Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver failure is an end-stage liver disease with a high mortality.Biomarkers,which are of interest,are helpful for diagnosis and treatment of liver failure.The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances in this field.Although many new biomarkers can improve the prognostic efficacy,the dynamic biochemical function of liver and kidney as well as the function of coagulation are still the most practical and common indexes for the development and prognosis evaluation of liver failure.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method to determinate the plasma concentration of paclitaxel in tumor patients.METHODS:Paclitaxel was extracted from plasma with organic phase(ethyl-acetate)by two-step extraction on Tianhe Kromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-water(40∶25∶40)at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 227 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃.RESULTS:The linear range of paclitaxel was 0.05～5.00 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7)with average recovery rate at 98.75%～100.44%.Both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 5%(n=5).The plasma concentration-time profile in 11 patients after iv infusion of paclitaxel was in line with a two-compartment model.CONCLUSION:This established method is simple,accurate,reproducible and applicable for clinical determination of blood drug concentration and pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective　Standard method of testing serum fluoride was tested and verified by certified reference material CRM of free fluo ride component in cattle serum (GBW 09143～09144).The method was suited for fluor ide research to assess its practical value.Methods　ISE-standard curve,linear relationship,linear range,sensitive and precision were disired result by CRM.400 serum of fluoride in rats were measured.Results　The linear ranges of the method were 0.02～5.0 mg/L,r=0.9999,b=57.8,and test lower limit was 0.013 mg/L.The test value was equal to standard value.Conclusions　The standard method is accurate,sensitive,convenient and small sample is used;and it is easy to spread.Thus,it has been of practical value.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride concentration in human plasma.METHODS:Tianhe Kromasil C18 was used as column,A solution of methenol-0.01 mol?L-1ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-acetic acid(30200.1) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection of wavelength was set at 233 nm.The sample size was 20?L and the column temperature was 35℃.The internal standard was daunorubicin.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.25～20.16 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6);the average methodological recovery was 96.45%(RSD=2.16%).CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,accurate,reproducible and easy to use in clinical detection of blood concentration.

Objective To explore the causing factors of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (RCIN) after coronary angiography and the rule of hydratation.Methods 279 cases of coronary angiography were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical features,basic renal function and volume of intra-venous fluid received on operation day between the patients with and without RCIN were compared.Results The total mortality rates of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy were 6.81%(19/279);in patients with hypertension,the RCIN rates were 8.65%(16/185);in patients with diabetic,the RCIN rates were 12.1%(12/99);in patients with preexisting renal dysfunction,the RCIN rate was 0%(0/16);the multifactor Logistic analysis showed that the factors causing RCIN were age,diabetic,the volume of intra-venous fluid,however,the factors such as gender,smoking,hypertension,coronary heart disease,chronic renal failure were irrelative with RCIN.Conclusion The incidence of RCIN in people over 60 years old is much higher.Such condition may be partly cansed by the decreasing renal reserve capacity.Sufficient hydration is an effective way to decrease RCIN.

Objective To evaluate the role of 5-HT5A receptors (5-HT5A R) in activation of astroglia in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by vincristine. Methods Forty adult male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each): control group (group C);neuropathic pain group (group P);Ad-X-HK group (group B) and Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA group (group S). Neuropathic pain was induced by repeated intraperitoneal (IP) injection of vincristine 0.1 mg/kg according to the method described by Weng et al in group P, B and S. On the 2nd day after the last IP injection, the animals received artificial cerebrospinal fluid, Ad-X-HK and Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA 25 μl administered intrathecally (IT) in group P, B and S respectively. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulus was measured before and on the 7th day after IT administration. The animals were then sacrificed. The lumbar segment ( L4.5 ) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of 5-HT5A R and GFAP expression. Results Body weight and paw withdrawal threshold were significantly decreased after repeated IP vincristine administration in group P compared with group C. IT Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA reduced pain threshold further in group S compared with group P. Repeated IP vincristine significantly increased the expression of 5-HT5A R and GFAP in spinal dorsal horn, and IT Ad-5-HT5A-siRNA significantly decreased the expression of 5-HT5A R while increased the expression of GFAP in spinal dorsal horn in group S compared with group P. Conclusion 5-HT5AR is involved in the inhibition of astrocyte activation, resulting in reduction of vincristineinduced neuropathic pain.

Objective To evaluate the necessity of concomitant bladder cuff and the possibility of distal ureter sparing surgery during radical nephroureterectomy of low-level upper urinary tract tumors. Methods Clinical data of 73 patients with low-level (Tis-T3 M0 N0 ) tumors of the proximal upper urinary transitional epithelial cancer treated in radical nephroureterectomy in our hospital from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The medical charts and pathologic specimens of 35 patients with, and 38 patients without, concomitant bladder cuff were reviewed. Results In the 35 patients with concomitant bladder cuff resection, 8 cases (22.9%) recurrence was observed; in the 38 patients without concomitant bladder cuff resection, 8 cases (21.1%) recurrence was observed. There was no difference between both groups(P>0.05). In the 19 patients suffered renal pelvis tumors with concomitant bladder cuff resection, 4 cases (21.1%) recurrence was observed; In the 16 patients suffered ureter tumors with concomitant bladder cuff resection, 4 cases (25 %) recurrence was observed.There is no difference between patients of renal pelvis tumors and of ureter tumors with concomitant bladder cuff(P>0.05). In the 27 patients suffered renal pelvis tumors without concomitant bladder cuff resection, 3 cases (11.1 %) recurrence was observed; in the 11 patients suffered ureter tumors with concomitant bladder cuff, 5 cases (45.5%) recurrence was observed. There was significant different between patients of renal pelvis tumors and of ureter tumors without concomitant bladder cuff (P<0. 05). Conclusion Concomitant bladder cuff resection confers a favorable prognosis to the patients with ureter tumors, but not to the patients with renal pelvis tumors.

Objective To induce adult adult adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) in vitro to differentiate into neuronal-like cells,and to analyze the features of their cell morphology and ultrastructure. Methods Adipose stromal cells were obtained and amplified in vitro. Then make use of chemical induction to induce them. Observed ADSC and differentiation of cells in morphology and ultrastructure under inverted microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry to detection of Nestin, Neuron Specific Endolase( NSE) ,and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression in cells. Used Real-time PCR to detection of Nestin,GFAP gene mRNA expression before and after induction in ADSC. To observe the morphology and ultrastructure of the cells prior to and after induction under microscope and electron microscope. Results The morphology of ADSC was similar to fibroblasts ,and could be amplified stability within 10 passages in vitro. Some of the cells induced display a typical astrocyte-like cells in ultrastructure. Followed neuronal induction,astrocyte-like cells began to stain brightly for CFAP, Nestin. GFAP stained in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocyte-like cells, but Nestin only stained in the cytoplasm. The peak positive expression rate within 14d following neuronal induction. The rate of positive expression cells was( 14.4 ± 3. 6) % for Nestin, (87. 3 ± 5. 3 ) % for GFAP. Then two kinds of protein expression remained the similar rate. The average relative concentration of GFAP and Nestin gene mRNA have significant statistical difference between ADSC and differented cells analyzed by Real-time PCR (P<0.05).The peak concentration of GFAP was within 20 d after induction,and GFAP was within 14 d after induction. Conclusion In the cytoplasm of adult adipose-derived cells possess Nestin genetic material,which is the marker of neural stem cell. The differential astrocyte-like cells have the typical morphology, ultrastructure and GFAP phenotype of mature astrocytes.

Objective To evaluate the diastolic function and relationship between diastolic function and early diastolic synchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) volume-time curves (VTC) after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods Thirty-nine patients with DCM were enrolled by RT-3DE VTC before and 1 week,6 months,12 months after CRT,draw the left ventricular (LV) 16,12,6 segments LV diastolic early volume standard deviation of the time (Tedv-SD),and with the R-R interval normalized as early diastolic unsynchronized index (DDI) ;draw end-systolic volume (LVESV),LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ;and calculate the diastolic peak filling rate(PFR),the ratio of early diastolic volume and enddiastolic volume(EDVearly/EDV).Results LVEDV,LVESV had no significant improvement.Compared with the before and 1 week after CRT,but the improvement was statistically significant after 6 months and 12 months (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01); LVEF after 1 week,6 months and 12 months were statistically significant (P ＜0.05) ;Compared with before,PFR after 6 months was significantly increased (P ＜0.05),EDVearly/EDV at 12 months after CRT was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01); There was a significantly shortened in each segment (Tedv-SD)/R-R 1 week after CRT (P ＜0.01),but the parameters had no obvious improvement later.Correlation analysis:△ DDI and △ EDVearly/EDV reduction was significant positive correlation (r =0.52,P ＜0.01),△DDI and PFR has negative correlation (r =-0.40,P ＜ 0.05),△ EDVearly/EDV and △PFR also had a good relationship (r =-0.56,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The LV synchrony and diastolic function were improved after CRT in patients with DCM; PFR,EDVearly/EDV can be used as evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function effectively targets.

Objective To Identify B-cell epitopes on monkey B virus envelope protein gD.Methods Base on bioinformatics software, secondary structure, hydrophilicity, surface accessibility, antigenic index and flexibility of monkey B virus envelope protein gD was analysed and some potential peptide epitopes were forecasted.Then, the interactions between synthetic peptides and BV positive sera were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) .At last, The sensitivity and specificity of synthetic peptides was evaluated used 20 samples of Standard sera by ELISA.Result Seven epitopes were forecasted by Bioinformatics analysis. Four synthetic peptides, sequence as 46 LPPLEQKTD54 , 106 RGAPEATRSDA116 , 291 PELAPEERGTSRTPGD306 and 361 AVYLVRRRGR370 could be reacted with positive sera pool.The sensitivity of 4 synthetic peptides changed form 40% to 70% and the specificity were 100% for 4 synthetic peptides. Conclusion There are at least four linear epitope on B virus gD protein.