20 gerbils were subjected to ischemia for 20 minutes by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries.The animals survived for 1 week or 1 month. By means of tile fast frozen section and stained with crystal violet, in many of the gerbils delayed neuronal deathin the CA1 pyramidal cells were found, while in 8 gerbils no clear ishemic changes were found under a light microscope. In order to clarify ischemic changes still further,the CA1 of Hipp was examined under the electron microscpe and many pathological changes were observed. The cytoplasm of the pyramidal cells was filled with stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)and many granules were disconnected from RER. Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus showed reactive products. Lipofuscin granules increased; and the condensation of the mitochondria was remarkable.In addition, the changes of glia cells and cepillaries were observed.

Hypoglossal nuclei of tree shrews were studied by the cholerogenoid horseradish peroxidase(CB-HRP)technique Transverse and longitudinal sections were made through the medulla oblongata, and the labelled ceils of the hypoglossal nucleus were studied under a microscope. The nucleus, 1.3-1.4mm in length, is divided into two parts. The upper two-thirds is located in the deep of the eminentia medialis of the fossa rhomboidea and the lower onethird lies ventrilateral to the closed part of the fourth ventricle. Labelled cells in each part may be divided into medial and lateral groups.

Objective To explore the treatment effect and application value of sodium hyaluronate joint celecoxib in the treatment of senile knee osteoarthritis.Methods According to the digital table,120 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group received injection of triamcinolone acetonide knee joint cavity, the observation group used the knee joint cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate and oral celecoxib capsule treatment.The clinical curative effect was observed in the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.00%,which of the control group was 76.67%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=8.292,P<0.05).After treatment, the nitric oxide concentration, induction type concentration of nitric oxide synthase of the observation group were (60.11±13.42)μmol/L, (15.45±4.42)U/mL, which of the control group were (93.45 ±20.46)μmol/L,(23.52±7.76)U/mL, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=10.554,6.999,all P<0.05).After treatment, the Lequesne score and VAS score of the observation group were (7.25±2.08)points, (2.86±0.95)points,which of the control group were (9.89±3.15)points, (4.21±1.47) points, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=5.417,5.974,all P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical curative effect of sodium hyaluronate combined therapy with celecoxib in the treatment of elderly knee osteoarthritis is reliable, can effectively improve pain in patients with clinical symptoms, reduce joint fluid of induced nitric oxide and the concentration of nitric oxide synthase, it is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Three problems about the concept of validity were discussed here,which is the evolution of concept of validity and its existing problems,a new understanding of validity and how to construct validity.During the development of the concept of validity,content validity,predictive validity,construct validity as well as concurrent validity were prevailing until the emergence of construct validity in which all aspects of validity were involved.To date,the bias we put on the concept of validity were mainly originated from the way by which we have taken concept of validity as a nomological network.Actually,the concept of validity is a ontological claim which is seriously based on reference and causality.We should establish a theory hypothesis,form a test,and confirm the measure attribute,so we could obtain the validity.

In order to study the effects of biliary high pressure on splanchnic major nerve and the its significance during sever type acute cholangitis(ACST), using a self-made catheter with a blind cyst at the biliary tract, an observation was completed on biliary compression of 150mmHg (20kPa) in big ear white rabbits, nervous impulse frequercy of splanchnie major nerve and blood pressure was measured at the same time. The results showed that a significant decrease in blood pressure(P0.05), the authors believe that activity of splanchnic major nerve is related to the decrease of blood pressure in earlier stage of ACST.

In order to study the effect of acute biliary hypertension on cardiovascu-lar activity, an experiment has been done on Japanese big ear white rabbits, using a self-made catheter with an inflatable rubber bag fixed to its anterior end. It was insertedinto the extrahepatic biliary tract via the duodenum, biliary high pressure of 8-20 kPawas created and maintained for 2 h by inflating the bag with water. A significant decreaseof cardiac output (CO) and fall of the arterial blood pressure were found during theexperiment (P0.05). These results indicated that the increase ofthe biliary pressure without infection could also make CO decrease, so it was a direct rea-son for falling of blood pressure, it was also an important factor causing the decline ofblood pressure in the ealier stage of severe acute cholangitis (ACST).

