AIM: To present the epidemiology, cause of injury, ocular status and final visual acuity after management of severe ocular trauma required hospitalization during 7 years in a representative urban Chinese population.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the hospital admission files of ocular trauma patients admitted to the Daping hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 was carried out.RESULTS: A total of 268 patients were open-globe injury and the remaining 294 patients were closed-globe types. The most common causes of ocular injuries were metal (29.4%), explosive (14.6%) and stone (13.9%). And the visual outcomes of most of eye injury patients in this study were poor; half of injured eyes ended with visual acuity worse than 0.1.CONCLUSION: Therapeutic methods to ocular trauma make a great progress in recent years, but the visual outcomes are poor.

Heat shock protein 27 is a small kind of protein which is produced under stress. HSP 27 is highly conservative, and plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. With the development of organ transplantation technique,the transplantation of heart,liver,kidney becomes more and more popular, the ischemia-reperfusion injury is a significant part of the management of these procedures. The endogenic research against the injury becomes more vital. This article is the first review of the relationship between heat shock protein 27 and ischemiareperfusion injury.

To investigate the inhibitive effect of the co-culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii on the proliferation of human colon cancer cell line sw480 and/or its induced apoptosis and necrosis in vitro,the co-culture model of sw480 cells (1x10~6) was established with different number of Toxoplasma gondii (the concentration of tachyzoites was 2×10~6,4×10~6,8×10~6,16×10~6 respectively),and the co-culture supernatants were gathered 72 hours later.The sw480 cells were treated for different hours with different models of the co-culture supernatant.The parasitism and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in sw480 cells was observed by Giemsa staining,and the growth inhibition rates of these cells were investigated by the CKK-8 method.Meanwhile,the apoptosis and necrosis of sw480 cells were detected with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy with Hochest 33258 staining to observe the morphological changes of sw480 cells.Agarose electrophoresis was used to detect the DNA change of sw480 cells,and flow cytometric analysis was used for investigation of rates of apoptosis and necrosis of these cells stained with Annexin-v-FITC/PI.It was found that the parasitism and proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in sw480 cells could be observed;and as demonstrated by the CKK-8 method,the inhibitive effect of the co-culture supernatant depended upon the treatment time,and a maximum inhibition ratio of 44.55% was detected at 48 hours.The karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis in the treated sw480 cells were observed under the fluorescence microscope;and the cellular necrosis were observed under TEM.In addition,the DNA fragments in the treated cells were revealed by agarose electrophoresis.In the flow cytometric analysis,a maximum prophase apoptosis rate of 11.54% was detected at 48 hours after treatment with the supernatants,while the rate of prophase apoptosis decreased,and the rates of advanced stage/necrosis increased markedly at the treatment time beyond 48 hours.It is concluded that the co-culture supernatant of Toxoplasma gondii and human colon cancer cell sw480 cell line can induce inhibition of proliferation,apoptosis and necrosis of this cell line in vitro.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and mechanisim of zoledronate sodium on periprosthetic osteolysis in rat induced by polyethylene particles.

METHODSTotal 30 adult male SD rats, weighting from 250 to 300 g, were selected and randomly divided into three groups: blank control group, model control group and zoledronate sodium group respectively, 10 animals for each group. No treatment was performed in the blank control group. In model control group and zoledronate sodium group, the modle of periprosthetic osteolysis in rats were made by implanting polyethylene particles and titanium rods into their right femurs. After operation, rats in zoledronate sodium group were administered with zoledronate sodium (0.1 mg/kg each week) through subcutaneous injection for 8 weeks, then the blood was obtained and all experimental animals were sacrificed to get the right femur specimens. The femur BMD, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, serum TRACP5b and CTX-I were detected.

RESULTSCompared with the model control group, the femur BMD was increased, while IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were all decreased in zoledronate sodium group; the serum TRACP5b and CTX-I level were both reduced in zoledronate sodium group.

CONCLUSIONThe zoledronate sodium could effectively inhibit periprosthetic osteolysis in rats induced by polyethylene particles, which might be realized by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. It provides a new method to treat periprosthetic osteolysis of the artificial joint prosthesis.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Collagen Type I ; analysis ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Diphosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Joint Prosthesis ; Male ; Osteolysis ; drug therapy ; Peptides ; analysis ; Polyethylene ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM:To examine and compare the effects of several ARBs that are widely used in clinics , on the ACE-Ang II-AT1 receptor and the ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis during the development of cardiac remodeling after pressure overload .METHODS: All of the mice used in the study underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation for 2 or 4 weeks.A solution of either ARBs or sa-line was administered through a stomach tube 3 days before the operation .Meanwhile , to eliminate the influence of Ang II , a recombi-nant adenovirus expressing small interfering RNAs targeting angiotensinogen ( Ad-ATG siRNA) was injected via the tail vein .The sur-gery was then performed and the drug was administered as mentioned above .Cardiac function and remodeling were evaluated by echo-cardiography , hemodynamic measurements and cardiac histology .Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels . Meanwhile , we performed similar experiments using ARBs with or without ATG siRNA in cardiomyocytes induced by mechanical stretch.RESULTS:Although all of the six ARBs , none of which repressed the elevation of left ventricular pressure after TAC , attenu-ated the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the wild-type mice, the degree of attenuation by Olmesartan , Candesar-tan and Losartan tended to be larger than that of the other three drugs tested .Additionally , the degree of downregulation of the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and upregulation of the ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis was higher in response to Olmesartan, Candesartan and Losartan administration in vivo and in vitro.Additionally, Olmesartan had a larger influence when administered long term .However, the expres-sion of ACE was not influenced by the administration of ARBs in vivo and in vitro.Moreover, in angiotensinogen-knockdown mice, TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure were inhibited by Olmesartan , Candesartan and Losartan but not by Telmisartan , Valsartan and Irbesartan administration .Furthermore , only Olmesartan and Candesartan could downregulate the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis and upregulate the ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis in vitro.CONCLUSION: Olmesartan, Candesartan and Losartan could effectively in-hibit pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling even when with knockdown of Ang II , possibly through upregulation of the expres-sion of the ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis and downregulation of the expression of the ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis.In contrast, Telmisartan, Valsartan and Irbesartan only played a role in the presence of Ang II , and Losartan had no effect in the presence of Ang II in vitro.

Objective To investigate the causes of hypothermia in severe trauma patients as well as the effects of warming nursing.Methods Toally 100 severe trauma patients with hypothermia were engaged in the study during January to December 2014.Their temperature was monitored and recorded,the causes analyzed so that the warming nursing measures were done to them.Results Among the 100 patients,59 contracted hypothermia,with the rate of 59.0％ before operation,28 contracted hypothermia during operation,with the incidence rate of 28.0％.The causes of hypothermia included injury,anaesthesia,exposure and fluid resuscitation.The nursing measures included pre-treatment before anaesthesia,avoidance of more exposure and intraoperative warming.Conclusions For the patients with severe trauma,the hypothermia during the operation can be caused by injury,anaesthesia,exposure and fluid resuscitation.The warming nursing can reduce the incidence of hypothermia so as to increase their survival rate.

Objective To examine the clinical manifestations and pulmonary radiological features in patients with triphosgene poisoning.Methods Clinical manifestations,laboratory tests and CT scans were analyzed retrospectively in 17 patients with triphosgene poisoning.We focused on the severity,development and repair of pulmonary impairment.Results Plain film and CT scans in five mild cases demonstrated bilateral scattered pulmonary patchy shadows.Of 12 cases with moderate to severe diseases,three showed bilateral multiple pulmonary patchy shadows and nodules with confluence of part of the lesions on plain film and CT scans;bilateral lungs were involved in nine cases with imaging findings of bilateral disseminated pulmonary round or ovary nodules with different size,ill-defined and partly-confluent patchy shadows and thickening of both interlobular septum and the wall of bronchus.Of clinical interests,imaging findings were closely correlated with clinical course and laboratory results.Conclusion Radiological examinations with plain films and CT scans could reveal the severity,evolvement of pulmonary edema in patients with triphosgene poisoning,and these are of clinical benefit in the early management and prognostic evaluation of patients with triphosgene poisoning.

From an ethanol extract of Euphorbia micractina roots, seven steroids fifteen aromatic derivatives were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including column chromatography over macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as stigamast-5-ene-3beta, 7alpha-diol(1), stigamast-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol(2), stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol-7-one(3), stigmast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one(4), stigmast-1, 4-dien-3-one(5), stigmast-3,6-dione(6), beta-sitosterol(7), scopoletin(8), aesculetin(9), 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin(10), quercetin(11), 3,3', 4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid(12), p-hydroxyphenylethyl anisate(13), m-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol(14), (E)-cinnamic acid(15), (E)-ferulic acid(16), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(17), vanillic acid(18), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(19), ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (20), ethyl gallate(21), and methyl gallate(22). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Steroids ; chemistry

This study aims to investigate the virological impact of the stalk region and cysteine (C) in neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A/Anhui/1/05 (H5N1) and A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1) viruses. The NA of A/ Anhui/1/05 (H5N1), defined as AH N1, lacked 20 amino acids (including C, defined as s20) as compared with NA of A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1) (defined as 09N1). We deleted s20 of 09N1 to construct 09N1-s20, and inserted s20 into AH N1 to construct AH N1+s20. To investigate the impact of C on the biological function of NA, we deleted C in 09N1 to construct 09N1-C and inserted C into AH N1 to construct AH N1-C. The pseudo-type viral particle (pp) system was used to evaluate the impact of these mutants on virology. The combination of 09N1-C and 09H1 (defined as 09H1::09N1-C) showed an infectivity 8 times that of the wild type 09H1::09N1, while the infectivity of the combination of AH N1+C and AH H5 (defined as AH H5::AH N1+C) was much lower than that of the wild type AH H5::AH N1. The infectivity of the combination of 09N1-s20 and 09H1 (defined as 09H1::09N1-s20) was 4 times that of the wild type 09H1::09N1; the infectivity of the combination of AH N1+s20 and AH H5 (defined as AH H5:: AH N1+s20) was 1/7 that of the wild type AH H5::AH N1. The co-existence of 09N1-C and AH H5 displayed 6 times the infectivity of AH H5::09N1, while the infectivity of 09H1::AH N1+C was very low. Multimer analysis showed that in the wild type 09N1, the forms of NA were dimer > tetramer > monomer; the major component of NA in 09N1-C was monomer; in 09N1-s20, the forms of NA were monomer > dimer. AH N1 was mainly composed of monomer; in AH N1+s20, the forms of NA were dimer > monomer > tetramer; in AH N1+C, the forms of NA were dimer > tetramer. Deletion of C or s20 from 09N1 did not change the expression of NA. The study suggested that deletion of C from the stalk region of NA in A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1) increases infectivity. Insertion of C into NA's stalk region of A/ Anhui/1/05 (H5N1) significantly decreases infectivity. Cysteine deletion in the stalk region is important for the infectivity of A/Anhui/1/05 (H5N1) and A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1). It may interfere with the infectivity via changes in NA polymerization.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virulence

Adolescent ; Adult ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx ; pathology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters ; poisoning ; Young Adult