and the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.308 and 0.332, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.01) . The Exercise Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Patients included two sub-questionnaire of knowledge and behavior, with a total of 19 items, including 10 items in knowledge and 9 items in behavior. Exploratory factor analysis showed that 2 common factors were extracted from the exercise knowledge sub-questionnaire, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 60.712%. A total of one common factor was extracted for the exercise behavior sub-questionnaire, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 72.075%. The content validity index of the total questionnaire and each sub-questionnaire were 0.925, 0.921, and 0.929, respectively, and the item-level content validity index of was 0.857 to 1.000. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the total questionnaire and each sub-questionnaire t were 0.935, 0.830, and 0.953, respectively, and the split-half reliability coefficients of the total questionnaire and each sub-questionnaire were 0.979, 0.898, and 0.974, respectively, and the test-retest reliability coefficients of the total questionnaire and each sub-questionnaire were 0.878, 0.813, 0.860, respectively. Conclusions:The Exercise Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Osteoporosis Patients has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate exercise knowledge and behavior in patients with osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the oral health knowledge awareness, attitude and behavior of children in endemic fluorosis areas of Guizhou Province, and evaluate the effectiveness of health education, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving oral health.Methods:In September 2020, 6 counties (cities and districts) were selected as survey sites from the historical fluorosis medium and severe areas in Guizhou Province. One township/village primary school was selected from each survey site to carry out health education activities for one school year. A questionnaire survey was conducted among students from grades 1 to 6 to analyze the changes in children's oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior before and after health education and their influencing factors.Results:Before and after health education, the awareness rate of children's oral health knowledge increased from 79.22% (7 744/9 775) to 94.38% (9 169/9 715), the recognition rate of children's importance of oral health increased from 89.26% (3 490/3 910) to 95.88% (3 726/3 886), and the formation rate of children's oral health behavior increased from 62.59% (6 118/9 775) to 80.38% (7 809/9 715), with an increase of 15.16, 6.62 and 17.79 percentage points, respectively, the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 975.62, 15.17, 756.29, P < 0.001). The analysis of influencing factors showed that whether to stay, gender, and ethnic characteristics could significantly affect the overall score ( t = - 3.94, - 3.86, - 3.62, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The implementation of oral health education in endemic fluorosis areas in Guizhou Province has significantly improved the health knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health among children in endemic fluorosis areas.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound(HFIU)combined with endometrial ablation in the treatment of adenomyosis(AM)patients with heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB).Method A total of 199 patients with AM combined with HMB who underwent HIFU treatment at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Center of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM from July 2020 to September 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to the ablation range.The combined ablation group included 80 cases with lesion and endometrial ablation(endometrial ablation rate≥30%),while the lesion ablation group 119 cases with simple lesion ablation.A 1∶1 propensity score matching was performed on the two groups,resulting in 59 patients in each group.A 6-month follow-up was conducted.The clinical manifestations(menstrual volume,degree of dysmenorrhea,uterine and lesion volume),quality of life(MS-QOL,UFS-QOL),and postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups before and 6 months after surgery was compared.Results Menstrual volume,degree of dysmenorrhea,uterine and lesion volume,MS-QOL score,and UFS-QOL score of the both groups were improved 6 months after surgery,when compared to those before surgery(P<0.05).Significantly reduced menstrual volume,degree of dysmenorrhea,and lower MS-QOL score were observed in the combined ablation group when compared with the lesion ablation group(P<0.05),but there was no statistical significance in uterine and lesion volume and UFS-QOL score(P>0.05).There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05),but the combined ablation group had longer vaginal bleeding and fluid flow time(P<0.05).Conclusion The combined HIFU and endometrial ablation can effectively reduce menstrual flow,alleviate dysmenorrhea,and improve quality of life in patients with AM combined with HMB.Although it increases vaginal bleeding and fluid flow time,reasonable symptomatic management can effectively prevent the occurrence of adverse consequences such as infection.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against of Oncomelania hupensis snails in snail habitats in marshland areas. Methods From September to October, 2022, marshlands were sampled from Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province as study areas, and assigned into four groups, of approximately 3 000 m² per group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group B, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was conducted, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group D, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning. Then, the study areas in each group were equally divided into six blocks, with Block 1 for baseline surveys and blocks 2 to 6 for snail surveys 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days following chemical treatment. The mortality of snails and the reduction of the density of living snails were calculated. Results A total of 132 frames were surveyed during the period from September to October 2022, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and means density of living snails were 61.36% (81/132) and 1.58 snails/0.1 m², respectively. The overall mortality rates of snails were 43.02% (77/179), 38.69% (77/199), 47.78% (86/180) and 31.02% (58/187) 14 days following chemical treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (χ² = 11.646, P < 0.05), and there were differences detected in the snail mortality between group A and D, and between groups C and D (both P_adjusted values < 0.05). The adjusted mortality rates of snails were 37.42%, 36.07%, 38.85% and 40.40% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails decreased by 48.10%, 63.29%, 67.09% and 69.62% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, respectively. Conclusions Chemical treatment with drones is feasible for O. hupensis snail control in marshland areas; however, the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is comparable to spraying chemicals manually in marshland areas regardless of environmental cleaning.