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of magnesium sulfate combined with labetalol on severe preeclampsia and the effects on serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A).Methods:Eighty-five patients with severe preeclampsia who received treatment in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital between January 2019 and June 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive treatment either with magnesium sulfate (control group, n = 42) or magnesium sulfate combined with labetalol (observation group, n = 43). Before and after treatment, 24-hour dynamic blood pressure, 24-hour urinary protein excretion and umbilical artery hemodynamics were determined. In addition, serum levels of sICAM-1, VEGF and PAPP-A were detected. Results:After treatment, 24-hour mean arterial pressure, 24-hour urine protein excretion in the control and observation groups were significantly decreased compared with before treatment. After treatment, the 24-hour mean arterial pressure [(116.45 ± 9.63) mmHg vs. (120.74 ± 9.48) mmHg] and 24-hour urine protein excretion [(1.85 ± 0.52) g vs. (2.33 ± 0.75) g] were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 2.069, 3.436, both P < 0.05). The umbilical artery resistance index in the control group, and the peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio and the umbilical artery resistance index in the observation group were significantly decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity ratio in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(2.80 ± 0.50) vs. (3.01 ± 0.45), t = 2.034, P < 0.05]. After treatment, serum sICAM-1 and PAPP-A levels were significantly decreased, and serum VEGF level was significantly increased, in each group (all P < 0.05). After treatment, serum levels of sICAM-1 [(548.52 ± 102.74) mg/L vs. (647.52 ± 124.15) mg/L, t = 4.009, P < 0.05] and PAPP-A [(111.74 ± 28.52) U/L vs. (134.24 ± 35.96) U/L, t = 3.200, P < 0.05] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and serum VEGF level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(32.12 ± 7.45) ng/L vs. (28.17 ± 6.23) ng/L, t =2.659, P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of poor pregnancy outcome between the control and study groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Magnesium sulfate combined with labetalol exhibits good therapeutic effects on severe preeclampsia. The treatment method can improve umbilical artery hemodynamics, and its mechanism may be related to its effect on vascular endothelial function.

As the repeated emergence of accounting communication distortion and criminal behaviors among accounts,the absence of accounts′ professional ethics is drawing increasing attention from the general public.The professional ethics absence is partially related to the imperfect self-discipline of accountants.However,self-discipline by its own can never solve the absence of accounts′ professional ethics to some extent.Certain social factors are also responsible,which are analyzed in this thesis,aiming to provide a welcoming external environment for the improvement of professional ethics among accountants.

There is a high prevalence of gastric cancer in China,but most of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages,when chemotherapy is regarded as an important component of the multimodal treatment.Chemotherapy has demonstrated advantages over best suppor-tive care in prolonging survival and improving quality of life.Over the past 40 years,the clinical responses of two or three-drug combination chemotherapy regimens have been accepted,and 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin and epirubicin have been most frequently used in gastric cancer.Recently,the therapeutic effects of advanced gastric cancer treated by new regimen consisted of docetaxel,irinotecan,oxaliplatin and capecitabine have been further enhanced.The molecular targeted agent,cetuximab and bevacizumab,combined with chemotherapy,would be more promising therapeutic regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric caner.

Objective To investigate the assessed value of tumor-associated macrophages ( TAMs ) and KIT expression for liver metastasis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and patients′outcome. Methods A total of 79 patients who underwent surgical resection and pathologically diagnosed as PNETs in the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from January 1995 to May 2015 were enrolled.The immunohistochemical staining of CD68 and KIT were detected and the correlations with clinicopathological factors were analyzed.Results Of 79 PNETs cases, CD68 and KIT in tumor tissue were overexpressed in 30(38%) and 35(44.3%) cases, respectively.CD68 overexpression was associated with tumor infiltration ( P<0.001 ), AJCC stage 7 ( P<0.001 ), liver metastasis ( P<0.001 ) and early recurrence (P=0.019).Patients with low CD68 level had significantly better survival than those with high CD68 expression ( P=0.0002 ).KIT overexpression was correlated with WHO 2010 and AJCC stage 7 (P<0.001;P=0.002), nonfunctional status of the tumor (P=0.002) and liver metastasis (P=0.026). The survival period of patients with low KIT expression was greatly longer than those with high KIT level (P=0.0013).CD68 and KIT co-overexpression was observed in patients with tumor invasion (P<0.001), advanced WHO and AJCC stage (both P<0.001) and better prognostic survival (P=0.0057).Multivariate analysis showed that CD68 overexpression (HR:2.9;95%CI:1.16~7.23;P=0.033) was an independent prognostic factor for PNETs.Conclusions CD68 and KIT overexpression is correlated with advanced disease stage, higher risk for liver metastasis and worse survival.CD68 is an independent prognostic factor for PNETs.