Orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in adrenal and gonadal development,steroidogenesis,and reproductive function. Twenty five different mutations have been described and their clinical features are various. Detection of SF-1 gene may be contribute to the etiological diagnosis for 46, XY disorder of sex development patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for anterior mediastinal modules. Methods Thoracoscopic surgery was performed with the patients in supine position and the thoracoscope set at 30?. Three trocars were used during the procedure. One of the trocars was inserted through the fifth or sixth intercostal space at the midaxillary line for direct observation. And the other two were placed at the second or third intercostal space at the midclavicular line,and the fifth intercostal space at the anterior axillary line. The nodules were removed directly during the operation. For inseparable nodules,the whole thymus and the fat tissues in the anterior mediastinum were removed all together. Results The procedure was completed under a thoracoscope in all of the 32 cases. Small assistant incision was made in 3 cases because of hemorrhage in the chest cavity. Postoperative pathological examination showed thymus tumor in 14 cases,hyperplasia of the thymus in 3,thymic cyst in 5,bronchial cyst in 3,pericardial cyst in 2,neurilemmoma in 2,lymph node in 2,and angioma in 1. The accordance rate of pre-and post-operative diagnosis was 68.8% (22/32). Postoperative complications were found in two patients,including one case of pericardial effusion,and one case of lung infection. Both the cases were cured afterwards. Conclusions Thoracoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of anterior mediastinal nodules. It is optimal for young patients and cases with low lung function,as it causes less pain,quicker recovery,and satisfying cosmetic outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of pathogens in liver abscess and their resistance.METHODS All specimens of liquor puris were collected from patients with liver abscess by liver puncture in Union hospital,Fujian Medical University from Jan 2002 to Dec 2007.Pathogens were isolated,and followed by antibiotics resistance assay.RESULTS The key pathogens of liver abscess were Gram-negative bacteria.The main Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.The main Gram-positive bacteria were Streptococcus,Enterococcus and Staphylococcus.The resistance of K.pneumoniae was increased in recent years.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial species in the liver abscess are varying in recent six years,the ESBLs are the important factor of the resistance to antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of primary culture of nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells,and the effect of proliferation due to hormone.Methods Normal human mammary tissue was taken from mammary segment ectomy,and the tissue was digested by collagenase type Ⅰ.Epithelial depuration was carried out by integration of burning and enzyme digestion.The cells we acquired were identified by observation of cell morphology by light and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).Results It is feasible to culture nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells.?-estradiol and progesterone at 1?10-5 g/L can promote the proliferation of the normal human mammary epithelial cells.

Clostridium difficile (C.difficile) infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.C.difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is mediated mainly by two bacterial toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which cause the diarrhea, as well as colitis and even intestinal necrosis.It has been indicated that level of C.difficile toxin is an important factor influencing the clinical phenotype of CDAD, however, the exact association between toxin and clinical phenotype remains unclear.In this article, we summarized the clinical phenotype of CDAD, the structure, function and regulatory mechanism of C.difficile toxin and discussed the relationship between C.difficile toxin and clinical phenotype, which may help to understand the pathogenic mechanism and provide possible therapeutic target for C.difficile infection.

To adhere teaching contest was an effective way of improve the teaching skills of young teachers in colleges,and was very important in improving the teaching level of medical school. Based on the experience of training teachers though teaching contests,we gave some suggestions on teaching contest.

Astrocyte elevated gene (AEG) -1 is cloned as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -1-inducible and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-inducible transcript in primary human fetal astrocytes (PHFA) by a rapid subtraction hybridization approach. AEG-1 has been reported to be up-regulated in various types of human cancers. Multivariate analyses indicat that AEG-1 correlates with the ability of growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance of tumors. AEG-1 over-expression activates the PI3K-Akt,nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways in several crucial aspects of tumorprogression. AEG-1 represents a viable potential target for the therapy of human cancers.

In recent years,it has been reported that the osteopontin attracts great attention for its roles in tumor growth and metastasis.In many tumors,osteopontin plays an important role in promoting tumor growth,metastasis and enhancing adhesion and migration abilities.In particular,in hepatocellular carcinoma,osteopontin has very satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis and is relatively effective on prognosis prediction.Suppression osteopontin expression will inhibit liver cancer growth and metastasis,indicating that the osteopontin stays a new target for liver cancer treatment and possesses intangible clinical potential.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging features of moyamoya disease (MMD).Method The clinical manifestations and the results of CT angiography ( CTA ) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examinations of 162 cases diagnosed with M MD were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 162 patients with MMD, 132 cases (81.48% ) had stroke, in which cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack (TIA) were 20 cases, intraventricular hemorrhage were 48 cases, cerebral hemorrhage were 52 cases, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were 10 cases and acute subdural hemorrhage were 2 cases; 8 cases(4.94%) had simple migraine and 22 cases(13.58%) had simple epilepsy.All the patients were with typical imaging findings: ( 1 ) The central branch of the internal carotid artery,bilateral internal carotid artery clinoid segment and proximal arterial stenosis or occlusion was the main performance of MMD.(2) Abnormal vascular network in the skull base was the most feature of MMD changes.(3) The performance of collateral circulation.Conclusions CTA and DSA can be used for the diagnosis of MMD patients.DSA is the gold standard for diagnosis of MMD.

Vildagliptin is a potent and specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4,which has been implicated to enhance and prolong the physiological actions of incretion hormones including glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.Vildagliptin is an orally administered drug and has been licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Vildagliptin monotherapy or in combination with other drugs can effectively lower glycosylated haemoglobin levels to a great extent.In addition,vildagliptin acts in a glucose-dependent manner,explaining its low risk of hypoglycemia.This drug has been proved well tolerated with few gastrointestinal side effects or oedema.Therefore vildagliptin is a promising new option for type 2 diabetic patients,and these patients would achieve better glycemic control and fewer complications in the long run.