Cytokinesis ; Micronucleus Tests

This paper gives a report on a new species of paragonimus in MT.Wuyishan,Fujian province during 1978 to 1983.All the type are deposited in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian province.Holotype body short-oval,12.5 by 7.0mm,ratio of width to length 1:1.79.Ovary 2.0×2.13mm in size,the third class branches.Testes big,2.5 by 3.75mm(left) and 2.0 by 4.75mm(right)in size,as piece-shapy,only 2 litter branches,being much larger than the ovary.cuticular spines slender,sing in arrangement.Matacercaria obtained from the fresh-water crab,Sinopotamon fujianensis Dai et Chen,1979,measuring 395 by 410 micra,its cyst wall sing ,only 3-5 micra.Basing on the characteristic features mentioned above,This worm found by us differs fromP.westermani,P.skrijabini,P.macrorchis,P.mingqingensis and Euparagonimus cenopiosus,and can be considered as a new species of Paragonimus.

Objective To compare urodynamic studies (UDS) and perineal sonography for assessing mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in women. Methods A total of 118 adult females with MUI and 30 controls were enrolled from September, 2010 to December, 2017. Their baseline clinical characteristics were recorded. The MUI patients were divided into stress-predomi-nant (S-MUI, n=51), urge-predominant (U-MUI, n=34) and equal predominance (E-MUI, n=33) according to King's Health Questionnaire. Both UDS and perineal sonography were performed in all the subjects. Tolerability of the two methods was compared. Results For sonography parameters, compared with the controls, S-MUI patients had greater dynamic posterior urethral angle, dynamic angle of urethral inclination, dynamic pubo-urethral distance and descent of bladder neck (P<0.001), U-MUI patients had greater detrusor thickness (P<0.05), and E-MUI patients had greater descent of blad- der neck (P<0.05). For UDS parameters, compared with the controls, S-MUI patients had lower Pure.clos.max and functional urethral length; U-MUI patients had lower Qmax, smaller bladder volume, higher Pdet.open, high-er Pdet.Qmax and higher incidence of detrusor overactivity; and E-MUI patients had higher Pdet.Qmax and low-er Pure.clos.max (P<0.05). All UDS and sonography parameters differed significantly between S-MUI and U-MUI patients. The descent of the bladder neck, dynamic angle of urethral inclination, and dynamic puboure-thral distance were negatively correlated with detrusor pressure at maximal flow and functional urethral length, while detrusor wall thickness was positively correlated with detrusor pressure at maximal flow and functional urethral length. Perineal ultrasound was better tolerated than UDS in 82.3% patients. Conclusion Perineal sonography parameters show good correlation with UDS parameters. Ultrasonography is better tol-erated than UDS and provides additional morphologic data. Perineal sonography could facilitate to diagnose U-MUI.

Objective To analyze the treatment strategies and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes from an unknown primary site (SCCUP).Methods A total of 125 cases with SCCUP was retrospectively analyzed from January 2001 to December 2011.Ninety-seven of the cases were treated with neck dissection (ND),including 24 with classic radical ND,62 with modified ND and 11 with extended radical ND.Of 125 cases with SCCUP,72 cases were supplemented with radiotherapy and 52 cases with chemotherapy.Radiotherapy was applied with extensive field in 36 cases,bilateral neck in 15 cases,and ipsilateral neck in 21 cases.The patients were followed up and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival curves.Cox's analysis and logistic regression were used to evaluate the prognosis factors for SCCUP.Results The 5-year overall survival rate and disease free survival rate of the cohort were 66.2％ and 60.0％,respectively.The median survival time was 70 months.Cox's analysis showed N-stage,extracapsular spread,bilateral neck metastasis and ND were independent prognostic factors for SCCUP.Logistic regression suggested that N-stage was the main factor for nodal recurrence or uncontrolled.The primary tumor sites emerged in 27 patients (21.6％)within 3-96 months after treatment (median time was 15 months),but only 4 patients (11.1％) existed in 36 cases underwent radiotherapy with extensive field.Conclusions N-stage and extracapsular spread are two major factors influencing the prognosis of SCCUP.ND may improve the locoregional control and long-term survival.

Clinical pathway is an important quality management tool for regulating medical behavior both at home and abroad, and an important means of controlling medical costs in the reform of medical insurance payment methods.The author reviewed the current development status of clinical pathways both at home and abroad, focusing on summarizing the development experience of foreign countries, and analyzing the shortcomings in the development of clinical pathways in China from the perspectives of formulation, implementation, and evaluation. It is proposed that China should establish and improve the regulatory and incentive mechanisms for clinical pathways, accelerate the construction of supporting medical security systems, explore new incentive transmission models, attach importance to the role of patient participation in the formulation and implementation of clinical pathways, and so on, in order to provide reference for promoting the efficient development of clinical pathways in China.

OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective method to formulate management-related strategies for off-lable use of drugs by the evidence-based medicine. METHODS:The process of guideline formulation included seven procedures,i.g. establishment ofguideliesformulation workgroup;investigation and selection of the status quo on off-label drug use;identification of the clinical problems;retrieval and evaluation and comprehensing of evidence;applification of GRADE in evidence quality grading;formation of the recommendations consensus;peer review and result publication. And eventually guidelines were formed based on the steps. This study took off-label use of rheumatoid immunoprotective subjects as a case to explore. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Based on the evidence evaluation system and above 7 steps,the methods and process of guideline formulation on off-label use of rheuma-toid immunoprotective subjects that integrated administration,law,clinical medicine,pharmacy subjects were made .The process of guideline formulation fully reflects multidisciplinary characteristics of the workgroup,the advanced nature of the process,the comprehensiveness of evidence ,the rigor of evidence quality grading,and the normalization of consensus. It provides reference in methodology for establishing a comprehensive evidence-based evaluation and management system of off-label use of drugs for all clinical specialist disease. Therefore,this scientific research results may promote the standardization and legalization of the off-label use of drugs management in China.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cyto-genotoxicity of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes with different assays in vitro.

METHODSHuman lymphocytes were exposed to particle matter of cigarette smoke combined with or without S9 mixtures at doses of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 microg/ml for 3 h. The cytotoxicity induced by CSCs was detected by CCK-8 assay. The DNA damage, DNA repair (repair time: 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min, respectively) and the somatic cell mutations induced by 75 microg/ml CSCs were measured by comet assay, hprt gene and TCR gene mutation tests, respectively.

RESULTSCCK-8 assay indicated that the cell viability decreased with CSCs doses. At the doses of 100, 125 microg/ml, the cell viability of CSCs +S9 group was significantly higher than that of CSCs -S9 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In comet assay, DNA damage significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, as compared with controls (P < 0.01). Moreover, there was significant difference between -S9 group and +S9 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The Mf-TCR at each dose group was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The Mf-hprt at high-dose groups were significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.01), and significant difference of Mf-TCR and Mf-hprt at high doses of CSCs between -S9 group and +S9 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The DNA damage induced by CSCs +S9 or CSCs -S9 could be repaired, but DNA repair speed was different between -S9 group and +S9 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCSCs may induce cyto-genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, but S9 mix could reduce the toxicity of CSCs and impact DNA repair speed.

Cells, Cultured ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; DNA Repair ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Mutation ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the regulatory role of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs) located on the retinoic acid-induced gene G (RIG-G) promoter in RIG-G expression.

METHODSBy using point mutation technique, the authors constructed the wide type and site mutant reporter gene plasmids according to the ISRE sequence on RIG-G promoter, and detected the functional activities by luciferase reporter assay.

RESULTSMutation in ISRE II alone had no obvious effect on the expression of the reporter gene, whereas mutation in ISRE I dramatically inhibited the transactivity of RIG-G promoter. Mutation in both ISRE I and ISRE II resulted in complete loss of its response to the transcription factors for the reporter gene.

CONCLUSIONBoth ISRE I and ISRE II on the RIG-G promoter are the binding sites for the complex of transcription factors. They are required for RIG-G expression, and ISRE I has a preferential role over ISRE II.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interferons ; genetics ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Response Elements ; genetics ; STAT2 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular mechanisms by which IFN-alpha regulated retinoic acid-induced gene G (RIG-G) expression.

METHODSThe expression of STAT1, p-STAT1 and RIG-G in IFN-alpha-treated NB4 cells was detected by Western blot. The roles of STAT1, STAT2 and IRF-9 in IFN-alpha-induced RIG-G expression were analyzed in STAT1-null U3A cells by cell transfection, reporter gene assay, co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitaion.

RESULTSIn U3A cells, only when STAT2 and IRF-9 were co-transfected, the luciferase activities of RIG-G promoter-containing reporter gene could be highly increased about 8-fold compared with that in the control group. Moreover, in the absence of IFN-alpha, similar effects were observed in either IRF-9 co-transfected with wild type or mutant form of STAT2, whereas IFN-alpha could increase the transactivation activity of wild type STAT2 and IRF-9 by 6-fold compared with that without IFN-alpha, but had no effect on mutant STAT2. In addition, STAT2 could interact with IRF-9 and bind to the RIG-G promoter.

CONCLUSIONSTAT2 may interact with IRF-9 in a STAT1-independent manner. The complex STAT2/IRF-9 is the key factor mediating the expression of RIG-G gene regulated by IFN-alpha. This is a novel signal transduction cascade for IFN which is different from the classical JAK-STAT pathway.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Fibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmids ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; STAT2 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the pharmacokinetic of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin HCPT by intraperitoneal administration.

METHODSix dogs were given HCPT by intraperitoneal perfusion: HCPT 2 mg x kg(-1), dissolved in 300 mL NS. During the course of experiments, peritoneal fluids and blood were sampled using a standardized protocol. The concentration of HCPT in all samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTThe area under the curve (AUC) of peritoneal fluids was significantly highly as compared to the AUC of femoral vein and portal vein (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThese experiments demonstrate that intraperitoneal chemotherapy has significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of IP route of HCPT administration. This method should be a more reasonable chemotherapy for the prevention of recurrence and liver metastasis of gastric cancer, colon cancer and ovary cancer after radical resection.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Ascitic Fluid ; metabolism ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Male