Hyperuricemia(HUA),which can induce oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,and inflammation,is closely relevant to the metabolic syndrome(MS),such as obesity,impaired fasting blood glucose,hyper-triglyceridemia,and hypertension. Moreover,HUA is of reciprocal causation with insulin resistance(IR). Here,for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as HUA and MS,the interaction and the regulatory mechanism between MS and HUA are summarized,and the situation that HUA is an important complication of MS is illustrated.

Objective] To explore a new method of synthesis of resveratrol oligmer induced by photosensitizers, further analyze its free radical scavenging activity and analgesic activity. [Method] Resveratrol was dispersed in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution, mixed with pheophorbide, then illuminated by laser at 630nm. The oligmers in the filtrate were analyzed by HPLC-MS and isolated by preparative liquid chromatography. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS method, and the analgesic effect was measured by hot plate test and acetic acid writhing test in mice. [Result] A new peak occurred and reached stable in reactive solution after 20 min illumination. It was identified as the dimer of resveratrol with conversion of 35%. Its concentrations on inhibition of 50% DPPH and ABTS radical were respectively 230 μg·mL-1 and 273 μg·mL-1. It reached maximum pain threshold at 180 min, and the inhibition rate of writhing number was 62.6% with better effects than resveratrol. [Conclusion] Reseratrol can be polymerized to the dimer after pheophorbide excited by red light, the resveratrol and its dimer both have the ability of eliminating free radicals and analgesic effects, but the dimer has the stronger activity.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics

To investigate the semi-quantitative method for evaluating lipid accumulation in livers, male C57BL/6J mice (CON), HFD mice characterized with the mild fatty liver induced by high-fat diet, and KKAy mice charactered with the moderately severe fatty liver induced by high-caloric diet were used. The lipid accumulation was estimated by the histological examination (HE staining) and the content of hepatic triglyceride, separately. Echo-intensity of two selected regions along the ultrasound transmission direction was recorded using a small animal ultrasonographic system, and the echo-intensity attenuation coefficient was calculated. Correlation between the echo-intensity attenuation coefficient and the content of hepatic triglyceride was analyzed by the Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the lipid accumulation in livers increased significantly in both HFD and KKAy mice compared with CON mice and it was more serious in KKAy mice than that in HFD mice. The values of echo-intensity attenuation coefficient were also increased in sequence according to group. These values were positively associated with the content of hepatic triglyceride (r = 0.744, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the echo-intensity attenuation coefficient is a simple, impersonal, and non-invasive method for evaluating the hepatic lipid accumulation. It can be used to research the process and the treatment of fatty liver diseases in mice.

Objective To summarize the efficacy of cervical pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation.Methods From September 2007 to March 2010,21 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation combined with developmental cervical stenosis were managed by pedicle screw fixation in unstable segments,and then single open-door laminoplasty in stenosis segments.The clinical outcomes were reviewed and summarized.Results All the patients received follow-up of 1-3 years.Two patients had superficial wound infection,which was cured by dressing change.One presented intra-incisional hematoma one week post-operatively and was cured by hemostasis and drainage.One had door-reclosing without symptom aggravation.There was neither perforation of pedicle screws nor breakage,loosening or displacement of internal fixation.The curvature of cervical lordosis at follow-up had significant rectification in comparison with that at preoperation,but showed unobvious change as compared with that immediately after operation.According to the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score,the neurological score improved from preoperative 4-15 points to 9-17 points at the final follow-up,which revealed more than 80％ of recovery in 13 patients,50％ -80％ of recovery in six and 5％ -50％ of recovery in two,with the average recovery rate of 75％.Conclusion For unstable segments in patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation combined with developmental spinal stenosis,posterior pedicle screw fixation can avoid the risk of further spinal cord injury in single open-door laminoplasty and restore the physiological curvature of cervical vertebrae,which provides solid foundation for backward drift of spinal cord and creates favorable condition for recovery of spinal cord function.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of statins for secondary prevention and its efficacy in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 300 patients with ischemic stroke were divided into statins group (n=91) and control group (n=209) according to whether statins was received or not.Serum lipid parameters,liver and kidney function,carotid artery intimamedia thickness (IMT) and plaque area were compared between the two groups.Results In 209 patients not taking statins,68 cases (32.5％) were not advised by clinic doctor; 55 cases (27.8％)were reluctant to take statins in fear of adverse reactions; 77 cases (36.8％) discontinued stains when serum lipids were normal; 3 cases (1.4％) developed skin allergic reaction and the skin rash that disappeared after stains discontinuance; 3 cases (1.4％) had elevated liver enzyme levels and the enzyme levels were declined to normal after stains discontinuance.The levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower in statin group than in control group [(4.93±0.45) mmol/L vs.(5.87±0.38) mmol/L,(1.68±0.61)mmol/L vs.(2.01±0.58) mmol/L,(2.49±0.57) mmol/L vs.(3.76±0.44) mmol/L,t=18.60,4.46,20.94,P=0.000,0.007,0.000,respectively].High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level was significantly higher in stain group than in control group [(1.36±0.31) mmol/L vs.(1.03±0.25)mmol/L,t=9.75,P=0.001].There were no significant differences in liver and kidney function parameters such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,serum total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,indirect bilirubin,glutamyl transferase,blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The carotid IMT and carotid atherosclerotic plaque area were significantly lower in stain group than in control group [(1.62 ± 0.23) mm vs.(1.74±0.31) mm,(0.57±0.12) cm2 vs.(0.65±0.18) cm2,t=3.32,3.88,P=0.008,0.002,respectively].Conclusions Most patients with ischemic stroke are still not taking statin for secondary prevention.Statins can improve the blood lipid levels and carotid arteriosclerosis status,and no obvious adverse reactions are observed.

Objective To study the clinical feature, diagnossis and therapy of open spinal cord injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 15 patients with open spinal cord injury including 14 males and one female, at age range of 15-46 years (mean 23 years). There were two patients with open cervical spinal cord injury, 11 with open thoracic spinal cord injury and two with open lumbar spinal cord injury. Injury causes included sharp knife injury in 12 patients, firearm injury in two and stick stabbing in one. According to ASIA scale, there was one patient at Grade A, two at Grade B, seven at Grade C, four at Grade D and one at Grade E preoperatively. Foreign bodies were found in the wound in four patients. There were three patients combined with spinous process fracture, eight with vertebral plate fracture and five with vertebral body fractures. All 15 patients were treated by emergency management including vertical canal exploration, hematoma debridement or foreign body removal. Results Postoperative complications included cerebrospinal fluid leakage in two patients and wound infection ( without spinal cord infection) in one. There were different degrees of neural functional recovery in five patients. The post-operation ASIA scale: one patient at Grade A, three at Grade C, 10 at Grade D and one at Grade E,with no patient at Grade B. Conclusions For open spinal cord injury, emergency operation is necessary under adequate preoperative preparation. Preoperative identification of foreign bodies, exploration and decompression are beneficial to spinal cord function recovery and reduction of the incidence rate of postoperative complications like infection or hemorrhage.

Objective To appraise the value of MR imaging in detecting occult fracture and associated with other injuries of knee. Methods 68 cases with acute knee trauma were underwent radiography and MR imaging examination.Results All 68 cases had negative radiographic results. 83 occult fractures in 68 cases were found by MRI, and 75 occult fractures were located in the lower part of femur and upper part of tibia. Fracture patterns were line shape,arborization. By MR imaging, ligament injuries were showed in 32 cases, menisci injuries were demonstrated in 22 cases, and hydrarthrosis were manifested in 60 cases.Conclusion When knee joint injured patients with obvious clinical symptoms and negative radiographic results, the MRI is the best choice for further examination. It is sensitive in detecting occult fractures and associated with other injuries of knee joint.

Objective To explore the effect on effect of combined use of Y27632 (ROCK II inhibitor)and TDZD-8(GSK-3β inhibitor)on axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in neogenetic rats. Methods All the thoracolumbar DRGs of two neogenetic Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats(<5 days)were harvested under the stereopsis raicrostat,and then the DRG neurons were cultured,purified and indentified.Fifteen adult female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,ie,complete paraplegia group(5 rats),sham operation control group(5 rats)and normal group(5 rats)respectively.The T8-10 spinal cord extracts (SCEs) were harvested in the complete paraplegia group,sham operation control group and normal group respectively at day 7 after spinal cord injury.The experiment was divided into group A(DRG neurons + PBS),group B(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE),group C(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE + different concentration Y27632),group D(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE + different concentration TDZD-8)and group E(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE + proper concentration Y27632 and TDZD-8).The average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at distal end of neuronal axons were observed after two days of co-culture respectively in intro. Results (1)The average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone in the group B were significantly shorter and weaker than that in the group A,with statistical difference.(2)In the group C,the average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubulln βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone in 5-10 μmol/L Y27632 treatment groups were more than that in the group B but lower than that in the group A.The average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubuhn βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone in 20-50 μmol/L Y27632 treatment group were longer and stronger than that in the group A and the group B,especially the group B.Among different concentration Y27632 treatment groups,there was a longest average axonal length and strongest expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ in 30 μmol/L treatment group.(3) In the group D,there was a longer average axonal length in 0.5-3 μmol/L TDZD-8 treatment group than that in the group A and the group B,with the longeat average axonal length in l μmool/L TDZD-8 treatment group.In 5-25 μmol/L TDZD-8 treatment groups,the average axonal length showed no difference compared with the group B but wns shorter than that in the group A.In all different concentration TDZD-8 treatment groups,the expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone was significantly stronger than that in the groups A and B.(4) In the group E,although the average axonal length was increased in the group E,there was no statisilcal difference compared with the group A,30 μmol/L Y27632 treatment group and l μmol/L TDZD-8treatment group.There was a significantly longer average axonal length in the group E than it in the group B and the expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone was stronger in the group E compared to the group A,30 μmol/L Y27632 treatment group and l μmol/L TDZD-8 treatment group.Conclusion The complete paralysis SCEs obviously inhibits DRG axonal growth,induces axonal retraction and growth cone collapse.High concentration of Y27632 can more obviously promote the axon growth compared with the low concentration,while the low concentration of TDZD-8 can obviously promote the axon growth.Combined use of appropriate concentration of TDZD-8 and Y27632 can promote the axon growth and induce the axons branching,as facilitates the formation of the axon circuit.

Compounds were isolated through various chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those reported in the literatures. Thirteen compounds were obtained from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts. Their structures were identified as 4,4'-dimethoxy-9,9', 10,10'-tetrahydro-(1, 1'-biphenanthrene) -2, 2', 7, 7'-tetrol (1), 4, 4', 7, 7'-tetrahydroxy -2,2'-dimethoxy-1, 1'-biphenanthrene (2), 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (3), physcion (4), chrysophanol (5), emodin (6), genkwanin (7), quercetin (8), quercetin 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethanol (10), syringic acid (11), vanillin (12), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (13), respectively. Compounds 1-3 and 5-12 are reported from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry