DNA methylation is a common process of epigenetics,and also is the third mechanism of tumor related gene inactivation.It plays an important role in the development of cervical cancer.Studies show that methylation of p16,FHIT,IGSF and DAPK1 have relationship with cervical cancer,thus they may be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.Meanwhile,advanced study of cervical cancer related gene methylation provides a new target point for treatment.

Visual impairment is one of the common problems in the elderly,and regular screening should be considered for early detection as well as prevention.This article describes some of the common causes of vision loss in older adults,including cataracts,age-related macular degeneration,ametropia (presbyopia) and diabetic retinopathy.Patients with senile cataract should be offered a manifest refraction in the early stage,and surgical treatments are indicated when their vision is less than or equal to 0.4.Prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration may be achieved through medication or dietary adjustment.Vascular endothelial growth factor can be used in the treatment of neovascularage-related macular degeneration.Patients with presbyopia are advised to obtain a manifest refraction.Patients with diabetic retinopathy should be regularly offered an ocular fundus examination and receive early treatment when necessary,with particular attention paid to glycaemic control.

Addiction diseases make patients dependent on drug abused or some kind of behavior, and seriously impair their physical and mental health . Drug therapy for this kind of disease has got increased attention in recent years besides non drug treatment measures. Dependentless antileptic agents such as carbamazepine and phenytoin show their effective effects on some symptoms like withdrawal syndrome and craving. The mechanisms of addiction diseases and the drug's effects was discussed. Comparative study was made addiction disease and epilepsy.

Autologous liver transplantation,a type of ex situ liver surgery along with hypothermic organ preservation,a venovenous bypass and complicated vascular reconstructions,allows better access to unresectable tumor and is considered as an effective strategy to overcome the shortage of donors.However,the high complication incidence and mortality related with the technique limit its wide application.To popularize this technique,based on our current experience,we review the key parts of the surgery and the treatment strategy for the complications.

BACKGROUND: The water extract of white mulberry root-bark plays certain roles in decreasing the blood glucose and blood lipids of rats, antagonizing inflammation and analgesia, relieving asthma and inducing diuresis,as well as relaxing the smooth muscle.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hypoxic tolerance of white mulberry rootbark by using the hypoxic tolerance test under normal pressure, rapid head-cut test and the test of isoproterenol in enhancing myocardial oxygen consumption.DESIGN: A randomized control study.SETTING: Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Scientific Research Center of Gannan Medical College between May and June in 2003. Totally 106 healthy adult Kunming mice were used in the following three independent experiments. The white mulberry root-bark extract was provided by the Department of Pharmacology of Gannan Medical College, injection of propranolole hydrochloride by Beijing Pharmaceutical Factory.METHODS: ① Hypoxic tolerance test under normal pressure: Forty mice were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, propranolol group, white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g respectively, and the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mg/g), propranolol (10 g/L), white mulberry root-bark extract (0.10 and 0.20 mL/g) respectively. After 15 minutes,the mice in the groups were placed into the enclosed 250mL ground and wide mouthed bottles separately, and the survival time of the mice was observed by taking the last breath as the index. ② Rapid headcut test: Thirty mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g respectively, and the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mg/g), white mulberry root-bark extract (0.10and 0.20 mL/g) respectively. After 15 minutes, the heads of the mice were rapidly cut down without anesthesia, and the time from cutting head to the last breath was recorded. ③ Test of isoproterenol in enhancing myocardial oxygen consumption: Thirty-six mice were divided into three groups with 12 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, isoproterenol group and white mulberry root-bark extract group treated with 0.10 mL/g. In the saline group, the mice were injected with saline subcutaneously (0.03 mL/g),and then intraperitoneally (0.02 mL/g) after 5 minutes. In the isoproterenol group, the mice were firstly treated with subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (0.015 mg/g), and the intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mL/g) was given after 5 minutes. In the white mulberry root-bark extract group treated with 0.10 mL/g, the mice were firstly injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (0.015 mg/g), and then injected intraperitoneally with white mulberry root-bark extract (0.01 mL/g)was given after 5 minutes. After 15 minutes, the mice were placed into the enclosed wide mouthed bottles separately, and the survival time of the mice was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival time of mice in each group was observed in the three independent experiments.RESULTS: All the 106 healthy adult Kunming mice were involved in the analysis of results. ① Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice in the condition of hypoxic tolerance under normal pressure: As compared with the saline group, the survival times in the propranolol group and white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were obviously prolonged [(36.2±4.3), (81.0±17.0), (66.4±8.9), (90.3±7.4) minutes, t=3.358-3.617,P ＜ 0.01]. ② Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice under the condition of cerebral ischemia: As compared with the saline group, the times from cutting head to the last breath in the white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were obviously prolonged [(17.8±1.3), (21.2±0.8), (23.5±0.7) minutes, t=2.824-3.432, P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01]. ③ Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice under the condition of myocardial oxygen consumption enhanced by isoproterenol: As compared with the saline group, the survival time in the isoproterenol group was obviously shortened, but those in the white mulberry rootbark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were markedly prolonged [(36.2±4.3), (27.9±2.6), (50.6±3.4) minutes, t=2.734-3.035, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: White mulberry root-bark extract has obvious effect on hypoxic tolerance.

Adolescent ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; blood ; immunology ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is one of the most important pathogen and can cause infection ranging from superficial skin infections to life-threatening disease. The prevalence of CA-MRSA is rising in children in these years. Therefore, the review will cover the research progress in the CA-MRSA prevalence, risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment and preventions in children. The risk factors and disease patterns and antimicrobial resistant rates in different parts of China in the recent decade will be also discussed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Orem intervention on the living quality and psychological state of elderly pa-tients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Sixty-eight elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly divided into control group (n=31) and observation group (n=37).Orem intervention was applied in the observation group, while routine nurs-ing was used in the control group.The score of short-form-36 health survey (SF-36), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results After the intervention, the SF-36 scores of observation group were significantly increased in 8 dimensions, compared with control group , with statistically significant differences (p<0.05).Compared with the control group, the SDS and SAS scores of the observation group were significantly de-creased statistically (p<0.05).The satisfaction rates of the control group and the observation group were respectively 77.4% (24/31) and 94.6% (35/37), with statistically significant differences (p<0.05).Conclusion Orem intervention can effectively im-prove the living quality and psychological state of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis , worth clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the effect,safety,and skills of holmium laser lithotripsy by ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract radiotransparent calculi complicated with polyps. Methods From January to December 2008,60 patients with upper urinary tract radiotransparent calculi complicated with polyps were treated by holmium laser lithotripsy(Coherent PowerSuite 20 W,500 ?m) via a ureteroscope.The laser lithotrite was introduced to the stones,and the intraluminal stone was fragmented and melted by holmium laser simultaneously.Results The mean operation time of this series was 21 min(15-70 min).The polyps was removed completely in one session in all of the cases except in 4 patients,whose upper calculi were flushed into the renal pelvis.No ureteral mucosa avulsion,perforation,false passage and other severe complications occurred.Some of the patients had mild haematuria after the operation without fever or renal pain.The patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months(mean 5 months);none of them had residual stones or ureteral stricture during the period. Conclusions Holmium laser lithotripsy via ureteroscope is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of upper urinary tract radiotransparent complicated with polyps.