Gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound includes oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound (OCUS) and double contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS),which can provide valuable clinical information about tumor morphology,vascular characteristics,and treatment responses.OCUS can clearly identify the gastric wall structure and the extent and depth of lesions by applying oral contrast agents.DCEUS,based on OCUS combined with venography,can display the anatomical and perfusion characteristics of lesions.In recent years,gastric contrast agents and imaging techniques have developed rapidly.However,the clinical application of gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound is still in the developmental stage.This article reviews the clinical status of OCUS and DCEUS in the screening,diagnosis,staging,pathological typing,and treatment evaluation of gastric cancer.Studies have shown that gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound has high sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of diagnosis and T-staging of gastric cancer.Furthermore,gastric contrast-enhanced ultrasound has the advantages of being cost-effective,convenient,non-invasive,free from radiation exposure,real-time,and easy to repeat.In the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer,it is expected to become one of the important imaging assessment tools.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Contrast Media ; Ultrasonography/methods*

Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetanus/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVE: The mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via injection drug use (IDU) still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission through IDU in Guangxi. METHODS: We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from 2009 to 2019. Phylogenetic and Bayesian time-geographic analyses of HIV-1 sequences were performed to confirm the characteristics of transmission between IDUs in combination with epidemiological data. RESULTS: Among the 535 subjects, CRF08_BC (57.4%), CRF01_AE (28.4%), and CRF07_BC (10.7%) were the top 3 HIV strains; 72.6% of infections were linked to other provinces in the transmission network; 93.6% of sequence-transmitted strains were locally endemic, with the rest coming from other provinces, predominantly Guangdong and Yunnan; 92.1% of the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs tended to be transmitted between HIV-positive IDUs. CONCLUSION HIV recombinants were high diversity, and circulating local strains were the transmission sources among IDUs in Guangxi. However, there were still cases of IDUs linked to other provinces. Coverage of traditional prevention strategies should be expanded, and inter-provincial collaboration between Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces should be strengthened.
Humans ; HIV-1/genetics* ; HIV Infections ; Drug Users ; Phylogeny ; Bayes Theorem ; China/epidemiology* ; Genotype

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

ObjectiveTo explore the practical value of environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound in the preparation of pathological tissue sections. MethodsFrom February 2013 to December 2022， 2 518 pathological specimens submitted by Foshan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the study objects. Two samples of the same specimen were randomly divided into two groups： the environment-friendly fast group， in which the pathological tissue sections were made by using the environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound； and the traditional group， in which formaldehyde， ethanol and xylene were used to make slices in the conventional way. The differences of hematoxylin （HE） staining effect， immunohistochemistry （IHC） staining effect and MDM2 gene detection result of atypical lipomatous tumor/highly differentiated liposarcoma （ALT/WDL） tissue sections between the two groups were compared. Results① The wax of the two groups' pathological tissues was dehydrated well and the tissue hardness was moderate. After HE staining， the sections of the two groups were intact， without cracks and tremor marks， and the contrast between nucleus and cytoplasm was appropriate， with good transparency， uniform staining， and no tissue loss. The excellent rate and score of HE staining in the environmental fast group were higher than those in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （χ² = 3.125，P₁ = 0.070；t = 0.965，P₂ = 0.334）. ②After IHC staining of the two groups of sections， the positive location of the cells was accurate， the staining was specific and uniform， the staining intensity was moderate， the staining sensitivity was good， and there was no tissue loss. The excellent rate of IHC staining and the positive rate of IHC staining in the environmental fast group were lower than those in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （χ₁² = 2.769，P₁ = 0.092；χ₂² = 0.800，P₂ = 0.375）. ③The background and outline of the two groups of WDL tissue sections were clear， the staining was uniform， the cells were clear and visible， the nuclear boundary was clear， the hybridization signal was clear and bright under the background fluorescence， and there was no miscellaneous signal. The two groups of sections were hybridized successfully， and MDM2 showed positive amplification. The number of cells successfully hybridized in the environment-friendly fast group was lower than that in the traditional group， but the difference was not statistically significant （t = 1.414，P = 0.230）. ConclusionsThe tissue treatment method of using environment-friendly sample release agent combined with ultrasound can ensure the detection effect of HE staining， IHC staining and MDM2 gene detection of pathological tissue sections， and is more efficient and environment-friendly， suitable for promotion and use in hospitals at all levels.

Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are the main therapy for epilepsy.There are many kinds of ASMs with complex mechanism of action, so it is difficult for pharmacists to examine prescriptions.This paper put forward some suggestions on the indications, dosage forms/routes of administration, appropriateness of usage and dosage, combined medication and drug interaction, long-term prescription review, individual differences in pathophysiology of children, and drug selection when complicated with common epilepsy, for the reference of doctors and pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the hematopoiesis protection effect of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) and its main components Angelica polysaccharide (APS) and Astragalus polysaccharide (ASPS) on myelosuppression mice, and the mechanism of anti-apoptosis of Meg-01 cells. METHODS: Mice were radiated with 4 Gy of ¹³⁷Csγ ray to establish the model of radiation-induced myelosuppression. DBT, APS or ASPS (10 mg/kg) were injected into irradiated mice. Peripheral blood cell counts were performed on mice before radiation (day 0) and day 7, 14 and 21 after radiation. On the 21st day, poor plasma platelets were collected from mice to detect TPO concentration and then the mice were sacrificed. The femoral bone marrow cells were cultured for colony cell forming units (CFU). Meg-01 cells were cultured without FBS for 24 h to induce apoptosis, and then treated with DBT/APS/ASPS for 72 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect early apoptosis (Annexin V), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) and the expression of Caspase-3 to analyze the effect of DBT/APS/ASPS on cell apoptosis. RESULTS: DBT can stimulate the recovery of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and platelets (PLT) of myelosuppression mice, especially for WBC and PLT (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of BFU-E, CFU-MK and CFU-GM increased after adding DBT (BFU-E & CFU-GM: P<0.05； CFU-MK: P<0.01). The effect of DBT on blood TPO concentration in mice was not obvious (P=0.89). RBC, WBC and PLT were increased in APS group compared with control group (P<0.05). WBC increased after the treatment of ASPS (P<0.05). APS stimulated the formation of CFU-F, CFU-MK and CFU-GM (P<0.05). Only CFU-GM increased in ASPS group(P<0.05). Besides, DBT decreased the apoptosis of Meg-01 cells (P<0.05). The early apoptosis rate and total death rate in APS (100 μg/ml) group were lower than that of control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The early apoptosis rate of ASPS (100 μg/ml) group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). JC-1 and Caspase-3 showed that APS (100 μg/ml) significantly reduced apoptosis rate (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION DBT has protective effect on hematopoietic system, especially WBC and PLT, and has anti-apoptotic effect on Meg-01. It was found that the above effects of DBT were mainly caused by APS, and its anti-apoptosis mechanism was carried out mainly through JC-1 and Caspase-3 pathways.
Mice ; Animals ; Caspase 3 ; Bone Marrow ; Polysaccharides

The continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng is serious, and effective control measures are lacking. Soil disinfection with chloropicrin(CP) has been proven to be effective in reducing the obstacles to continuous cropping of other crops. In order to ascertain the effect of CP in the continuous cropping of P. notoginseng, this paper explored the influences of CP at different treatment concentrations(0,30,40,50 kg/Mu, 1 Mu≈667 m~2) on soil macro-element nutrients, soil enzyme activity, growth and development of P. notoginseng, and the accumulation of medicinal components. The results showed that CP fumigation significantly increased the content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil, but it had no significant effect on potassium content. The soil protease activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the prolonging of the treatment time. Both the soil urease and acid phosphatase activities showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the prolonging of the treatment time. The higher the CP treatment concentration was, the lower the urease and acid phosphatase activities would be in the soil. The protease activity was relatively high after CP40 treatment, which was better than CP30 and CP50 treatments in promoting the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium accumulation in P. notoginseng. The seedling survival rates after CP0, CP30, CP40, and CP50 tratments in October were 0, 65.56%, 89.44%, and 83.33%, respectively. Compared with the CP30 and CP50 treatments, CP40 treatment significantly facilitated the growth and development of P. notoginseng, the increase in fresh and dry weights, and the accumulation of root saponins. In summary, CP40 treatment accelerates the increase in soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and their accumulation in P. notoginseng, elevates the seedling survival rate of P. notoginseng, enhances the growth and development of P. notoginseng, and promotes the accumulation of medicinal components. CP40 treatment is therefore recommended in production.
Fumigation ; Growth and Development ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated ; Panax notoginseng ; Soil

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage for cervical abscess.Methods The clinical data of 18 patients with cervical abscess treated by percutaneous puncture and catheterization under ultrasound guidance were analyzed retrospectively.Results All of the 18 patients were successfully treated on one round.None of the 18 patients was nerve injury,main vessels injury or dead during the operation.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of neck abscess is safe and effective,and has high clinical application value.