ncreased. But it remains controversial how vaspin is correlated with insulin sensitivity. More studies based on large population are needed to identify the associ-ation between vaspin and insulin sensitivity.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of children pneumonia hospitalization expense and provide refer‐ence for its expense control .Methods Path analysis was performed on the hospitalization expense and its influencing factors based on 927 pneumonia children in a hospital in Chongqing in 2011 .Results Multivariate regression analyasis showed that the influen‐cing factors of children pneumonia hospitalization expense were proportion of drug expense ,length of hospital stay ,type of pay‐ment ,admission condition ,therapeutic outcome and age .The coefficient of determination (R2 =0 .867 ,F=597 .552 ,P<0 .01) .Be‐sides ,proportion of drugs ,admission condition and therapeutic outcome had indirect effects by influencing hospital stay .The coeffi‐cient of determination (R2 =0 .506 F=330 .336 ,P<0 .01) .According to the total coefficient of path analysis ,the factors of influen‐cing hospitalization expense were listed in descending order as follows :proportion of drug expense ,length of hospital stay ,therapeu‐tic outcome ,type of payment ,admission condition and age .Conclusion Reducing drug proportion ,length of hospital stay ,and strengthening supervision on medicare patients′ expense are effective measurements to control children pneumonia hospitalization ex penses .

Hyperuricemia(HUA),which can induce oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,and inflammation,is closely relevant to the metabolic syndrome(MS),such as obesity,impaired fasting blood glucose,hyper-triglyceridemia,and hypertension. Moreover,HUA is of reciprocal causation with insulin resistance(IR). Here,for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases such as HUA and MS,the interaction and the regulatory mechanism between MS and HUA are summarized,and the situation that HUA is an important complication of MS is illustrated.

Objective To determine the expression of membrane-bound B lymphocyte stimulator (Blys) and Blys mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and investigate the relationship between Blys mRNA expression and SLE activity or lupus nephritis. Methods Measure the expression of Blys mRNA with reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in PBMCs from patients with SLE, who were separated into active group (n=26) and inactive group (n=20) according to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and 20 healthy volunteers; analyze the relationship among Blys mRNA and several clinical items; measure the expression of membrane-bound Blys with flow cytometry (FACs) in 20 patients with SLE and 16 healthy controls. Results The expression of Blys mRNA in PBMCs from patients with SLE was significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (P

Object To study and identify the chemical constituents of Bombyx Batryticatus. Methods The constituents were isolated from the above materials by column chromatography using silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, purified by crystallization, and identified by spectroscopic methods. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified. They are 6-methoxy-7-O-?-D-(4′-methoxy) glucopyranosyl coumarin (Ⅰ), ergost-6, 22-dien-3?, 5?, 8?-triol (Ⅱ), palmitic acid (Ⅲ), meso-erythritol (Ⅳ), D-mannitol (Ⅴ), uracil (Ⅵ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅶ), and daucosterol (Ⅷ). Conclusion Coumpound Ⅰ is a new coumarin glycoside.

Objective To study the influence of bilateral optic nerve transections on the expression of Nogo A/B and NgR in hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus neurocytes of rats in order to elucidate the possible regulatory mechanisms of supraoptic nucleus regeneration.Methods Twelve adult SD rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups(6 each): control group and optic nerve division group(transection of bilateral optic nerves).Sham operation was done in,rats of the control group without transection of sptic nerves.The rats' brains were removed from both groups 7 days after surgery,and then frozen sections of the brains were made.Different antibodies and fluorescent probe dyes were used to label Nogo-A/B and NgR proteins in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus neurocytes.And then laser-confocal microscopy was used to observe these proteins.Results No Nogo-A/B and NgR proteins were expressed in neurocytes of hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus in control group.However,Nogo-A/B and NgR proteins were positively expressed around the nuclei of neurocytes in rats of the optic nerve division group 7 days after bilateral optic nerve transection in the said area Conclusions Nogo-A/B and NgR may participate in the regeneration regulation of supraoptic nucleus neurocytes after injury.However,there must be other factors also involved in the regeneration regulation mechanisms.The existence of these factors might explain the strong activity of regeneration of supraoptic nucleus neurocytes after injury even with the existence of the major axon regeneration inhibitor Nogo-A/B and its receptor NgR in the microenvironment.

[Objective] To explore effect of momordin on reversion of multidrug resistance(MDR) in K562/A02 cells,and expression and function of P-glycoprotein(P-gp).[Methods] IC50 was detected by CCK-8,and expression of P-gp and retention of ADM in K562/A02 cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).[Results] Momordin can improve sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to many kinds of chemotherapeutical drugs,result in decrease of expression of P-gp,and raise concentration of ADM within cells.[Conclusion] Momordin can partly reverse drug resistance of K562/A02 cells,the mechanism of reversion is related with down regulation of expression of P-gp.

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of phacoemulsification (PHACO)+intraocular lens implantation (IOL) for cataract combined with primary angle closure (PAC) in the expansion phase. Methods Thirty-eight eyes of 29 patients which suffered from cataract combined PAC in the expansion phase had undergone PHACO+IOL and goniosynechialysis from June 2005 to December 2006 were retrospectively studied. Results A total of 32 eyes of 24 cases were followed up for 6 to 35 months post-operatively, meanly 19.53?8.93 months. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly decreased from a preoperative mean of (31.61?9.88) mmHg without medication therapy to (16.73?2.13) mmHg in 1 month after operation and (15.61?1.94) mmHg at the end of follow-up. The differences between the untreatment and the treatment were statistically significant (P=0.000). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly improved in all cases (P=0.000). Although the BCVA at the end of follow-up was declined when compared with the acuity 1 month post-operatively, there was no significant difference. The mean central anterior chamber depth was increased from (2.22?0.51) mm preoperatively to (3.59?0.46) mm in 1 month after operation and (3.17?0.35) mm at the end of follow-up with significant differences (P=0.000). The angle of anterior chamber in all operated eyes became wider and the parts of angle closure opened at different degrees. All of patients had no any vision defection. Conclusion PHACO+IOL and combined with goniosynechialysis blocks primary angle-closure glaucoma course, and has better long-term effect.

Natural polysaccharides are a kind of hydrophilic polymers.By grafting hydrophobic moieties to the polysaccharide backbone,could form self-assembled micelle with core-shell structure in aqueous by undergoing intramolecular or intermolecular association between hydrophobic moieties.The self-assembly micelles of amphiphilic polysaccharides provides a positive outlook for drug delivery systems with biodegradability,low antigenicity,good biocompatibility and so on.This review focus on biological activity of amphiphilic polysaccharide as self-assembly carriers,the principle of self-assembly of polymeric micelles,and the recent progress in hydrophobic modification of natural polysaccharides.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and procedures of semi-open establishment of pneumoperitoneum(SOEPP) for laparoscopic surgery in patients with a history of abdominal surgery. Methods 117,patients,with a history of abdominal surgery received SOEPP and were retrospectively reviewed from October 1994 to January 2002. Results Out of 117 patients,pneumoperitoneum was established successfully in 115 cases by SOEPP.The successful rate of SOEPP was 98 3%(115/117). Conclusions SOEPP is a safe and feasible method in most patients with abdominal operative history.