Objective To evaluate the effect of hypothermia on the pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in the pigs with hemorrhagic shock.Methods Thirty-two Bama mini pigs of both sexes,aged 4-6 months,weighing 22-25 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:normal temperature control group (group NC),normal temperature+hemorrhagic shock group (group NH),hypothermia control group (group HC),and hypothermia+hemorrhagic shock group (group HH).NC and NH groups were put in the normal temperature environment,and HC and HH groups were put in a freezer at-15 ℃.In NC and HC groups,rocuronium 3.78 mg/kg was injected via the auricular vein after the animals were awake.In NH and HH groups,hemorrhagic shock was then induced by removing 40％ of blood volume from the right femoral artery at a constant speed within 15 min (30 ml/kg),and rocuronium 3.78 mg/kg was injected via the auricular vein at 30 min after the model was successfully established.At 0 (T0),2 (T1),4 (T2),7 (T3),10 (T4),15 (T5),20 (T6),30 (T7),60 (T8),120 (T9),180 (T10),240 (T11) and 300 min (T12) after rocuronium injection,blood samples were collected from the internal jugular vein for determination of the blood concentration of rocuronium by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.The maximum concentration (Cmax),elimination half-life (t1/2),plasma effect-site equilibration rate content (Ke0),area under concentration curve,and mean residence time (MRT) of rocuronium were calculated.Results Compared with group NC,the blood concentration of rocuronium was significantly decreased at T5-T12 in group NH,the blood concentration of rocuronium was significantly increased at T5-T12 in group HC,and t1/2 was significantly prolonged,Ke0 was decreased,and MRT was prolonged in NH and HC groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group HC,the blood concentration of rocuronium was significantly increased at T4-T12,t1/2 was prolonged,Ke0 was decreased,and MRT was prolonged in group HH (P＜0.05).Compared with group NH,the blood concentration of rocuronium was significantly increased at T5-T11,t1/2 was prolonged,Ke0 was decreased,and MRT was prolonged in group HH (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hypothermia can reduce the pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in the pigs with hemorrhagic shock.

An extracellular proteinase from Candida albicans WD27 was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography with 25.4 fold and 5.2% yield. This enzyme appeared to be aspartic proteinase since the enzyme activity could be inhibited by pepstatin which was specific inhibitor of this class of proteinase. The enzyme had an acidic proteolytic activity profile with the optimum pH of 4.0. The optimum temperature of the enzyme activity was 37℃. The proteinase had a broad substrate specificity with the highest susceptibility to bovine hemoglobin. The Km for bovine hemoglobin was determined to be 0.814mmol/L.

AIM:To investigate the role of potassium channel expression alteration in chronic cigarette smoking-induced increase in pulmonary vascular responsiveness,the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel(BKCa) and voltage-dependent delayed rectifier potassium channel(Kv1.5) expression in rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells were investigated in vivo.METHODS: HE staining,immuno-histochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used.RESULTS:(1) Chronic cigarette smoking downregulates the protein and mRNA expression of BKCa in pulmonary arterial smooth muscles.(2) Chronic cigarette smoking downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1.5 in pulmonary arterial smooth muscles.(3) In big artery,BKCa decreased more makedly than Kv1.5,but in small artery,both of them decreased equally.CONCLUSION: Chronic cigarette smoking downregulates the levels of BKCa and Kv1.5 in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in vivo,which maybe contribute to the mechanism of cigarette smoking-induced increase in pulmonary vascular responsiveness.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effect of active fractions of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) on primary cortical neuron injury after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (R) injury. Methods Using macroporous resin method, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95 with 30%, 50%, 75%, and 95% alcohol were respectively prepared. Then the content of active components in different HJD fractions was determined with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The OGD/R injury model was induced by sodium dithionite on primary cortical neurons in neonate rats. MTT assay was used to observe the effect of four fractions (HJDFE30, HJDFE50, HJDFE75, and HJDFE95) and seven index components of HJD on the neuron viability.

RESULTSRP-HPLC showed active component(s) contained in HJDFE30 was geniposide; baicalin, palmatine, berberine, and wogonside contained in HJDFE50; baicalin, berberine, baicalein, and wogonin contained in HJDFE75. The neuron viability was decreased after OGD for 20 min and reperfusion for 1 h, (P <0. 01), and significantly increased after administered with HJD, HJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75 (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Geniposide, baicalin, baicalein, palmatine, wogonside, and wogonin could increase the cortical neuron viability (P <0. 05, P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSHJDFE30, HJDFE50, and HJDFE75, as active fractions of HJD, had protective effect on primary cortical neuron injury after OGD/R. Furthermore, geniposide, baicalin, and baicalein were main active components of HJD.

Animals ; Berberine ; Berberine Alkaloids ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flavanones ; Flavonoids ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy(OHL) among workers in automobile manufacturing industry in Beijing City. Methods A total of 1 639 frontline workers from 15 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Beijing City were selected using stratified cluster sampling method. The National Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring for Key Groups Questionnaire was used to investigate the OHL of the workers. Results The overall awareness of OHL was 60.5% in these 1 639 automobile manufacturing workers. The awareness of OHL in the four dimensions, from high to low, were basic knowledge of occupational health protection, info of healthy working style and behaviors, legal knowledge of occupational health and basic skills of occupational health protection (82.1% vs 73.2% vs 57.5% vs 43.3%, P<0.01). The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that gender, marriage status, education level, personal monthly income and enterprise scale were influencing factors of OHL of automobile manufacturing workers (all P<0.05). Conclusion The OHL awareness among workers of automobile manufacturing industry in Beijing City, especially the basic skills of occupational health protection and the legal knowledge of occupational health, needs to be improved. It is essential to focus on promotion and intervention of occupational health in female workers, those with low education levels, low-income levels, and workers in small- and medium-sized enterprises.

