Objective To observe the influence of sodium citrate concentrations in TISAB on detection of water fluoride,and to explore the feasibility of 0.10 mol/L sodium citrate buffer system in detection of water fluoride.Methods Under pH 5.0 to 5.5,a series of fluoride standards of 0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 5.0 mg/L were measured when sodium citrate concentration was 0.01,0.10,and 1.00 mol/L in the TISAB system.The results of water fluoride measurement were compared,recovery calculated and regression equation of the standard curve was set up.The feasibility of 0.10 mol/L sodium citrate in the TISAB system to detect water fluoride was tested,including interference test,accuracy,confidence limits,as well as precision test.Water fluoride was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode according to the Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Results When the sodium citrate concentrations in the TISAB system were 0.01,0.10 and 1.00 mol/L,and the concentrations of fluoride in the sample were 0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 5.0 mg/L,recoveries of water fluoride were 96.0％,103.0％,179.5％; 80.6％,97.8％,132.2％; 73.3％,97.0％,103.0％; 70.0％,100.0％,87.5％; and 66.4％,102.0％,65.4％.The equation of linear regression was y =lg-1(226.4-E/47.4),y =lg-1(226.4-E/53.4) and y =lg-1(208.1-E/36.9) ; the correlation coefficient(r) were 0.9993,0.9999 and 0.9993.The minimum detectable concentration and limit of quantitation was 0.023 and 0.072 mg/L when sodium citrate was 0.10 mol/L in the TISAB system.Aluminum(Al3+,100 μg),ferrum(Fe3+,800 μg),calcium(Ca2+,1200 μg),Al3+(50 μg) + Fe3+ (800 μg),Al3+(50 μg) + Ca2+(1200 μg) can be masked when sodium citrate was 0.10 mol/L in the TISAB system.The total average recoveries confidence limit R/d was 0.99.The total standard deviation of standard solution,water sample and spiked water sample was less than 5％ of their respective mean concentration.Conclusions High concentration of sodium citrate buffer system has a significant influence on the detection sensitivity and limit of quantification of fluoride ion in water.The capacity of anti-interference of 0.10 mol/L sodium citrate in the TISAB is strong.The confidence limits of precision and accuracy meet the requirements for fluoride determination in a variety of source water and drinking water.

Objective To investigate the regional left ventricular function after mitral valve replacement with and without chordal preservation by strain rate imaging. Methods A total of 55 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement were enrolled. Twenty underwent complete excision of the subvalvular apparatus (group A), 20 preserved the posterior chordopapillary apparatus only (group B) and the other 15 underwent total chordal preservation (group C). Systolic peak strain rate (SRs) were measured preoperatively, at 7-10 days and 3 months after operation. Results Before operation, SRs had no differences between different segments of the left ventricular in each group (F=0.37, 0.74, 0.90, all P>0.05). At 7-10 days after operation, SRs in the most segments of left ventricular were signiifcantly lower than those of before operation (F=3.91, 8.12, 7.57, all P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, SRs in some segments of left ventricular were signiifcantly higher than those of preoperation in each group (t=2.12, 3.19, 3.25, 2.08, 2.78, 4.79, 2.81, 2.58, 2.87, 1.60, 0.34, 1.04, 0.73, 0.70, 1.68, all P<0.05). SRs had no signiifcant differences between each segment of left ventricular in group C (F=1.76, P>0.05). By contrast, SRs in some segments of left ventricular were different from those of other segments in group A and group B (F=17.8, 8.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion Comparing to conventional mitral valve replacement and mitral valve replacement with preservation of posterior subvalvular apparatus, mitral valve replacement with preservation of total subvalvular apparatus makes the papiltary function preserved completely, which are beneifcial for the motor coordination of left ventricular wall and the recovery of regional left ventricular function.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the activity and genotype of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and the concentration of thioguanine nucleotides (TGNs) as parameters for individualizing mercaptopurine (6-MP) therapy.

METHODSErythrocyte TPMT activity was measured by means of radiochemical assay. Sequence specific primer (SSP) PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to determine the mutations in TPMT genomic DNAs. Erythrocyte TGNs concentration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients after 6-MP treatment was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSThe erythrocyte TPMT activity in Han population was 16.6 +/- 4.5U/ml pRBCs (man 16.8 +/- 5.0 U/ml pRBCs, woman 16.5 +/- 4.4 U/ml pRBCs), the activity in 8.1% of the samples was lower than 10 U/ml pRBCs. There was no difference for TPMT activity by gender, age, and between healthy donors and ALL patients. For TPMT genotypes, there were 5 cases of TPMT * 2, 4 TPMT * 3A, 6 TPMT * 3B, 10 TPMT * 3C and 5 unknown in 30 subjects who had low TPMT activity. In children with ALL, the TGNs level did show a negative correlation with TPMT activity at diagnosis and 7 approximately 14 days after 6-MP therapy and with WBC count 14 days after the determination of TGNs.

CONCLUSIONDetection of TPMT activity before 6-MP therapy and TGNs level during 6-MP therapy may be helpful for preventing side effects from antipurine metabolic drug overdose, and individualizing 6-MP chemotherapy in children with ALL.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mercaptopurine ; therapeutic use ; Methyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Purine Nucleotides ; metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate if CYP3A5 gene is involved in the molecular mechanisms for multiple drug resistance in leukemia cells.

METHODSA full length cDNA of CYP3A5 gene was cloned, and a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed, then stably transfected cell lines were established. Furthermore, the sensitivity of those cell lines to several anticancer drugs were assessed by MTT and FCM assay.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid was designated as pcDNA3-CYP3A5. Transfecting HL-60 cells (which didn't show transcript of CYP3A5 gene) with recombinant plasmid pcDNA3-CYP3A5 generated HL-60/CYP3A5 cell line, and transfecting of HL-60 cells with the parental pcDNA3 vector served as control HL-60/pc cell line. Daunorubicin induced remarkable apoptosis peaks in HL-60 and HL-60/pc cells, while such effect did not occur in HL-60/CYP3A5 cells (apoptosis cell percentage were 7.3%, 6.3% and 1.2%, respectively). Compared with HL-60 and HL-60/pc cells, HL-60/CYP3A5 cells were statistically significantly resistant to daunorubicin, aclacinomycin A, vincristine and harringtonine (resistance multiples were 2.89, 2.01, 4.05 and 2.79 times, respectively, P < 0.05), however the sensitivity to teniposide didn't change (resistance multiple was 1.04 times).

CONCLUSIONTranscription of CYP3A5 gene in leukemia cells directly induces resistance to anthracyclines and alkaloids, however the cells are still sensitive to epipodophyllotoxins. Therefore, our findings confirmed a new mechanism of multidrug resistance.

Aclarubicin ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; Daunorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEQuercetin, a widely distributed natural flavonoid with a variety of biological functions, can reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia according to recent researches. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of reversal of multi-drug resistance by quercetin mainly in respect of membrane transporters.

METHODSMTT cell viability assay was used to verify the chemo-sensitization to daunorubicin (DNR) by quercetin in HL-60/ADM cell line and determine the effective reversal concentration, the expression of MRP(1) gene and its protein product, multidrug resistant associated protein 1 by RT-PCR and flow cytometry By confocal laser scanning microscopy, the subcellular distribution of DNR in HL-60/S and HL-60/ADM cells was examined before and after quercetin exposure.

RESULTSCompared with HL-60/S, 20-40 micromol/L quercetin in vitro remarkably enhanced the sensitivity of HL-60/ADM cells to daunorubicin, down-regulated the expression of MRP(1) gene and its protein product MRP(1), restored the abnormal subcellular distribution of daunorubicin, so as to reverse MDR. Moreover, such an effective concentration of quercetin was non-toxic to the cells.

CONCLUSIONQuercetin could be a candidate of effective multidrug resistance-reversing agent with low toxicity in leukemia chemotherapy.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; drug effects ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; drug effects ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Daunorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Quercetin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relevant applied technique and clinical value of endoscope-assisted repair of zygomatic arch fracture via a short hidden preauricular incision.

METHODSThere were 7 cases of unilateral zygomatic arch fracture and 10 cases of unilateral zygomatic fracture. Reduction and fixation of zygomatic arch in all cases were performed via a short preauricular incision assisted by endoscope.

RESULTSSymmetric malar was achieved in all cases after operation. There was no difficulty in opening mouth, no chewing problems or severe complications.

CONCLUSIONSEndoscope-assisted repair of zygomatic arch fracture via a short hidden preauricular incision can be an alternative operation for zygomatic arch fracture.

Adult ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Zygoma ; injuries ; surgery ; Zygomatic Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe and analyse the dissection of the tunnels in traditional blind operation of augmentation rhinoplasty.

METHODS11 Cases of augmentation rhinoplasty were collected and be observed by an endoscope as soon as the tunnels were formed during the operations.

RESULTS(1) Some of the tunnels did not go through one layer. (2) The bilateral cartilage separated in the mid-line. (3) There were two blood vessels in the surface of alar cartilage. There were perforating blood vessels in the edge of pyriform aperture. (4) In some cases whose incision were in unilateral alar margin, the tunnel were asymmetric.

CONCLUSIONIn some cases of traditional blind operation of augmentation rhinoplasty, tunnels were not suitable, they were asymmetric; and there were desmo and septa in the tunnels. Those might be the causes of complications post-op of augmentation rhinoplasty.

Endoscopes ; Humans ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Rhinoplasty ; methods

OBJECTIVESTo study the inhibitory effects of mouse telomerase RNA (mTR) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN) on telomerase activity in rat spermatogonia.

METHODS9-mer phosphorothioate mTR-ASODN was encapsulated by Lipofect AMINE 2000 (LF 2000) and transfected to type A spermatogonia in Snrague Dawley (SD) rat. Telomerase activity was detected by aid of TRAP-SYBR-Green staining and Bioluminescence technique in type A spermatogonia treated or untreated with ASODN.

RESULTSmTR-ASODN conjugated with LF 2000 could significantly inhibit telomerase activity of spermatogonia(P < 0.01). mTR mRNA level also decreased while the spermatogonia were treated with ASODN for 24 h. No change of telomerase activity and apoptosis were observed when SODN, RODN or single LF 2000 was used.

CONCLUSIONSAntisense oligodeoxynucleotide of mTR conjugated with LF 2000 could significantly inhibit telomerase activity of spermatogonia. mTR-ASODN might inhibit telomerase activity of spermatogonia at transcription level.

Animals ; Male ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; RNA ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spermatogonia ; cytology ; enzymology ; ultrastructure ; Telomerase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism

Humans ; Male ; RNA ; analysis ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Testicular Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of damage control surgery (DCS) in the treatments of severe pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

METHODSClinical data of 19 patients with severe pancreaticoduodenal injuries managed with DCS approach in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from March 2005 to January 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThree cases were cured after damage control operation and postoperative ICU resuscitation treatment. Twelve cases underwent definite operations (distal pancreaticojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis, proximal duodenojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis or pancreaticoduodenectomy) after damage control operation and postoperative ICU resuscitation treatment and cured. Four cases died after damage control operation due to multiple organ failure and the mortality was 21.1%.

CONCLUSIONApplication of DCS approach can improve the prognosis of patients with severe pancreaticoduodenal injuries.

Adult ; Duodenum ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas ; injuries ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult