Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes that result in adult irreversible blindness in many countries.Recent researches suggest that neurodegeneration is an important component of DR.To realize the disease process of retinal neutron is very important for prevention and treatment on DR.Objective This study was to investigate the change of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety-six eyes of 48 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The patients were assigned into non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group,background diabetic retinopathy(BDR) group,proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) group based on the fundus finding and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),and 24 normal subjects with matched age were included as control group.RNFL thickness was measured by GDxVCC system,including temporal,superior,nasal,inferior,total,(TSNIT) average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation and nerve fiber indication.The datas of the RNFL thickness were analyzed and comparison among different groups by one-way analysis of variance and Student Newman Keuls test.Results The TSNIT averages of the NDR group,BDR group,PDR group and PRP group were(56.54±5.28),(56.92±6.49),(53.04±6.14) and(53.17±9.30) μm,respectively,while that of the control group was (59.04±4.37) μm.The TSNIT average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation of the PDR group and PRP group compared with control group were significantly decreased,and the nerve fiber indication of the PDR group and PRP group was significantly increased (P =0.002,0.000,0.002,0.000,0.001 ;P =0.002,0.000,0.001,0.000,0.000).Compared with the control group,the TSNIT average,superior average,inferior average,TSNIT standard deviation were insignificantly decreased,and the nerve fiber indication was insignificantly increased in the NDR group and BDR group (P =0.187,0.235,0.333,0.106,0.202 ;P=0.262,0.063,0.072,0.098,0.062).Conclusions The decline of the RNFL thickness appears prior to DR findings.The RNFL thinning of PDR and PRP patients suggests the degeneration of neurons and atrophy of axonal.The neurodegeneration is an important component of DR.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effects of different surgical treatments on cervical spondylotic my-elopathy and the occurrence of postoperative complications .Methods 65 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy admitted in our department between January 2010 and January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed ;and among them ,31 underwent anterior cer-vical discectomy and fusion(ACDF) and 34 underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF);the general surgical condi-tions ,JOA scores and functional grades of Nurick ,incidences of dysphagia and so on in the patients of the two groups were investi-gated .Results The operative time and intra-operative blood loss of the patients of the ACDF group were better than those of the ACCF group[(88 .70 ± 9 .03)min ,(125 .46 ± 12 .62)min ,(94 .26 ± 10 .34)mL ,(133 .98 ± 12 .09)mL] ,and the differences were sta-tistically significant(P<0 .05) .The postoperative lengths of stay of the two groups were similar ,and the differences in preoperative and postoperative JOA scores and functional grade of Nurick of the two groups were statistically insignificant (P>0 .05);but the differences between the preoperative and postoperative JOA scores and functional grade of Nurick in 6 months after the surgeries and those before the surgeries of the same groups were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .At the same observation time points ,the incidences of dysphagia and the thicknesses of soft tissue before the cervical vertebra in the operated segment of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group ,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05);in the patients of either group ,no loosening ,translocation or non-fusion of the bone graft was observed .Conclusion The two surgeries in treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy van both obtain satisfying clinical therapeutic effects ,but ACDF has a lower incidence of postop-erative complications ,and doctors should choose a suitable surgery based on the actual conditions .

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; genetics ; metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thiazolidinediones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

Hepatic Stellate Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODSSprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 in each group: in S group rats received sham operation; in IR group rats were given with NS (1.0 ml/kg iv) 24 h before ischemia; in H group rats were treated with NaHS (0.05 mg/kg iv) 24 h before ischemia; and in D group, NaHS-treated rats received 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) 15 min before ischemia. Rats in IR group,H group and D group were subjected to ischemia by occlusion of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion,myocardial infarct size was measured. SAM-s was measured by Western blotting. Plasma SOD activity and MDA were determined at the end of reperfusion.

RESULTSThe infarct size was significantly lesser in H group (25.40 % ± 3.54%) than that in IR group (38.27% ±5.64%,P<0.05). The SAM-s protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in H group than that in IR group. The plasma MDA content was significantly lower and SOD activity was higher in H group than those in IR group,but there was no difference between IR group and D group.

CONCLUSIONThe hydrogen sulfide preconditioning attenuates myocardial IR injury possibly through down-regulating SAM-s expression,reducing the production of oxygen free radicals and enhancing anti-oxidize effect in rats.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; pharmacology ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDTuberculosis (TB) is a chronic wasting inflammatory disease characterized by multisystem involvement, which can cause metabolic derangements in afflicted patients. Metabolic signatures have been exploited in the study of several diseases. However, the serum that is successfully used in TB diagnosis on the basis of metabolic profiling is not by much.

METHODSOrthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was capable of distinguishing TB patients from both healthy subjects and patients with conditions other than TB. Therefore, TB-specific metabolic profiling was established. Clusters of potential biomarkers for differentiating TB active from non-TB diseases were identified using Mann-Whitney U-test. Multiple logistic regression analysis of metabolites was calculated to determine the suitable biomarker group that allows the efficient differentiation of patients with TB active from the control subjects.

RESULTSFrom among 271 participants, 12 metabolites were found to contribute to the distinction between the TB active group and the control groups. These metabolites were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of the following three biomolecules: Fatty acids, amino acids, and lipids. The receiver operating characteristic curves of 3D, 7D, and 11D-phytanic acid, behenic acid, and threoninyl-γ-glutamate exhibited excellent efficiency with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.904 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0863-0.944), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.893-0.966), and 0.964 (95% CI: 00.941-0.988), respectively. The largest and smallest resulting AUCs were 0.964 and 0.720, indicating that these biomarkers may be involved in the disease mechanisms. The combination of lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0), behenic acid, threoninyl-γ-glutamate, and presqualene diphosphate was used to represent the most suitable biomarker group for the differentiation of patients with TB active from the control subjects, with an AUC value of 0.991.

CONCLUSIONThe metabolic analysis results identified new serum biomarkers that can distinguish TB from non-TB diseases. The metabolomics-based analysis provides specific insights into the biology of TB and may offer new avenues for TB diagnosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis ; blood

OBJECTIVETo establish a simple and practical method for screening of Env-specific monoclonal antibodies from HIV-1 infected individuals.

METHODSHuman B cells were purified by negative sorting from PBMCs and memory B cells were further enriched using anti-CD27 microbeads. Gp120 antigen labbled with biotin was incubated with memory B cells to specifically bind IgG on cells membrane. The memory B cells expressing the Env-specific antibody were harvested by magnetic beads separating, counted and diluted to the level of single cell in each PCR well that loading with catch buffer containing RNase inhibitor to get RNAs. The antibody genes were amplified by single cell RT-PCR and nested PCR, cloned into eukaryotic expression vectors and transfected into 293T cells. The binding activity of recombinant antibodies to Env were tested by ELISA.

RESULTSThree monocolonal Env-specific antibodies were isolated from one HIV-1 infected individual.

CONCLUSIONWe can obtain Env-specific antibody by biotin labbled antigen, magnetic beads separating technique coupled with single cell RT-PCR and expression cloning.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; isolation & purification ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; HIV Antibodies ; isolation & purification ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment of comminuted superior tibial fracture in complex injury according to damage control orthopaedic.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2007 to Jun. 2009,11 patients suffered from comminuted superior tibial fracture with complex injury, including 8 males and 3 females with an average age of 35.2 years. The external fixator were used to fix tibial fracture in emergency treatment, after 6 weeks when the condition of patients were improved, fix the external tibia by LISS plate through litter incision, fix interior tibia by reconstructed plate or sustained plate. The effect evaluated by Lysholm standard, marking system on the basis of limp, walking stick, angina, knee unsteady, pain, swell, up and down floor, squat.

RESULTSAll the postoperative CR showed that the superior tibial fractures were acquired functional reduction, the incision got well and no infection occurred. All 11 patients were followed-up for 12 to 18 months with an average of 14.7 months. According to an evaluation standard of Lysholm, the results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 1 case, poor in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONAccording to damage control orthopaedic, the treatment of comminuted superior tibial fracture by external fixation and LISS plate is a suitable method for the patient with complex injury who undergo comminuted superior tibial fracture.

Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Comminuted ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide-induced delayed preconditioning on glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

METHODSSprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 10 in each): Group S (sham operation group), Group IR (ischemia/reperfusion group), Group H (IR+ NaHS 0.05 mg/kg iv, 24 h before ischemia) and Groups D receiving IR+NaHS 24 h before ischemia and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)15 min before ischemia. Animals in groups IR, H and D were subjected to ischemia by 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. At the end of the reperfusion, myocardial infarct size (IS) was examined. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was measured by Western blotting. The myocardial ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscopy.

RESULTSThe IS was significantly smaller in Group H than that in Group IR [(25.40 ± 3.54)% compared with (38.27 ± 5.64)%, P<0.05]. The GST expression in myocardium was significantly higher in Group H than that in Group IR. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Group H than in Group IR. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by hydrogen sulfide was prevented by 5-HD pre-treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe hydrogen sulfide-induced delayed preconditioning attenuates myocardial IR injury possibly through up-regulating glutathione S-transferase expression in rats.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; enzymology ; pathology ; therapy ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Leptin ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time Factors