Pharmacogenomics is defined as the study of variation in DNA and RNA at the whole genome level,and its effects on drug response including effectiveness and adverse events.Pharmacogenomics is helpful for individualized drug therapy.The role of pharmacogenomics in antiepileptic drugs in therapy of epilepsy was briefly reviewed.

Leukoencephalopathy is a group of heterogeneous disorders,which mainly affect the cerebral white matter.Both genetic and acquired etiology can lead to these disorders.The diagnosis of several acquired leukoencephalopathy was described,focused on new definitions in diagnosis of demyelination in central nervous system.

Objective To examine the clinical efficacy and safety of intracoronary verapamil during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Methods Totally 98 patients with ACS undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to two groups:verapamil group (immediately intracoronary verapamil 200 μg/2 ml heparinised saline,n=48) and intracoronary saline control group (immediately intracoronary 2 ml heparinised saline,n=50) after deploying stent.The follow up time was 3 months.Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)flow grade (TFG), corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC),TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), myocardial blush grade (MBG) were assessed pre- and post-PCI and after drug administration.Echocardiography were performed one week after PCI. Incidence of major adverse cardiac events in hospital and 3 months follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results The differences in values of CTFC,TFG,TMPG,MBG after PCI were not found between two groups (P＞0.05). However,after intracoronary drug administration,verapamil group was superior to control group in terms of CTFC (t=6.47,P＜0.01),TFG (x2=5.17,P＜0.01),TMPG(x28.25,P＜0.01)and MBG(x2=2.12,P＜0.05).After correcting the influencing factors,only CTFC was still improved in verapamil group than in control group (x2 =2.36,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in TFG(x2 =0.58,P＞0.05)and MBG(x2 =0.91,P＞0.05) and TMPG (x2 =0.68,P＞0.05).Echocardiographic results after PCI were similar between two groups (x2 =0.65,P＞0.05).There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events between two groups (x2 =0.71,P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions Application of intracoronary verapamil after deploying stent is effective,safety and worthy of popularization in view of improving post procedural coronary flow in patients with ACS.

HbA1c measures chronic glycemia and is widely used to judge the adequacy of diabetic treatment and adjust therapy.According to ADAG study,the relationship between HbA1c and the calculated AG can be expressed as the linear regression:eAG(mg/dL)=28.7?HbA1c-46.7.ADA has adopted this equation on its website.In the same unit of measurement as used in self-monitoring blood glucose,eAG would facilitate the doctors to communicate with patients in the daily glucose control.

AIM: To present the epidemiology, cause of injury, ocular status and final visual acuity after management of severe ocular trauma required hospitalization during 7 years in a representative urban Chinese population.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the hospital admission files of ocular trauma patients admitted to the Daping hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 was carried out.RESULTS: A total of 268 patients were open-globe injury and the remaining 294 patients were closed-globe types. The most common causes of ocular injuries were metal (29.4%), explosive (14.6%) and stone (13.9%). And the visual outcomes of most of eye injury patients in this study were poor; half of injured eyes ended with visual acuity worse than 0.1.CONCLUSION: Therapeutic methods to ocular trauma make a great progress in recent years, but the visual outcomes are poor.

0.05). Conclusion Our finding suggests that it is reasonable to operate on elderly patients with lumbar stenosis who are different in body mass index, because little relation has been found between body mass and surgery outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To provide valuable reference for China in formulating and evolving pricing policy on patent drugs.METHODS: The current pricing policy on patent drugs in Sweden and its outcome were analyzed,and then its implication for Chinese medical & health market were summarized.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that market information should be taken into full consideration and drugs price supervision system should be established in making pricing policy so as to avoid information asymmetry in pricing game and ensure effective utilization of social medical insurance resources.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pricing policy on the patent drugs in UK.METHODS: The current pricing policy on patent drugs in UK and the outcome of the policy were analyzed and its characteristics and applicable condition were summarized.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Current pricing policy on patent drugs in UK provided incentives for the research & development as well as innovation of drugs and it helped to keep UK's pharmaceutical industries in the global leading level.However,there is no mechanism within it to take explicit account of therapeutic value of drugs.Also,it provides weak incentives to invest in the most cost-effective yet clinically demanded drugs and it has limited effect on price control of drugs.

Objective To prevent wrong diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis(CIDP) by analyzing the clinical characteristics of CIDP and spine degeneration disorders. Methods In order to distinguish CIDP from spine degeneration diseases, we retrospectively reviewed 16 CIDP patients from December 2000 to December 2003 (male 10, female 6; range 38-58 years old, mean 49.1 years old) who were misdiagnosed as spine degeneration diseases. The duration of the disease was 2 months to 2 years and 8 months, with an everage of 106 months. All clinical data of the 16 patients were analyzed. The data included clinical manifestation, physical examination, protein content of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and upper-lower extremity electrophysiologic study(EPS). Comparing the clinical charateristics of CIDP with those of spine degeneration disease. Results All 16 patients of CIDP sufferred limbs sensory disturbance or abnormality, walking difficulty. Upper or lower extremity were involved at equal pace and symmetry; limb tendon reflexes weakened or dissappeared, but limbs muscular atrophy were not significant. X-ray showed degeneration of cervical or thoracic and lumbar spine; MRI showed that there were disc herniation in different intervertebral. The content of protein of CSF remarkably increased(mean 479.9 mg/L). There were significant deviation compare to normal. Electrophysiology study found that sensory nerve action potential(SNAP) wave amplitude were descending; motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) were slower. Conclusion We could rightly diagnose and distingnish CIDP from spine degeneration diseases by analyzing clinical manifestation, physical examination, cerebrospinal fluid and electrophysiological study. [

Healthy skin sources from sex hormone, the reproductive health is closely related with skin, they grow and decline together. The methods of regulating menstruation and whites, nourishing kidney for pregnancy clinically can make patients’ skin regain brilliance in the meantime of curing sterility, menstruation disease and pelvic inflammation, from this we can know TCM has broad prospect in beautification.