A 1.8 kb HinfI fragment carrying the chitinase gene(chiA) from Serratia marcescens was isolated from the plasmid pLCHIA and was inserted into the SmaI site downstream of the strong Ptac promoter in the expression vector pKK223-3,yielding the plasmid pKChiA.The 2.1 kb PtacChiA fusion fragment was excised by BamHI from the plasmid pKChiA and was inserted into the single BamHI site present within the plasmid pMC71A,thus generating the plasmid pMChiA.High levels of chitinase were produced by the E.coli strains HB101 and JM105 carrying the plasmid pKChiA or the plasmid pMChiA,with the amount of production were higher 1～3 fold than that produced by the strains carrying the plasmid pLCHIA.

Objective To study the growth differences of Isatis indigotica sown in spring and autmn,reproductive identity and seedy condition of I.indigotica sown in various times,so as to provide the theoretical foundation for scientific standardization of cultivating process.Methods I.indigotica was sampled at a fixed period.At each stage,the growth of seedling and root system was recorded,blooming and seedy condition was recorded in efflorescence.Results The results showed that I.indigotica turned into genesial cycle after thermostage and the change of plant height and crown of I.indigotica were evidence.There was obvious differences between I.indigotica sown in different times.I.indigotica sown in spring grew better than that sown in autumn before efflorescence,but it grew worse than I.indigotica sown in autumn after seeding.Conclusion The weight of thousand seeds,average yield of single plant,and acre yield are different between the two ways for reserving seeds,but the difference of germination rate of seed is indistinctive,it will not influence the yield next year.The seed quality of I.indigotica sown in spring is better than that sown in autumn,but it must pay regard to the plant falling problem.The two ways are both feasible in the south of China while sown in spring is more suitable in the north of China.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of modified and traditional posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods A retrospective review was made on 47 patients who sustained monosegmental L4.5 stenosis due to lumbar degenerative revise and characterized by typical intermittent claudication and single or both limb numbness and pain.The patients were randomly allocated to Group A and Group B using the lottery method.Group A (n =24) consisted of 10 males and 14 females at mean age of 52 years (range,47-66 years) and the course of disease averaged 13 months (range,9-23 months).Group B (n =23) contained 8 males and 15 females at mean age of 53 years (range,49-67 years) and the course of disease averaged 11.5 months (range,6-22months).Modified PLIF including spinous process replantation combined with canal H-shaped bone grafting for posterior column reconstruction and interbody fusion was performed in Group A.Traditional PLIF,namely posterior spinal decompression and interbody fusion,was performed in Group B.Waist function rehabilitation after surgery of the patients in the two groups was assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and postoperative results were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences between Groups A and B regarding the operation time [(1 90 ± 15.66) min vs (170 ± 11.32) min] and intraoperative blood loss [(980 ± 35.58) ml vs (879 ± 21.25) ml] (P ＞ 0.05).Mean period of follow-up was 20 months (range,12-28 months).Postoperative results in Group A were graded as excellent in 19cases,good in three,fair in two and poor in zero,with excellence rate of 88％.While in Group B,the results were excellent in 13 cases,good in four,fair in four and poor in two,with excellence rate of 74％(P ＜ 0.05).ODI score and symptom improvement rate after operation were better in Group A than in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The modified PLIF including spinous process replantation combined with canal H-shaped bone grafting for posterior column reconstruction is relatively an ideal surgical technique for treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis and deserves wide promotion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between androgen receptor CAG-gene polymorphism and androgen in male with salt sensitive hypertension.Methods Through the oral saline loading test and furosemide volume method male hypertension group were divided into salt-sensitive (SS group) and salt-insensitive (SR group).The samples from 161 males were selected in the study,including salt sensitive hypertension patients (SS group,61/161),salt-insensitive hypertension patients (SR group,40/161) and age-matched healthy samples (control group,60/161).All samples were sequenced with an analysis method (CAG) n repeated polymorphism,and determinated of total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT) level in serum by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The number of CAG repeats was 14～34,average 22.4± 2.7.The CAG repeats of SS,SR and control group were 23.5±3.75,22.3±3.17 and 21.8±2.95,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups (t=2.627～ 3.257,all P＜0.05).The level of TT and FT in SS and SR group were decreased compared with that of control group.At the same time,the level of SS group was lower,and there were significant differences among the three groups (t=2.524～ 3.826,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The androgen receptor gene repeat length and androgen levels are associated with male hypertension,especially salt-sensitive hypertension.Long (CAG) n repeat polymorphism maybe a genetic factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Plasma androgen levels may be used as a predictor of male salt sensitive hypertension.

A diving decompression procedure is a specific rule that divers should follow when they ascend and get out of water. It comes from the decompression theory and algorithm and is designed for the prevention of decompression sickness. With the ， ， development of diving technology and diving medicine the decompression procedures are constantly innovated and the new ， decompression procedure can be used in diving practice after safety verification. In principle the safety verification of ， decompression procedures should be conducted on animal experiments before human experiments and the risks of ， decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity should be systematically assessed. However the assessment methods used in ， ， ， different studies differ greatly thus it is urgent to establish a standard and universal verification system. Traditionally the risk ， ， assessment of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity is mainly carried out by observing the incidence detecting bubbles ， theoretical calculation and lung functional test. Furthermore biochemical indicators are increasingly becoming important ， ， supplements. Due to the special underwater environment the diving operation is prone to accidents. Therefore in addition to ， verifying the safety of the new decompression procedure exploring its safety decompression limit is of great significance for the formulation of emergency decompression procedures in emergency situations. The specific approach is to shorten the decompression time and assess the safety until the critical time for detecting bubbles without the occurrence of decompression ， ， sickness is found. Future studies should continue to optimize safety assessment methods explore sensitive biochemical markers ， clarify species associations and improve verification efficiency and reliability of results.

In the context of Popular Entrepreneurship and Innovation, scientific and systemic implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education is the focus of higher education reform at present. This paper analyzes the important significances of carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education in higher education of traditional Chinese Medicine, introduces the specific practices and experi-ences of designing educational concept and constructing education system about innovation and entrepre-neurship education, following the objective laws of modern educational development and the growth pattern of Chinese medicine talents, in order to provide reference for further promoting innovation and entrepreneu-rship education reform.

Objective To detect the clinical effect of posterior reduction combined with H-shaped bone grafting and spinous process replantation for reconstruction of spinal structures in treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.Methods Forty-three patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture treated surgically from February 2008 to June 2012 were reviewed retrospectively.There were 30 male and 13 female patients aged 23 to 55 years (mean,38 years).Fracture resulted from high falls in 21 patients,traffic accidents in 16 patients,and a crush by heavy objects in 6 patients.Denis system was used for classification of fracture and Frankel rating for assessing the degree of nerve damage and recovery.After posterior reduction combined with H-shaped bone grafting and spinous process replantation for all patients,visual analogue scale (VAS) was utilized to assess symptom improvement and Cobb' s angle and sagittal spinal canal diameter were measured to help assess the treatment outcome.Results Pain was apparently eased at a 24-month follow-up (range,12-46 months).Cobb' s angle improved from preoperative 43.56° to postoperative 8.23° (t =1.33,P ＜ 0.01).CT findings showed mean spinal canal stenosis rate was 56.3％ before surgery and that mean sagittal canal diameter of the injured spine was larger than that of adjacent segments at follow-up,with the mean ratio of 116.3％ (range,111.3％-120.3％).Rate of spinal canal stenosis was negative for all patients and posterior canal with bone grafts healed.Spinal cord injury improved at least one Frankel grade.Conclusion Posterior reduction combined with H-shaped bone grafting and spinous process replantation is worthy of clinical application,for the procedure can restore the fractured thoracolumbar spine and posterior canal structure,but also effectively avoid the iatrogenic spinal stenosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application and safety of CT-guided pereutaneous transthoracic biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal masses.Methods Thirty three cases were undertaken CT- guided percutaneous transthoraeie biopsy with automatic biopsy gun and then the sampling specimens were undergone histological examination.The accuracy of puncture,diagnostic correctness and complications were analyzed.Results The operations were performed successfully in all 33 cases(100%),the definite pathologic diagnosis were made in 28 out of 33 cases(85%)and no complications occurred.Conclusion As for midiastinal masses,CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy is a feasible,successful,efficient interventional diagnostic method with high accuracy in localization,puncture,diagnosis and few complications, which should he recommended in clinical use more widely.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:852-854)

AIM: To investigate the effect of exercise stress on chronic cigarette smoking-induced downregulation of expression of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK_(Ca)) and voltage-dependent delayed rectifier potassium channel (Kv1.5) in rat bronchial smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control, smoking control and smoking plus exercise training group. The alteration of airway responsiveness and plasma cortisol level were detected, and potassium channel expression and pathological changes in lung tissue were determined with HE staining, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Western blot techniques. RESULTS: (1) Cigarette smoking induced an increase in airway responsiveness, smoking plus exercise lead to a decrease in airway responsiveness in contrast to smoking control group; (2) Plasma level of cortisol determined immediately after exercise was higher than that determined before exercise; (3) HE staining showed that there was severe chronic pulmonary inflammatory response in smoking control group, which was slight in the smoking plus exercise group; (4) The protein and mRNA expression of BK_(Ca) in cigarette smoking group were less than that in control group in BSMC, the mRNA expression of BK_(Ca) in exercise group were higher than that in smoking group; (5) The protein and mRNA expression of Kv1.5 in smoking group were less than that in control group in BSMC, and expression of Kv1.5 in exercise group was higher than that in smoking group in bronchioli. CONCLUSION: Proper exercise training can increase the expression of potassium channel BK_(Ca) and Kv1.5, and increase the cortisol secretion, which may contribute to the decreasing of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by cigarette smoking. [

Aged ; Anaphylaxis ; etiology ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Bites and Stings ; complications ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology ; Wasps