Objective:To explore the Optimize concentrate process of loganin from Cornus officinalis by ultrafiltration-nanofiltration coupling technology. Methods:Based on single factor test, nanofiltration membrane pore size, transmembrane pressure difference and pH were selected as independent variables, and the rejection of loganin was used as dependent variables. Response surface methodology of Box-Behnken Design was applied to optimize the concentrate process of loganin from Cornus officinalis. Results:Ultrafiltration can remove polysaccharides and improve the filtrability of the solution. The optimum nanofiltration concentrate conditions were nanofiltration membrane pore size 400 Da, pH 6.7 and the transmembrane pressure difference was 1.20 MPa. The average cut-off rate of loganin was (91.9 ± 1.7)%, which was close to the theoretical cut-off rate of 93.6%.Conclusion:The loganin from Cornus officinalis has been concentrated efficiently by the combination of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. The coupling technology is stable and feasible, whinc could avoid the transformation loss of heat-sensitive ingredients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS)and modified Epworth sleepiness scale(MESS),and evaluate the feasibility of MESS in assessment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).METHODS The ESS and MESS of 232 patients with OSAHS was recorded in their first visiting.The scores of ESS and MESS were analyzed with the parameters of polysomnography(PSG). RESULTS Both ESS and MESS can reflect the degree of sleepiness and anoxemia in OSAHS patients,but the MESS was more efficient than ESS.The difference of MESS score between normal group and severe OSAHS group was greater than that of ESS score.CONCLUSION MESS is concerned the living habit of Chinese,and can partly reflect the station of patient with OSAHS.MESS can also be a primary screening method for suspected patients with severe OSAHS.

Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To compare the curative effect of perindopril and metoprolol in the treatment of diabetic patients with asymptomatic cardiac insufficiency.Methods According to the method of random numbers, 152 diabetic patients with asymptomatic cardiac insufficiency were divided into the observation group and control group,with 76 cases in each group.The observation group was given with perindopril treatment,while control group was given with metoprolol treatment.The cardiac function index,glycosylated hemoglobin,BNP levels,the incidence of cardiac insufficiency and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions before and after treatment were compared.Results There were no significant differences in LVEF,Tei index and E/A between two groups before treatment (all P >0.05 ).Compared with before treatment,the cardiac function indexes of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment(t=5.96,4.83,4.91,10.22,5.68,5.18,all P<0.05),but the observation group were improved more significantly(t=5.64,4.67,5.03,all P<0.05).Before and after treatment,there was no significant difference in the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin(all P>0.05),and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).The BNP levels of the observation group before and after the treatment were (515.43 ± 58.85)pg/mL and (214.43 ±32.42)pg/mL respectively,of which the control group were (513.94 ±59.11)pg/mL and (263.32 ±43.31)pg/mL respectively,and after treatment,the BNP levels of the two groups were significantly decreased(t=23.45,17.68,all P<0.05),of which the observation group decreased more obvious(t=6.97,P<0.05).The cardiac insufficiency incidence of the observation group was 3.95%,which was significantly lower than 14.47% of the control group(χ2 =5.03,P<0.05).The incidence of adverse drug reactions had no obvious differ-ences in both groups(χ2 =0.08,P>0.05).Conclusion Using perindopril in treatment of diabetic patients with asymptomatic heart function can obviously improve cardiac function,reduce the incidence of BNP and cardiac insuffi-ciency.It has the clinical curative effect and high safety.

Biochemistry is one of the important basic subjects in medical college. It is hard for students to master because of its complicated theories and abstract contents. It has been found that carrying out case-teaching method in biochemistry teaching is good for students to arouse study interest and enhance the abilities of autonomic learning, question-analyzing and question-solving as well as consolidate theory knowledge. It is worth generalizing as a new teaching method for biochemistry in medical college.

Heparinases,a kind of polysaccharide lyases,can degrade heparin and heparin sulfate to low molecular weight polysaccharides.It has been noted that many bacteria have heparinases although only few of them have been purified and characterized.Heparinases I,II and III from Flavobacterium heparinum have been extensively studied for many years and been commercialized recently.Heparinases have some important applications in the industry and clinic as well as in the determination of heparin structure,which is a very important anticoagulant drug used world-widely.The recent progresses in isolation of heparinase-producing bacteria,genome mapping of heparinase homologs in sequenced bacteria and archaea genomes,purification of heparinases and the study of their biochemistry and regulation were reviewed.The recombinant expression of these enzymes as well as important applications of heparinases and their potential applications in the future will also be highlighted.

Objective: To develop a narcissistic personality questionnaire for non-clinical Chinese people. Methods: The questionnaire was developed on the basis of data from open questionnaire, interview and Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Six hundred and twelve participants finished a Narcissism Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: ①An exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors labeled authority, superiority, and selfadmiration; and a confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the goodness-of-fit indexes of this three-factor model was satisfactory; ②Cronbach alpha coefficients of narcissism questionnaire and its three factors ranged from 0.796 to 0.929; ③Consistent with previous studies, males were more narcissistic than females; ④Narcissism was pos- itively correlated with self-esteem, negatively correlated with anxiety and was not associated with satisfaction of life; selfesteem mediated the relationship between narcissism and anxiety. Conclusion: The self developed questionnaire illustrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.

This study aimed at optimizing the extraction process of Bi Xie Fen Qing (BXFQ) drink using ultrasound-microwave cooperation with central composite design-response surface method in comparison with the traditional decoction process.Taking microwave frequency,amount of water,extraction time as the main detection factors,diosgenin,glycyrrhizic acid and the extract yield were tested as the evaluation indexes;and taking an integrated score as response value for response surface and contour,predictive analysis was carried out and the optimum extraction conditions were achieved.It was found that the optimum extraction process of BXFQ drink was identified:the microwave frequency was 434 W,water addition was 18.4 times,extraction time was 9.3 mins and the ultrasonic frequency was fixed at 50 W.Under the optimum process,the diosgenin extraction yield rate was 23.17％ (mg· g-1),extraction yield rate of glycyrrhizic acid was 0.64％ (g·g-1),and the extraction yield rate of extractum was 34.12％ (g·g-1).All the indexes were superior to those of the traditional method.It is concluded that the composite design-response surface method is suitable for the extraction optimization of BXFQ drink with favorable predictability of the mathematical model.The optimized ultrasoundmicrowave cooperation was easy to operate with high extraction efficiency.It is suitable for industrialized production with the provision of a scientific reference for the modern formulation development of BXFQ drink.

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI appearances and to improve the knowledge of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors(pPNETs).Methods CT or MRI were performed in 19 patients of pPNETs,which were confirmed by pathology.Results All the tumors were with unclear margin.Three cases occurred in intracalvarium,7 in the extremities,2 in the chest,4 in the abdomen,and 3 inside the spine.CT appearance of the tumors arising from soft tissue showed large,ill-defined,non-calcified mass and heterogeneous appearance with hypodense cystic areas.The tumors demonstrated heterogeneous contrast enhancement.The pPNETs arising from bone demonstrated extensive lytic lesion with large soft tissue mass,one case with newly-born bone and demonstrated heterogeneous contrast enhancement.The tumors demonstrated homogeneous intensity as muscle on SE T1WI and heterogeneous hyperintense signal on T2WI.Immunohistochemically,tumor cells showed positive for CD99,Syn,GFAP and negative for LCA.Conclusion The pPNETs show no characteristic manifestations on CT and MRI.However,CT and MRI can show the intra-tumor structures and the extent of the tumor very well,which is helpful in differentiating diagnosis,predicting resectability,detecting distant metastases and evaluating the response to treatment.