Objective To explore the causes of rising carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates by analysis of the carbapenemase genotypes in A .baumannii .Methods WHONET 5 .4 was used to analyze the changing resistance profile of A .baumannii isolates over years .A total of 320 carbapenem‐resistant A .baumannii isolates were collected from the patients in an intensive care unit from January 2008 to December 2012 .All strains were identified and tested by VITEK 2 for their susceptibility .The metallo‐β‐lactamases genes and OXA carbapenemase genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction . Results The resistance rate of A .baumannii isolates to meropenem and imipenem increased rapidly from 10 .8% to 80 .4% and from 13 .5% to 83 .5% during the period from 2008 and 2012 .The prevalence of blaOXA‐23and ISAba1‐associated blaOXA‐23genes increased from 25 .0% to 97 .1% .No metallo‐β‐lactamase encoding genes were detected .Conclusions Our results indicate that the rising carbapenem resistance in the A . baumannii isolates in our intensive care unit may be associated with the high prevalence of blaOXA‐23 and IS A ba1‐associated blaOXA‐23 genes .

Aim To identify alteration in key molecular components related to memory formation and insulin signaling in the hippocampus after rosiglitazone was in-jected into the ob/ob mice to test whether cognitive dysfunction was pharmacologically reversed by regula-tion of rosiglitazone. Methods The age-matched mice were divided into three groups ( n=18 ): Saline-trea-ted WT mice ( WT-Saline);Saline-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-Saline) and RSG-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-RSG) through intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone ( RSG) . The random glucose levels were measured for 10 days during the intraperitoneal injection period. No-vel object recognition was performed before mice were sacrificed. Western blot was implemented to evaluate the following proteins: BACE1, p-Tau, p-IRS1,IRS1, p-Akt and Akt in hippocampal tissues. The Aβ1-40 levels were detected by ELISA Kit. Results The random blood glucose levels were significantly re-duced in ob/ob-RSG compared with ob/ob-saline. RSG treatment led to an increase in hippocampus-de-pendent cognition of ob/ob mice according to the novel object recognition. The proteins levels of BACE1, p-Tau and Aβ were lowered in RSG-treated ob/ob mice. Furthermore, RSG treatment up-regulated hippocampal p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-Akt/Akt ratio. Conclusion Ros-iglitazone ameliorates cognitive deficits in ob/ob mice through up-regulating insulin signaling pathways in the hippocampus.

Objective To observe the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship of Marigold lutein, and provide experimental data for clinical use. Methods The mice were randomly divided into seven groups:blank control group, model control group, 1 mg/kg lutein group, 5 mg/kg lutein group, 25 mg/kg lutein group, 125 mg/kg lutein group and 625 mg/kg lutein group. The mice in blank control group were dealt with saline solution by intraperitoneal injection, the others were dealt with D-galactose (120 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for seven weeks to make oxidative damage model, meanwhile the mice were given corresponding dose of the drug. Subsequently, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were measured, and the antioxidative dosage-effect relationship was observed. Results The 1, 5, 25 mg/kg lutein reduced the MDA level and increased SOD activity, and the 125, 625 mg/kg dose of lutein did not show significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion Lutein has significant antioxidant activity in mouse dealt with D-galactose within the dose range of 1-25 mg/kg. The results suggest that the clinical dosage range of lutein should be kept within reasonable limits.

Background and purpose:Microsatellite instability (MSI) status is commonly applied to predict the prognosis and chemosensitivity in stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer patients. However, researches of its function on metastasis colorectal cancer are limited. This study investigated its value on prognosis and chemosensitivity in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.Methods:We retrospectively investigated tumor tissues from metastasis CRC patients who were treated with oxaliplatin and 5-FU-based therapy regimens (FOLFOX and XELOX). Immunostaining of proteins of the mismatch repair genehMLH1,hMSH2,hMSH6 andhPMS2 was performed. Prognostic value and chemosensitivity in patients with MSI status were also determined.Results:Clinical features from 113 patients were analyzed. No cor-relation of overall survival (OS) and chemosensitivity with MSI status was found. We further investigated 79 patients with synchronous metastasis and palliatively tumor resection. Median progression free survival (PFS) from 22 MSI patients was significant longer than that in 57 MSS patients (19.9 monthsvs 7 months,P=0.005). No significant difference was seen in OS comparison (P=0.07). MSI status was also an independent prognostic factors of PFS by Cox multivariate analysis (MSS/MSI,HR=2.079,P=0.043). Moreover, in this group, MSI patients had improved disease control rate (59.1%vs 31.6%, P=0.025) in chemosensitivity analysis than MSS patients.Conclusion:A better PFS in MSI patients with synchronous metastasis and palliative tumor resection was found after treated with oxaliplatin and 5-FU-based therapy and a better chemosensitivity in MSI patients was also found.

Objective To analyze the characteristic of serum proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, establish serum markers pattern for the diagnosis of NSCLC. Methods Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectormetry ( SELDI-TOF-MS) technology was used to analyze serum samples. Bio-marker Pattern Software (BPS) was used to detect the protein peaks. Results Sixteen significantly different pro-tein peaks were found in serum samples in NSCLC patients and healthy controls. Eight up-regulated protein peaks and eight down-regulated protein peaks ( P < 0. 001 ) were identified in serum samples of NSCLC patients. Three up-regulated protein peaks(P <0. 05) were identified in serum samples of patients of NSCLC with smoking history. Two up-regulated protein peaks(P <0. 01) were identified in serum samples of patients of squamous carcinoma comparing with adenocarcinoma. No significantly different protein peak was found in serum samples of NSCLC patients at different clinical stages . Conclusion SELDI - TOF - MS technology can identify different protein peaks and so function as a diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity.