Objective To examine the association between internet addiction and suicidal behaviors in adolescences and to explore whether the association could be partly or fully accounted by depression or/and behaviors related to the impulsity. Methods A total of 3507 urban adolescent students in Hefei were administered to complete the questionnaire concerning interact addiction disorder(IAD), suicidal behaviors during the 12 months preceding the survey, behaviors related to the impulsity, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and early childhood adversities,respectively. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations and possible roles of depression and behaviors related to the impulsity between internet addition and suicidal behaviors after adjustment for confounding factors. Results Of the 3507 participants, 5.2% were diagnosed as IAD, 27.4% reported suicidal ideation during the 12 months preceding the survey, with another 9.5% had a plan and 2.6% had an attempt. Internet addition was associated with suicidal ideation(OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.32-2.44), plan(OR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.57-3.42), and attempt(OR=2.08, 95%CI:1.03-4.22). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the association between internet addition and attempt was insignificant. When depression and behaviors related to the impulsity were entered into Hierarchical regression respectively, the associations between internet addition, suicidal ideation and plan were substantially reduced. While internet addition was enter into Hierarchical regression, the associations between depression, behaviors related to the impulsity, suicidal ideation and plan were not reduced. Conclusion Adolescent intemet addition seems to be associated with suicidal ideation and plan, and the association is possibly mediated by depression and behaviors related to the impulsity.

China ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Objective To understand health seeking behavior and its influential factors to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) on women at reproductive age in the rural areas. Methods 54 540 fertile women aged 15-49 were surveyed by a stratified-cluster-random sampling method and gynecological examination were conducted in two steps: converging at the clinics, and then visiting their households, later, 31 624 women who had at least one RTI symptom were chosen. Results Among all the women at reproductive age, the rate of having at least one RTI symptom was 59.8% with the means of RTI symptom as 1.66±0.89. 15 989 women went to see doctors out of the 31 624 women who had RTI symptoms, with a proportion of 50.6 %. The results of logistic regressy showed that those women whose husbands having higher education level, higher income, more RTI symptoms and better knowledge on RTI were more easily to go to the hospitals. However, those women whose husbands working out of the county, having older first bearing age and more numbers of pregnancy were less likely to go to the hospitals. Reasons that refrained them from going to see a doctor would include: 2137(13.7%) did not know that RTI was a disease; 7443(47.6%) of them thought that every woman were bound to have at least one symptom and it did not matter; 1629 (10.4%) of them felt shameful; 349 (2.2%) learned that the diseases were incurable; 975 (6.2 % ) felt the cost of treatment was too expensive; 2101 (13.4 %) had no time; 1001 (6.4 %) would treat themselves through buying medicines over the counter. Conclusion RTI symptoms were quite prevalent among women at reproductive age but the rate of seeing a doctor was low and caused by multi-factors. Health education and gynecological census in increasing the curable rate of RTIs should to be strengthened.

Objective To understand the perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination as well as the differences and reasons of them among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members. Methods 307 people were investigated and 117 of which were HIV/AIDS and the others were their family members. Face to face interview was carried out. Results HIV/AIDS and their family were living in the social environment rounded by stigma and discrimination. Stigma and discrimination could be divided into perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination, and these two kinds of stigma and discrimination were statistically significant different between HIV/AIDS and their family members (t=-12.540, P=0.000) , and the perceived stigma and discrimination was more serious than received stigma and discrimination. The perceived stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.558, P=0.041 ), family APGAR (OR= 0.650, P=0.027), infected with HIV or not (OR= 2.116,P=0.004). The received stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.468,P=0.028), family APGAR (OR=0.427, P=0.000) whether infected by HIV (OR=3.412, P=0.001 ). Conclusion Stigma and discrimination did exist in the environment where HIV/AIDS and their family lived, suggesting that it was necessary to develop a series of policies and measures to fight against stigma and discrimination.

Objective To understand the status and influential factors of those neglect of left-behind children in rural area,and to provide bases for the development of intervention measures.Methods 2917 students were selected as the study subjects from Changfeng county of Anhui province with cluster sampling method and were evaluated by a Parents-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and questionnaire on influential factors.Results 1694 left-behind children,accounted for 58.1％ of the total students,were surveyed in this investigation.The prevalence rates of neglect,among total children,left-behind children,non-left-behind children were 67.4％,70.2％,63.5％,respectively.The prevalence of neglect among left-behind children was higher than that among non-left-behind children (x2=14.322,P＜0.000).There were no significant associations with the neglect rate of left-behind children regarding gender or age differences.Result from multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the neglect among the left-behind children were associated with family dysfunction(OR values of moderate and serious family dysfunctions compared to good family function were 1.628 and 2.341,respectively)and the rate of keeping in touch with parents(OR values of sometimes and seldom keeping in touch compared to regular in touch were 1.299 and 1.844,respectively).The starting age of being left-behind(OR values of starting age that being left-behind from 6 to 10 and ≤5 years relative to starting age of left-behind ≥11 years were 0.703 and 0.630,respectively)appeared to be the protection factor to the neglect of those left-behind children.Conclusion Our findings indicated that the status of neglect among the left-behind children was serious.Prevention programs on the issue should target on a number of factors,including the characteristics of the chldren them-selves,as well as on the family of the children.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; Family Relations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Students, Medical ; psychology ; Young Adult

Objective: To optimize the extraction method for American ginseng. Methods: Based on the contents of the total poly-saccharides and saponins in American ginseng, the ethanol concentration, extraction duration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time were selected to determine the factors and levels by single-factor test. And then 3 factors further considered were the concentration of ethanol, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time. Results: The optimum extraction process was adding 12-fold amount of 40% ethanol, and extracting for 3 times. Conclusion: The optimized extraction process is simple, quick and stable, and can be used to extract the total polysaccharide and saponins from American gingeng.

In this study, 1 065 infants and young children aged 24 months below in ethnic minorities gathering in poor rural areas in poor rural areas of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province were investigated for their anemia status from October to November 2014, and the association between anemia and the utilization of maternal and child health services was analyzed. The prevalence of anemia in this area was 52.68%(561/1 065). After the adjustment of socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and infants, compared with infants aged 2-5 months, Han ethnic group, and infants whose mother was not anemic, the OR(95%CI) values of infant anemia for infants aged 6-12 months, 13-8 months, 19-24 months, ethnic minorities group, and infants whose mother was anemic were 11.65 (7.09-19.14), 9.91 (5.99-16.38), 5.87 (3.39-10.16), 1.55 (1.10-2.18) and 1.52 (1.14-2.04), respectively; Compared with infants whose child examination times not up to standard, and who were not only non-hospital delivered but also received inadequate number of inoculation, the OR (95%CI) values of infant anemia for infants whose child examination times up to standard, and who were not only hospital delivered but also received adequate number of inoculation were 0.60 (0.38-0.94) and 0.71 (0.52-0.98), respectively. The infants anemia is associated with the utilization of maternal and child health services.

ence of precancerous pathological changes.

Objective To find out whether the effects of childhood physical abuse on internet addiction disorder in adolescence could be mediated by self-esteem.Methods 3798 high school students selected from 76 classes in Grade One and Grade Two,were asked to fill in the anonymous questionnaire,which including the demographic characteristics of students,Young' s Internet Addiction Scale,Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and Rosenberg' s Self-Esteem Scale.Results Childhood physical abuse could directly predict less self-esteem and internet addiction disorder (r=-0.108,P＜0.01,r=0.057,P＜0.01 ) and had significant indirect effects on intemet addiction disorder which could be mediated through self-esteem (a=-0.703,standardized b=-0.104,z=5.052,P＜0.001 ).Self-esteem had mediated 22.5％ of the childhood physical abuse cases on their internet addiction disorders during the period of adolescence.Conclusion Self-esteem could partially mediate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and internet addiction disorder.The mediating roles of self-esteem suggested that salient leverage points could make a change through empowerment training,self-esteem group training on self-esteem enhancement in the stage of adolescence.